aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstatshomepage
path: root/tools/testing/selftests/wireguard/netns.sh
blob: 405ff262ca93d439ecccb19eff24a359421bdf61 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
#!/bin/bash
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
#
# Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>. All Rights Reserved.
#
# This script tests the below topology:
#
# ┌─────────────────────┐   ┌──────────────────────────────────┐   ┌─────────────────────┐
# │   $ns1 namespace    │   │          $ns0 namespace          │   │   $ns2 namespace    │
# │                     │   │                                  │   │                     │
# │┌────────┐           │   │            ┌────────┐            │   │           ┌────────┐│
# ││  wg0   │───────────┼───┼────────────│   lo   │────────────┼───┼───────────│  wg0   ││
# │├────────┴──────────┐│   │    ┌───────┴────────┴────────┐   │   │┌──────────┴────────┤│
# ││192.168.241.1/24   ││   │    │(ns1)         (ns2)      │   │   ││192.168.241.2/24   ││
# ││fd00::1/24         ││   │    │127.0.0.1:1   127.0.0.1:2│   │   ││fd00::2/24         ││
# │└───────────────────┘│   │    │[::]:1        [::]:2     │   │   │└───────────────────┘│
# └─────────────────────┘   │    └─────────────────────────┘   │   └─────────────────────┘
#                           └──────────────────────────────────┘
#
# After the topology is prepared we run a series of TCP/UDP iperf3 tests between the
# wireguard peers in $ns1 and $ns2. Note that $ns0 is the endpoint for the wg0
# interfaces in $ns1 and $ns2. See https://www.wireguard.com/netns/ for further
# details on how this is accomplished.
set -e
shopt -s extglob

exec 3>&1
export LANG=C
export WG_HIDE_KEYS=never
NPROC=( /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu+([0-9]) ); NPROC=${#NPROC[@]}
netns0="wg-test-$$-0"
netns1="wg-test-$$-1"
netns2="wg-test-$$-2"
pretty() { echo -e "\x1b[32m\x1b[1m[+] ${1:+NS$1: }${2}\x1b[0m" >&3; }
pp() { pretty "" "$*"; "$@"; }
maybe_exec() { if [[ $BASHPID -eq $$ ]]; then "$@"; else exec "$@"; fi; }
n0() { pretty 0 "$*"; maybe_exec ip netns exec $netns0 "$@"; }
n1() { pretty 1 "$*"; maybe_exec ip netns exec $netns1 "$@"; }
n2() { pretty 2 "$*"; maybe_exec ip netns exec $netns2 "$@"; }
ip0() { pretty 0 "ip $*"; ip -n $netns0 "$@"; }
ip1() { pretty 1 "ip $*"; ip -n $netns1 "$@"; }
ip2() { pretty 2 "ip $*"; ip -n $netns2 "$@"; }
sleep() { read -t "$1" -N 1 || true; }
waitiperf() { pretty "${1//*-}" "wait for iperf:${3:-5201} pid $2"; while [[ $(ss -N "$1" -tlpH "sport = ${3:-5201}") != *\"iperf3\",pid=$2,fd=* ]]; do sleep 0.1; done; }
waitncatudp() { pretty "${1//*-}" "wait for udp:1111 pid $2"; while [[ $(ss -N "$1" -ulpH 'sport = 1111') != *\"ncat\",pid=$2,fd=* ]]; do sleep 0.1; done; }
waitiface() { pretty "${1//*-}" "wait for $2 to come up"; ip netns exec "$1" bash -c "while [[ \$(< \"/sys/class/net/$2/operstate\") != up ]]; do read -t .1 -N 0 || true; done;"; }

cleanup() {
	set +e
	exec 2>/dev/null
	printf "$orig_message_cost" > /proc/sys/net/core/message_cost
	ip0 link del dev wg0
	ip0 link del dev wg1
	ip1 link del dev wg0
	ip1 link del dev wg1
	ip2 link del dev wg0
	ip2 link del dev wg1
	local to_kill="$(ip netns pids $netns0) $(ip netns pids $netns1) $(ip netns pids $netns2)"
	[[ -n $to_kill ]] && kill $to_kill
	pp ip netns del $netns1
	pp ip netns del $netns2
	pp ip netns del $netns0
	exit
}

