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diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst index 6eccf13219ff..27c77d853028 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/blockdev/zram.rst @@ -1,15 +1,15 @@ ======================================== -zram: Compressed RAM based block devices +zram: Compressed RAM-based block devices ======================================== Introduction ============ -The zram module creates RAM based block devices named /dev/zram<id> +The zram module creates RAM-based block devices named /dev/zram<id> (<id> = 0, 1, ...). Pages written to these disks are compressed and stored in memory itself. These disks allow very fast I/O and compression provides -good amounts of memory savings. Some of the usecases include /tmp storage, -use as swap disks, various caches under /var and maybe many more :) +good amounts of memory savings. Some of the use cases include /tmp storage, +use as swap disks, various caches under /var and maybe many more. :) Statistics for individual zram devices are exported through sysfs nodes at /sys/block/zram<id>/ @@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ The list of possible return codes: ======== ============================================================= -EBUSY an attempt to modify an attribute that cannot be changed once - the device has been initialised. Please reset device first; + the device has been initialised. Please reset device first. -ENOMEM zram was not able to allocate enough memory to fulfil your - needs; + needs. -EINVAL invalid input has been provided. ======== ============================================================= -If you use 'echo', the returned value that is changed by 'echo' utility, +If you use 'echo', the returned value is set by the 'echo' utility, and, in general case, something like:: echo 3 > /sys/block/zram0/max_comp_streams - if [ $? -ne 0 ]; + if [ $? -ne 0 ]; then handle_error fi @@ -65,7 +65,8 @@ should suffice. :: modprobe zram num_devices=4 - This creates 4 devices: /dev/zram{0,1,2,3} + +This creates 4 devices: /dev/zram{0,1,2,3} num_devices parameter is optional and tells zram how many devices should be pre-created. Default: 1. @@ -73,12 +74,12 @@ pre-created. Default: 1. 2) Set max number of compression streams ======================================== -Regardless the value passed to this attribute, ZRAM will always -allocate multiple compression streams - one per online CPUs - thus +Regardless of the value passed to this attribute, ZRAM will always +allocate multiple compression streams - one per online CPU - thus allowing several concurrent compression operations. The number of allocated compression streams goes down when some of the CPUs become offline. There is no single-compression-stream mode anymore, -unless you are running a UP system or has only 1 CPU online. +unless you are running a UP system or have only 1 CPU online. To find out how many streams are currently available:: @@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ To find out how many streams are currently available:: Using comp_algorithm device attribute one can see available and currently selected (shown in square brackets) compression algorithms, -change selected compression algorithm (once the device is initialised +or change the selected compression algorithm (once the device is initialised there is no way to change compression algorithm). Examples:: @@ -167,9 +168,9 @@ Examples:: zram provides a control interface, which enables dynamic (on-demand) device addition and removal. -In order to add a new /dev/zramX device, perform read operation on hot_add -attribute. This will return either new device's device id (meaning that you -can use /dev/zram<id>) or error code. +In order to add a new /dev/zramX device, perform a read operation on the hot_add +attribute. This will return either the new device's device id (meaning that you +can use /dev/zram<id>) or an error code. Example:: @@ -186,8 +187,8 @@ execute:: Per-device statistics are exported as various nodes under /sys/block/zram<id>/ -A brief description of exported device attributes. For more details please -read Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram. +A brief description of exported device attributes follows. For more details +please read Documentation/ABI/testing/sysfs-block-zram. ====================== ====== =============================================== Name access description @@ -245,7 +246,7 @@ whitespace: File /sys/block/zram<id>/mm_stat -The stat file represents device's mm statistics. It consists of a single +The mm_stat file represents the device's mm statistics. It consists of a single line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace: ================ ============================================================= @@ -261,7 +262,7 @@ line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace: Unit: bytes mem_limit the maximum amount of memory ZRAM can use to store the compressed data - mem_used_max the maximum amount of memory zram have consumed