orig_message_cost="$(< /proc/sys/net/core/message_cost)"
trap cleanup EXIT
printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/core/message_cost

ip netns del $netns0 2>/dev/null || true
ip netns del $netns1 2>/dev/null || true
ip netns del $netns2 2>/dev/null || true
pp ip netns add $netns0
pp ip netns add $netns1
pp ip netns add $netns2
ip0 link set up dev lo

ip0 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
ip0 link set wg0 netns $netns1
ip0 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
ip0 link set wg0 netns $netns2
key1="$(pp wg genkey)"
key2="$(pp wg genkey)"
key3="$(pp wg genkey)"
key4="$(pp wg genkey)"
pub1="$(pp wg pubkey <<<"$key1")"
pub2="$(pp wg pubkey <<<"$key2")"
pub3="$(pp wg pubkey <<<"$key3")"
pub4="$(pp wg pubkey <<<"$key4")"
psk="$(pp wg genpsk)"
[[ -n $key1 && -n $key2 && -n $psk ]]

configure_peers() {
	ip1 addr add 192.168.241.1/24 dev wg0
	ip1 addr add fd00::1/112 dev wg0

	ip2 addr add 192.168.241.2/24 dev wg0
	ip2 addr add fd00::2/112 dev wg0

	n1 wg set wg0 \
		private-key <(echo "$key1") \
		listen-port 1 \
		peer "$pub2" \
			preshared-key <(echo "$psk") \
			allowed-ips 192.168.241.2/32,fd00::2/128
	n2 wg set wg0 \
		private-key <(echo "$key2") \
		listen-port 2 \
		peer "$pub1" \
			preshared-key <(echo "$psk") \
			allowed-ips 192.168.241.1/32,fd00::1/128

	ip1 link set up dev wg0
	ip2 link set up dev wg0
}
configure_peers

tests() {
	# Ping over IPv4
	n2 ping -c 10 -f -W 1 192.168.241.1
	n1 ping -c 10 -f -W 1 192.168.241.2

	# Ping over IPv6
	n2 ping6 -c 10 -f -W 1 fd00::1
	n1 ping6 -c 10 -f -W 1 fd00::2

	# TCP over IPv4
	n2 iperf3 -s -1 -B 192.168.241.2 &
	waitiperf $netns2 $!
	n1 iperf3 -Z -t 3 -c 192.168.241.2

	# TCP over IPv6
	n1 iperf3 -s -1 -B fd00::1 &
	waitiperf $netns1 $!
	n2 iperf3 -Z -t 3 -c fd00::1

	# UDP over IPv4
	n1 iperf3 -s -1 -B 192.168.241.1 &
	waitiperf $netns1 $!
	n2 iperf3 -Z -t 3 -b 0 -u -c 192.168.241.1

	# UDP over IPv6
	n2 iperf3 -s -1 -B fd00::2 &
	waitiperf $netns2 $!
	n1 iperf3 -Z -t 3 -b 0 -u -c fd00::2

	# TCP over IPv4, in parallel
	local pids=( ) i
	for ((i=0; i < NPROC; ++i)) do
		n2 iperf3 -p $(( 5200 + i )) -s -1 -B 192.168.241.2 &
		pids+=( $! ); waitiperf $netns2 $! $(( 5200 + i ))
	done
	for ((i=0; i < NPROC; ++i)) do
		n1 iperf3 -Z -t 3 -p $(( 5200 + i )) -c 192.168.241.2 &
	done
	wait "${pids[@]}"
}

[[ $(ip1 link show dev wg0) =~ mtu\ ([0-9]+) ]] && orig_mtu="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
big_mtu=$(( 34816 - 1500 + $orig_mtu ))

# Test using IPv4 as outer transport
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 127.0.0.1:2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint 127.0.0.1:1
# Before calling tests, we first make sure that the stats counters and timestamper are working
n2 ping -c 10 -f -W 1 192.168.241.1
{ read _; read _; read _; read rx_bytes _; read _; read tx_bytes _; } < <(ip2 -stats link show dev wg0)
(( rx_bytes == 1372 && (tx_bytes == 1428 || tx_bytes == 1460) ))
{ read _; read _; read _; read rx_bytes _; read _; read tx_bytes _; } < <(ip1 -stats link show dev wg0)
(( tx_bytes == 1372 && (rx_bytes == 1428 || rx_bytes == 1460) ))
read _ rx_bytes tx_bytes < <(n2 wg show wg0 transfer)
(( rx_bytes == 1372 && (tx_bytes == 1428 || tx_bytes == 1460) ))
read _ rx_bytes tx_bytes < <(n1 wg show wg0 transfer)
(( tx_bytes == 1372 && (rx_bytes == 1428 || rx_bytes == 1460) ))
read _ timestamp < <(n1 wg show wg0 latest-handshakes)
(( timestamp != 0 ))

tests
ip1 link set wg0 mtu $big_mtu
ip2 link set wg0 mtu $big_mtu
tests

ip1 link set wg0 mtu $orig_mtu
ip2 link set wg0 mtu $orig_mtu

# Test using IPv6 as outer transport
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint [::1]:2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint [::1]:1
tests
ip1 link set wg0 mtu $big_mtu
ip2 link set wg0 mtu $big_mtu
tests

# Test that route MTUs work with the padding
ip1 link set wg0 mtu 1300
ip2 link set wg0 mtu 1300
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 127.0.0.1:2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint 127.0.0.1:1
n0 iptables -A INPUT -m length --length 1360 -j DROP
n1 ip route add 192.168.241.2/32 dev wg0 mtu 1299
n2 ip route add 192.168.241.1/32 dev wg0 mtu 1299
n2 ping -c 1 -W 1 -s 1269 192.168.241.1
n2 ip route delete 192.168.241.1/32 dev wg0 mtu 1299
n1 ip route delete 192.168.241.2/32 dev wg0 mtu 1299
n0 iptables -F INPUT

ip1 link set wg0 mtu $orig_mtu
ip2 link set wg0 mtu $orig_mtu

# Test using IPv4 that roaming works
ip0 -4 addr del 127.0.0.1/8 dev lo
ip0 -4 addr add 127.212.121.99/8 dev lo
n1 wg set wg0 listen-port 9999
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 127.0.0.1:2
n1 ping6 -W 1 -c 1 fd00::2
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	127.212.121.99:9999" ]]

# Test using IPv6 that roaming works
n1 wg set wg0 listen-port 9998
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint [::1]:2
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	[::1]:9998" ]]

# Test that crypto-RP filter works
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips 192.168.241.0/24
exec 4< <(n1 ncat -l -u -p 1111)
ncat_pid=$!
waitncatudp $netns1 $ncat_pid
n2 ncat -u 192.168.241.1 1111 <<<"X"
read -r -N 1 -t 1 out <&4 && [[ $out == "X" ]]
kill $ncat_pid
more_specific_key="$(pp wg genkey | pp wg pubkey)"
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$more_specific_key" allowed-ips 192.168.241.2/32
n2 wg set wg0 listen-port 9997
exec 4< <(n1 ncat -l -u -p 1111)
ncat_pid=$!
waitncatudp $netns1 $ncat_pid
n2 ncat -u 192.168.241.1 1111 <<<"X"
! read -r -N 1 -t 1 out <&4 || false
kill $ncat_pid
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$more_specific_key" remove
[[ $(n1 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub2	[::1]:9997" ]]

# Test that we can change private keys keys and immediately handshake
n1 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key1") peer "$pub2" preshared-key <(echo "$psk") allowed-ips 192.168.241.2/32 endpoint 127.0.0.1:2
n2 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key2") listen-port 2 peer "$pub1" preshared-key <(echo "$psk") allowed-ips 192.168.241.1/32
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
n1 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key3")
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub3" preshared-key <(echo "$psk") allowed-ips 192.168.241.1/32 peer "$pub1" remove
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub3" remove