to + mem_used_max the maximum amount of memory zram has consumed to store the data same_pages the number of same element filled pages written to this disk. No memory is allocated for such pages. @@ -271,7 +272,7 @@ line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace: File /sys/block/zram<id>/bd_stat -The stat file represents device's backing device statistics. It consists of +The bd_stat file represents a device's backing device statistics. It consists of a single line of text and contains the following stats separated by whitespace: ============== ============================================================= @@ -316,9 +317,9 @@ To use the feature, admin should set up backing device via:: echo /dev/sda5 > /sys/block/zramX/backing_dev before disksize setting. It supports only partition at this moment. -If admin want to use incompressible page writeback, they could do via:: +If admin wants to use incompressible page writeback, they could do via:: - echo huge > /sys/block/zramX/write + echo huge > /sys/block/zramX/writeback To use idle page writeback, first, user need to declare zram pages as idle:: @@ -326,7 +327,7 @@ as idle:: echo all > /sys/block/zramX/idle From now on, any pages on zram are idle pages. The idle mark -will be removed until someone request access of the block. +will be removed until someone requests access of the block. IOW, unless there is access request, those pages are still idle pages. Admin can request writeback of those idle pages at right timing via:: @@ -341,16 +342,16 @@ to guarantee storage health for entire product life. To overcome the concern, zram supports "writeback_limit" feature. The "writeback_limit_enable"'s default value is 0 so that it doesn't limit -any writeback. IOW, if admin want to apply writeback budget, he should +any writeback. IOW, if admin wants to apply writeback budget, he should enable writeback_limit_enable via:: $ echo 1 > /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit_enable Once writeback_limit_enable is set, zram doesn't allow any writeback -until admin set the budget via /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit. +until admin sets the budget via /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit. (If admin doesn't enable writeback_limit_enable, writeback_limit's value -assigned via /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit is meaninless.) +assigned via /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit is meaningless.) If admin want to limit writeback as per-day 400M, he could do it like below:: @@ -361,13 +362,13 @@ like below:: /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit. $ echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit_enable -If admin want to allow further write again once the bugdet is exausted, +If admins want to allow further write again once the bugdet is exhausted, he could do it like below:: $ echo $((400<<MB_SHIFT>>4K_SHIFT)) > \ /sys/block/zram0/writeback_limit -If admin want to see remaining writeback budget since he set:: +If admin wants to see remaining writeback budget since last set:: $ cat /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit @@ -375,12 +376,12 @@ If admin want to disable writeback limit, he could do:: $ echo 0 > /sys/block/zramX/writeback_limit_enable -The writeback_limit count will reset whenever you reset zram(e.g., +The writeback_limit count will reset whenever you reset zram (e.g., system reboot, echo 1 > /sys/block/zramX/reset) so keeping how many of writeback happened until you reset the zram to allocate extra writeback budget in next setting is user's job. -If admin want to measure writeback count in a certain period, he could +If admin wants to measure writeback count in a certain period, he could know it via /sys/block/zram0/bd_stat's 3rd column. memory tracking diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst index f6344675e395..695a2ea1d1ae 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/device-mapper/dm-raid.rst @@ -419,3 +419,5 @@ Version History rebuild errors. 1.15.0 Fix size extensions not being synchronized in case of new MD bitmap pages allocated; also fix those not occuring after previous reductions + 1.15.1 Fix argument count and arguments for rebuild/write_mostly/journal_(dev|mode) + on the status line. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst index 9bc93f0ce0c9..9443fcef1876 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/ext4.rst @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@ Currently Available * efficient new ordered mode in JBD2 and ext4 (avoid using buffer head to force the ordering) * Case-insensitive file name lookups +* file-based encryption support (fscrypt) +* file-based verity support (fsverity) [1] Filesystems with a block size of 1k may see a limit imposed by the directory hash tree having a maximum depth of two. diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst index 4405b7485312..4433f3929481 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/index.rst @@ -76,6 +76,7 @@ configure specific aspects of kernel behavior to your liking. device-mapper/index efi-stub ext4 + nfs/index gpio/index highuid hw_random diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt index ec92120a7952..ddc5ccdd4cd1 100644 --- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt @@ -834,6 +834,18 @@ dump out devices still on the deferred probe list after retrying. + dfltcc= [HW,S390] + Format: { on | off | def_only | inf_only | always } + on: s390 zlib hardware support for compression on + level 1 and decompression (default) + off: No s390 zlib hardware support + def_only: s390 zlib hardware support for deflate + only (compression on level 1) + inf_only: s390 zlib hardware support for inflate + only (decompression) + always: Same as 'on' but ignores the selected compression + level always using hardware support (used for debugging) + dhash_entries= [KNL] Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/fault_injection.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/fault_injection.rst index f3a5b0a8ac05..eb029c0c15ce 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/fault_injection.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/fault_injection.rst @@ -1,6 +1,7 @@ +=================== +NFS Fault Injection +=================== -Fault Injection -=============== Fault injection is a method for forcing errors that may not normally occur, or may be difficult to reproduce. Forcing these errors in a controlled environment can help the developer find and fix bugs before their code is shipped in a diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/index.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/index.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..6b5a3c90fac5 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/index.rst @@ -0,0 +1,15 @@ +============= +NFS +============= + +.. toctree:: + :maxdepth: 1 + + nfs-client + nfsroot + nfs-rdma + nfsd-admin-interfaces + nfs-idmapper + pnfs-block-server + pnfs-scsi-server + fault_injection diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-client.rst index f2571c8bef74..c4b777c7584b 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfs.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-client.rst @@ -1,3 +1,6 @@ +========== +NFS Client +========== The NFS client ============== @@ -59,10 +62,11 @@ The DNS resolver NFSv4 allows for one server to refer the NFS client to data that has been migrated onto another server by means of the special "fs_locations" -attribute. See - http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3530#section-6 -and - http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-nfsv4-referrals-00 +attribute. See `RFC3530 Section 6: Filesystem Migration and Replication`_ and +`Implementation Guide for Referrals in NFSv4`_. + +.. _RFC3530 Section 6\: Filesystem Migration and Replication: http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3530#section-6 +.. _Implementation Guide for Referrals in NFSv4: http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-nfsv4-referrals-00 The fs_locations information can take the form of either an ip address and a path, or a DNS hostname and a path. The latter requires the NFS client to @@ -78,8 +82,8 @@ Assuming that the user has the 'rpc_pipefs' filesystem mounted in the usual (2) If no valid entry exists, the helper script '/sbin/nfs_cache_getent' (may be changed using the 'nfs.cache_getent' kernel boot parameter) is run, with two arguments: - - the cache name, "dns_resolve" - - the hostname to resolve + - the cache name, "dns_resolve" + - the hostname to resolve (3) After looking up the corresponding ip address, the helper script writes the result into the rpc_pipefs pseudo-file @@ -94,43 +98,44 @@ Assuming that the user has the 'rpc_pipefs' filesystem mounted in the usual script, and <ttl> is the 'time to live' of this cache entry (in units of seconds). - Note: If <ip address> is invalid, say the string "0", then a negative - entry is created, which will cause the kernel to treat the hostname - as having no valid DNS translation. + .. note:: + If <ip address> is invalid, say the string "0", then a negative + entry is created, which will cause the kernel to treat the hostname + as having no valid DNS translation. A basic sample /sbin/nfs_cache_getent ===================================== - -#!/bin/bash -# -ttl=600 -# -cut=/usr/bin/cut -getent=/usr/bin/getent -rpc_pipefs=/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs -# -die() -{ - echo "Usage: $0 cache_name entry_name" - exit 1 -} - -[ $# -lt 2 ] && die -cachename="$1" -cache_path=${rpc_pipefs}/cache/${cachename}/channel - -case "${cachename}" in - dns_resolve) - name="$2" - result="$(${getent} hosts ${name} | ${cut} -f1 -d\ )" - [ -z "${result}" ] && result="0" - ;; - *) - die - ;; -esac -echo "${result} ${name} ${ttl}" >${cache_path} - +.. code-block:: sh + + #!