# Test that we can route wg through wg
ip1 addr flush dev wg0
ip2 addr flush dev wg0
ip1 addr add fd00::5:1/112 dev wg0
ip2 addr add fd00::5:2/112 dev wg0
n1 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key1") peer "$pub2" preshared-key <(echo "$psk") allowed-ips fd00::5:2/128 endpoint 127.0.0.1:2
n2 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key2") listen-port 2 peer "$pub1" preshared-key <(echo "$psk") allowed-ips fd00::5:1/128 endpoint 127.212.121.99:9998
ip1 link add wg1 type wireguard
ip2 link add wg1 type wireguard
ip1 addr add 192.168.241.1/24 dev wg1
ip1 addr add fd00::1/112 dev wg1
ip2 addr add 192.168.241.2/24 dev wg1
ip2 addr add fd00::2/112 dev wg1
ip1 link set mtu 1340 up dev wg1
ip2 link set mtu 1340 up dev wg1
n1 wg set wg1 listen-port 5 private-key <(echo "$key3") peer "$pub4" allowed-ips 192.168.241.2/32,fd00::2/128 endpoint [fd00::5:2]:5
n2 wg set wg1 listen-port 5 private-key <(echo "$key4") peer "$pub3" allowed-ips 192.168.241.1/32,fd00::1/128 endpoint [fd00::5:1]:5
tests
# Try to set up a routing loop between the two namespaces
ip1 link set netns $netns0 dev wg1
ip0 addr add 192.168.241.1/24 dev wg1
ip0 link set up dev wg1
n0 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 192.168.241.2:7
ip2 link del wg0
ip2 link del wg1
read _ _ tx_bytes_before < <(n0 wg show wg1 transfer)
! n0 ping -W 1 -c 10 -f 192.168.241.2 || false
sleep 1
read _ _ tx_bytes_after < <(n0 wg show wg1 transfer)
if ! (( tx_bytes_after - tx_bytes_before < 70000 )); then
	errstart=$'\x1b[37m\x1b[41m\x1b[1m'
	errend=$'\x1b[0m'
	echo "${errstart}                                                ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart}                   E  R  R  O  R                ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart}                                                ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart} This architecture does not do the right thing  ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart} with cross-namespace routing loops. This test  ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart} has thus technically failed but, as this issue ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart} is as yet unsolved, these tests will continue  ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart} onward. :(                                     ${errend}"
	echo "${errstart}                                                ${errend}"
fi

ip0 link del wg1
ip1 link del wg0

# Test using NAT. We now change the topology to this:
# ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐    ┌────────────────────────────────────────────────┐     ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
# │             $ns1 namespace             │    │                 $ns0 namespace                 │     │             $ns2 namespace             │
# │                                        │    │                                                │     │                                        │
# │  ┌─────┐             ┌─────┐           │    │    ┌──────┐              ┌──────┐              │     │  ┌─────┐            ┌─────┐            │
# │  │ wg0 │─────────────│vethc│───────────┼────┼────│vethrc│              │vethrs│──────────────┼─────┼──│veths│────────────│ wg0 │            │
# │  ├─────┴──────────┐  ├─────┴──────────┐│    │    ├──────┴─────────┐    ├──────┴────────────┐ │     │  ├─────┴──────────┐ ├─────┴──────────┐ │
# │  │192.168.241.1/24│  │192.168.1.100/24││    │    │192.168.1.1/24  │    │10.0.0.1/24        │ │     │  │10.0.0.100/24   │ │192.168.241.2/24│ │
# │  │fd00::1/24      │  │                ││    │    │                │    │SNAT:192.168.1.0/24│ │     │  │                │ │fd00::2/24      │ │
# │  └────────────────┘  └────────────────┘│    │    └────────────────┘    └───────────────────┘ │     │  └────────────────┘ └────────────────┘ │
# └────────────────────────────────────────┘    └────────────────────────────────────────────────┘     └────────────────────────────────────────┘

ip1 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
ip2 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
configure_peers

ip0 link add vethrc type veth peer name vethc
ip0 link add vethrs type veth peer name veths
ip0 link set vethc netns $netns1
ip0 link set veths netns $netns2
ip0 link set vethrc up
ip0 link set vethrs up
ip0 addr add 192.168.1.1/24 dev vethrc
ip0 addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev vethrs
ip1 addr add 192.168.1.100/24 dev vethc
ip1 link set vethc up
ip1 route add default via 192.168.1.1
ip2 addr add 10.0.0.100/24 dev veths
ip2 link set veths up
waitiface $netns0 vethrc
waitiface $netns0 vethrs
waitiface $netns1 vethc
waitiface $netns2 veths

n0 bash -c 'printf 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward'
n0 bash -c 'printf 2 > /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_udp_timeout'
n0 bash -c 'printf 2 > /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_udp_timeout_stream'
n0 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 10.0.0.0/24 -j SNAT --to 10.0.0.1

n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 10.0.0.100:2 persistent-keepalive 1
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	10.0.0.1:1" ]]
# Demonstrate n2 can still send packets to n1, since persistent-keepalive will prevent connection tracking entry from expiring (to see entries: `n0 conntrack -L`).
pp sleep 3
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" persistent-keepalive 0

# Test that sk_bound_dev_if works
n1 ping -I wg0 -c 1 -W 1 192.168.241.2
# What about when the mark changes and the packet must be rerouted?
n1 iptables -t mangle -I OUTPUT -j MARK --set-xmark 1
n1 ping -c 1 -W 1 192.168.241.2 # First the boring case
n1 ping -I wg0 -c 1 -W 1 192.168.241.2 # Then the sk_bound_dev_if case
n1 iptables -t mangle -D OUTPUT -j MARK --set-xmark 1

# Test that onion routing works, even when it loops
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub3" allowed-ips 192.168.242.2/32 endpoint 192.168.241.2:5
ip1 addr add 192.168.242.1/24 dev wg0
ip2 link add wg1 type wireguard
ip2 addr add 192.168.242.2/24 dev wg1
n2 wg set wg1 private-key <(echo "$key3") listen-port 5 peer "$pub1" allowed-ips 192.168.242.1/32
ip2 link set wg1 up
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.242.2
ip2 link del wg1
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub3" endpoint 192.168.242.2:5
! n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.242.2 || false # Should not crash kernel
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub3" remove
ip1 addr del 192.168.242.1/24 dev wg0

# Do a wg-quick(8)-style policy routing for the default route, making sure vethc has a v6 address to tease out bugs.
ip1 -6 addr add fc00::9/96 dev vethc
ip1 -6 route add default via fc00::1
ip2 -4 addr add 192.168.99.7/32 dev wg0
ip2 -6 addr add abab::1111/128 dev wg0
n1 wg set wg0 fwmark 51820 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips 192.168.99.7,abab::1111
ip1 -6 route add default dev wg0 table 51820
ip1 -6 rule add not fwmark 51820 table 51820
ip1 -6 rule add table main suppress_prefixlength 0
ip1 -4 route add default dev wg0 table 51820
ip1 -4 rule add not fwmark 51820 table 51820
ip1 -4 rule add table main suppress_prefixlength 0
n1 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/vethc/rp_filter'
# Flood the pings instead of sending just one, to trigger routing table reference counting bugs.
n1 ping -W 1 -c 100 -f 192.168.99.7
n1 ping -W 1 -c 100 -f abab::1111

# Have ns2 NAT into wg0 packets from ns0, but return an icmp error along the right route.
n2 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.0.0/24 -d 192.168.241.0/24 -j SNAT --to 192.168.241.2
n0 iptables -t filter -A INPUT \! -s 10.0.0.0/24 -i vethrs -j DROP # Manual rpfilter just to be explicit.
n2 bash -c 'printf 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward'
ip0 -4 route add 192.168.241.1 via 10.0.0.100
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" remove
[[ $(! n0 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1 || false) == *"From 10.0.0.100 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable"* ]]

n0 iptables -t nat -F
n0 iptables -t filter -F
n2 iptables -t nat -F
ip0 link del vethrc
ip0 link del vethrs
ip1 link del wg0
ip2 link del wg0

# Test that saddr routing is sticky but not too sticky, changing to this topology:
# ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐    ┌────────────────────────────────────────┐
# │             $ns1 namespace             │    │             $ns2 namespace             │
# │                                        │    │                                        │
# │  ┌─────┐             ┌─────┐           │    │  ┌─────┐            ┌─────┐            │
# │  │ wg0 │─────────────│veth1│───────────┼────┼──│veth2│────────────│ wg0 │            │
# │  ├─────┴──────────┐  ├─────┴──────────┐│    │  ├─────┴──────────┐ ├─────┴──────────┐ │
# │  │192.168.241.1/24│  │10.0.0.1/24     ││    │  │10.0.0.2/24     │ │192.168.241.2/24│ │
# │  │fd00::1/24      │  │fd00:aa::1/96   ││    │  │fd00:aa::2/96   │ │fd00::2/24      │ │
# │  └────────────────┘  └────────────────┘│    │  └────────────────┘ └────────────────┘ │
# └────────────────────────────────────────┘    └────────────────────────────────────────┘

ip1 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
ip2 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
configure_peers
ip1 link add veth1 type veth peer name veth2
ip1 link set veth2 netns $netns2
n1 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_dad'
n2 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_dad'
n1 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/veth1/accept_dad'
n2 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/veth2/accept_dad'
n1 bash -c 'printf 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/veth1/promote_secondaries'

# First we check that we aren't overly sticky and can fall over to new IPs when old ones are removed
ip1 addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth1
ip1 addr add fd00:aa::1/96 dev veth1
ip2 addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth2
ip2 addr add fd00:aa::2/96 dev veth2
ip1 link set veth1 up
ip2 link set veth2 up
waitiface $netns1 veth1
waitiface $netns2 veth2
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 10.0.0.2:2
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
ip1 addr add 10.0.0.10/24 dev veth1
ip1 addr del 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth1
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint [fd00:aa::2]:2
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
ip1 addr add fd00:aa::10/96 dev veth1
ip1 addr del fd00:aa::1/96 dev veth1
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2

# Now we show that we can successfully do reply to sender routing
ip1 link set veth1 down
ip2 link set veth2 down
ip1 addr flush dev veth1
ip2 addr flush dev veth2
ip1 addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth1
ip1 addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth1
ip1 addr add fd00:aa::1/96 dev veth1
ip1 addr add fd00:aa::2/96 dev veth1
ip2 addr add 10.0.0.3/24 dev veth2
ip2 addr add fd00:aa::3/96 dev veth2
ip1 link set veth1 up
ip2 link set veth2 up
waitiface $netns1 veth1
waitiface $netns2 veth2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint 10.0.0.1:1
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	10.0.0.1:1" ]]
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint [fd00:aa::1]:1
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	[fd00:aa::1]:1" ]]
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint 10.0.0.2:1
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	10.0.0.2:1" ]]
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint [fd00:aa::2]:1
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	[fd00:aa::2]:1" ]]

# What happens if the inbound destination address belongs to a different interface as the default route?
ip1 link add dummy0 type dummy
ip1 addr add 10.50.0.1/24 dev dummy0
ip1 link set dummy0 up
ip2 route add 10.50.0.0/24 dev veth2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint 10.50.0.1:1
n2 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.1
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	10.50.0.1:1" ]]

ip1 link del dummy0
ip1 addr flush dev veth1
ip2 addr flush dev veth2
ip1 route flush dev veth1
ip2 route flush dev veth2

# Now we see what happens if another interface route takes precedence over an ongoing one
ip1 link add veth3 type veth peer name veth4
ip1 link set veth4 netns $netns2
ip1 addr add 10.0.0.1/24 dev veth1
ip2 addr add 10.0.0.2/24 dev veth2
ip1 addr add 10.0.0.3/24 dev veth3
ip1 link set veth1 up
ip2 link set veth2 up
ip1 link set veth3 up
ip2 link set veth4 up
waitiface $netns1 veth1
waitiface $netns2 veth2
waitiface $netns1 veth3
waitiface $netns2 veth4
ip1 route flush dev veth1
ip1 route flush dev veth3
ip1 route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev veth1 src 10.0.0.1 metric 2
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 10.0.0.2:2
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	10.0.0.1:1" ]]
ip1 route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev veth3 src 10.0.0.3 metric 1
n1 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/veth1/rp_filter'
n2 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/veth4/rp_filter'
n1 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter'
n2 bash -c 'printf 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter'
n1 ping -W 1 -c 1 192.168.241.2
[[ $(n2 wg show wg0 endpoints) == "$pub1	10.0.0.3:1" ]]

ip1 link del dev veth3
ip1 link del dev wg0
ip2 link del dev wg0

# Make sure persistent keep alives are sent when an adapter comes up
ip1 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
n1 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key1") peer "$pub2" endpoint 10.0.0.1:1 persistent-keepalive 1
read _ _ tx_bytes < <(n1 wg show wg0 transfer)
[[ $tx_bytes -eq 0 ]]
ip1 link set dev wg0 up
read _ _ tx_bytes < <(n1 wg show wg0 transfer)
[[ $tx_bytes -gt 0 ]]
ip1 link del dev wg0
# This should also happen even if the private key is set later
ip1 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint 10.0.0.1:1 persistent-keepalive 1
read _ _ tx_bytes < <(n1 wg show wg0 transfer)
[[ $tx_bytes -eq 0 ]]
ip1 link set dev wg0 up
read _ _ tx_bytes < <(n1 wg show wg0 transfer)
[[ $tx_bytes -eq 0 ]]
n1 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key1")
read _ _ tx_bytes < <(n1 wg show wg0 transfer)
[[ $tx_bytes -gt 0 ]]
ip1 link del dev veth1
ip1 link del dev wg0

# We test that Netlink/IPC is working properly by doing things that usually cause split responses
ip0 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
config=( "[Interface]" "PrivateKey=$(wg genkey)" "[Peer]" "PublicKey=$(wg genkey)" )
for a in {1..255}; do
	for b in {0..255}; do
		config+=( "AllowedIPs=$a.$b.0.0/16,$a::$b/128" )
	done
done
n0 wg setconf wg0 <(printf '%s\n' "${config[@]}")
i=0
for ip in $(n0 wg show wg0 allowed-ips); do
	((++i))
done
((i == 255*256*2+1))
ip0 link del wg0
ip0 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
config=( "[Interface]" "PrivateKey=$(wg genkey)" )
for a in {1..40}; do
	config+=( "[Peer]" "PublicKey=$(wg genkey)" )
	for b in {1..52}; do
		config+=( "AllowedIPs=$a.$b.0.0/16" )
	done
done
n0 wg setconf wg0 <(printf '%s\n' "${config[@]}")
i=0
while read -r line; do
	j=0
	for ip in $line; do
		((++j))
	done
	((j == 53))
	((++i))
done < <(n0 wg show wg0 allowed-ips)
((i == 40))
ip0 link del wg0
ip0 link add wg0 type wireguard
config=( )
for i in {1..29}; do
	config+=( "[Peer]" "PublicKey=$(wg genkey)" )
done
config+=( "[Peer]" "PublicKey=$(wg genkey)" "AllowedIPs=255.2.3.4/32,abcd::255/128" )
n0 wg setconf wg0 <(printf '%s\n' "${config[@]}")
n0 wg showconf wg0 > /dev/null
ip0 link del wg0

allowedips=( )
for i in {1..197}; do
        allowedips+=( abcd::$i )
done
saved_ifs="$IFS"
IFS=,
allowedips="${allowedips[*]}"
IFS="$saved_ifs"
ip0 link add wg0 type wireguard
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1"
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips "$allowedips"
{
	read -r pub allowedips
	[[ $pub == "$pub1" && $allowedips == "(none)" ]]
	read -r pub allowedips
	[[ $pub == "$pub2" ]]
	i=0
	for _ in $allowedips; do
		((++i))
	done
	((i == 197))
} < <(n0 wg show wg0 allowed-ips)
ip0 link del wg0

! n0 wg show doesnotexist || false

ip0 link add wg0 type wireguard
n0 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key1") peer "$pub2" preshared-key <(echo "$psk")
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 private-key) == "$key1" ]]
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 preshared-keys) == "$pub2	$psk" ]]
n0 wg set wg0 private-key /dev/null peer "$pub2" preshared-key /dev/null
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 private-key) == "(none)" ]]
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 preshared-keys) == "$pub2	(none)" ]]
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2"
n0 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key2")
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 public-key) == "$pub2" ]]
[[ -z $(n0 wg show wg0 peers) ]]
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2"
[[ -z $(n0 wg show wg0 peers) ]]
n0 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "$key1")
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2"
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 peers) == "$pub2" ]]
n0 wg set wg0 private-key <(echo "/${key1:1}")
[[ $(n0 wg show wg0 private-key) == "+${key1:1}" ]]
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips 0.0.0.0/0,10.0.0.0/8,100.0.0.0/10,172.16.0.0/12,192.168.0.0/16
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips 0.0.0.0/0
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips ::/0,1700::/111,5000::/4,e000::/37,9000::/75
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" allowed-ips ::/0
n0 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" remove
for low_order_point in AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA= AQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA= 4Ot6fDtBuK4WVuP68Z/EatoJjeucMrH9hmIFFl9JuAA= X5yVvKNQjCSx0LFVnIPvWwREXMRYHI6G2CJO3dCfEVc= 7P///////////////////////////////////////38= 7f///////////////////////////////////////38= 7v///////////////////////////////////////38=; do
	n0 wg set wg0 peer "$low_order_point" persistent-keepalive 1 endpoint 127.0.0.1:1111
done
[[ -n $(n0 wg show wg0 peers) ]]
exec 4< <(n0 ncat -l -u -p 1111)
ncat_pid=$!
waitncatudp $netns0 $ncat_pid
ip0 link set wg0 up
! read -r -n 1 -t 2 <&4 || false
kill $ncat_pid
ip0 link del wg0

# Ensure that dst_cache references don't outlive netns lifetime
ip1 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
ip2 link add dev wg0 type wireguard
configure_peers
ip1 link add veth1 type veth peer name veth2
ip1 link set veth2 netns $netns2
ip1 addr add fd00:aa::1/64 dev veth1
ip2 addr add fd00:aa::2/64 dev veth2
ip1 link set veth1 up
ip2 link set veth2 up
waitiface $netns1 veth1
waitiface $netns2 veth2
ip1 -6 route add default dev veth1 via fd00:aa::2
ip2 -6 route add default dev veth2 via fd00:aa::1
n1 wg set wg0 peer "$pub2" endpoint [fd00:aa::2]:2
n2 wg set wg0 peer "$pub1" endpoint [fd00:aa::1]:1
n1 ping6 -c 1 fd00::2
pp ip netns delete $netns1
pp ip netns delete $netns2
pp ip netns add $netns1
pp ip netns add $netns2

# Ensure there aren't circular reference loops
ip1 link add wg1 type wireguard
ip2 link add wg2 type wireguard
ip1 link set wg1 netns $netns2
ip2 link set wg2 netns $netns1
pp ip netns delete $netns1
pp ip netns delete $netns2
pp ip netns add $netns1
pp ip netns add $netns2

sleep 2 # Wait for cleanup and grace periods
declare -A objects
while read -t 0.1 -r line 2>/dev/null || [[ $? -ne 142 ]]; do
	[[ $line =~ .*(wg[0-9]+:\ [A-Z][a-z]+\ ?[0-9]*)\ .*(created|destroyed).* ]] || continue
	objects["${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"]+="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}"
done < /dev/kmsg
alldeleted=1
for object in "${!objects[@]}"; do
	if [[ ${objects["$object"]} != *createddestroyed && ${objects["$object"]} != *createdcreateddestroyeddestroyed ]]; then
		echo "Error: $object: merely ${objects["$object"]}" >&3
		alldeleted=0
	fi
done
[[ $alldeleted -eq 1 ]]
pretty "" "Objects that were created were also destroyed."