/bin/bash + # + ttl=600 + # + cut=/usr/bin/cut + getent=/usr/bin/getent + rpc_pipefs=/var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs + # + die() + { + echo "Usage: $0 cache_name entry_name" + exit 1 + } + + [ $# -lt 2 ] && die + cachename="$1" + cache_path=${rpc_pipefs}/cache/${cachename}/channel + + case "${cachename}" in + dns_resolve) + name="$2" + result="$(${getent} hosts ${name} | ${cut} -f1 -d\ )" + [ -z "${result}" ] && result="0" + ;; + *) + die + ;; + esac + echo "${result} ${name} ${ttl}" >${cache_path} diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/idmapper.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-idmapper.rst index b86831acd583..58b8e63412d5 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/idmapper.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-idmapper.rst @@ -1,7 +1,7 @@ +============= +NFS ID Mapper +============= -========= -ID Mapper -========= Id mapper is used by NFS to translate user and group ids into names, and to translate user and group names into ids. Part of this translation involves performing an upcall to userspace to request the information. There are two @@ -20,22 +20,24 @@ legacy rpc.idmap daemon for the id mapping. This result will be stored in a custom NFS idmap cache. -=========== Configuring =========== + The file /etc/request-key.conf will need to be modified so /sbin/request-key can direct the upcall. The following line should be added: -#OP TYPE DESCRIPTION CALLOUT INFO PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ... -#====== ======= =============== =============== =============================== -create id_resolver * * /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap %k %d 600 +``#OP TYPE DESCRIPTION CALLOUT INFO PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ...`` +``#====== ======= =============== =============== ===============================`` +``create id_resolver * * /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap %k %d 600`` + This will direct all id_resolver requests to the program /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap. The last parameter, 600, defines how many seconds into the future the key will expire. This parameter is optional for /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap. When the timeout is not specified, nfs.idmap will default to 600 seconds. -id mapper uses for key descriptions: +id mapper uses for key descriptions:: + uid: Find the UID for the given user gid: Find the GID for the given group user: Find the user name for the given UID @@ -45,23 +47,24 @@ You can handle any of these individually, rather than using the generic upcall program. If you would like to use your own program for a uid lookup then you would edit your request-key.conf so it look similar to this: -#OP TYPE DESCRIPTION CALLOUT INFO PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ... -#====== ======= =============== =============== =============================== -create id_resolver uid:* * /some/other/program %k %d 600 -create id_resolver * * /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap %k %d 600 +``#OP TYPE DESCRIPTION CALLOUT INFO PROGRAM ARG1 ARG2 ARG3 ...`` +``#====== ======= =============== =============== ===============================`` +``create id_resolver uid:* * /some/other/program %k %d 600`` +``create id_resolver * * /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap %k %d 600`` + Notice that the new line was added above the line for the generic program. request-key will find the first matching line and corresponding program. In this case, /some/other/program will handle all uid lookups and /usr/sbin/nfs.idmap will handle gid, user, and group lookups. -See <file:Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst> for more information +See Documentation/security/keys/request-key.rst for more information about the request-key function. -========= nfs.idmap ========= + nfs.idmap is designed to be called by request-key, and should not be run "by hand". This program takes two arguments, a serialized key and a key description. The serialized key is first converted into a key_serial_t, and diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-rdma.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-rdma.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..ef0f3678b1fb --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfs-rdma.rst @@ -0,0 +1,292 @@ +=================== +Setting up NFS/RDMA +=================== + +:Author: + NetApp and Open Grid Computing (May 29, 2008) + +.. warning:: + This document is probably obsolete. + +Overview +======== + +This document describes how to install and setup the Linux NFS/RDMA client +and server software. + +The NFS/RDMA client was first included in Linux 2.6.24. The NFS/RDMA server +was first included in the following release, Linux 2.6.25. + +In our testing, we have obtained excellent performance results (full 10Gbit +wire bandwidth at minimal client CPU) under many workloads. The code passes +the full Connectathon test suite and operates over both Infiniband and iWARP +RDMA adapters. + +Getting Help +============ + +If you get stuck, you can ask questions on the +nfs-rdma-devel@lists.sourceforge.net mailing list. + +Installation +============ + +These instructions are a step by step guide to building a machine for +use with NFS/RDMA. + +- Install an RDMA device + + Any device supported by the drivers in drivers/infiniband/hw is acceptable. + + Testing has been performed using several Mellanox-based IB cards, the + Ammasso AMS1100 iWARP adapter, and the Chelsio cxgb3 iWARP adapter. + +- Install a Linux distribution and tools + + The first kernel release to contain both the NFS/RDMA client and server was + Linux 2.6.25 Therefore, a distribution compatible with this and subsequent + Linux kernel release should be installed. + + The procedures described in this document have been tested with + distributions from Red Hat's Fedora Project (http://fedora.redhat.com/). + +- Install nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater on the client + + An NFS/RDMA mount point can be obtained by using the mount.nfs command in + nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater (nfs-utils-1.1.1 was the first nfs-utils + version with support for NFS/RDMA mounts, but for various reasons we + recommend using nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater). To see which version of + mount.nfs you are using, type: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ /sbin/mount.nfs -V + + If the version is less than 1.1.2 or the command does not exist, + you should install the latest version of nfs-utils. + + Download the latest package from: http://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/utils/nfs + + Uncompress the package and follow the installation instructions. + + If you will not need the idmapper and gssd executables (you do not need + these to create an NFS/RDMA enabled mount command), the installation + process can be simplified by disabling these features when running + configure: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ ./configure --disable-gss --disable-nfsv4 + + To build nfs-utils you will need the tcp_wrappers package installed. For + more information on this see the package's README and INSTALL files. + + After building the nfs-utils package, there will be a mount.nfs binary in + the utils/mount directory. This binary can be used to initiate NFS v2, v3, + or v4 mounts. To initiate a v4 mount, the binary must be called + mount.nfs4. The standard technique is to create a symlink called + mount.nfs4 to mount.nfs. + + This mount.nfs binary should be installed at /sbin/mount.nfs as follows: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ sudo cp utils/mount/mount.nfs /sbin/mount.nfs + + In this location, mount.nfs will be invoked automatically for NFS mounts + by the system mount command. + + .. note:: + mount.nfs and therefore nfs-utils-1.1.2 or greater is only needed + on the NFS client machine. You do not need this specific version of + nfs-utils on the server. Furthermore, only the mount.nfs command from + nfs-utils-1.1.2 is needed on the client. + +- Install a Linux kernel with NFS/RDMA + + The NFS/RDMA client and server are both included in the mainline Linux + kernel version 2.6.25 and later. This and other versions of the Linux + kernel can be found at: https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/ + + Download the sources and place them in an appropriate location. + +- Configure the RDMA stack + + Make sure your kernel configuration has RDMA support enabled. Under + Device Drivers -> InfiniBand support, update the kernel configuration + to enable InfiniBand support [NOTE: the option name is misleading. Enabling + InfiniBand support is required for all RDMA devices (IB, iWARP, etc.)]. + + Enable the appropriate IB HCA support (mlx4, mthca, ehca, ipath, etc.) or + iWARP adapter support (amso, cxgb3, etc.). + + If you are using InfiniBand, be sure to enable IP-over-InfiniBand support. + +- Configure the NFS client and server + + Your kernel configuration must also have NFS file system support and/or + NFS server support enabled. These and other NFS related configuration + options can be found under File Systems -> Network File Systems. + +- Build, install, reboot + + The NFS/RDMA code will be enabled automatically if NFS and RDMA + are turned on. The NFS/RDMA client and server are configured via the hidden + SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA config option that depends on SUNRPC and INFINIBAND. The + value of SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA will be: + + #. N if either SUNRPC or INFINIBAND are N, in this case the NFS/RDMA client + and server will not be built + + #. M if both SUNRPC and INFINIBAND are on (M or Y) and at least one is M, + in this case the NFS/RDMA client and server will be built as modules + + #. Y if both SUNRPC and INFINIBAND are Y, in this case the NFS/RDMA client + and server will be built into the kernel + + Therefore, if you have followed the steps above and turned no NFS and RDMA, + the NFS/RDMA client and server will be built. + + Build a new kernel, install it, boot it. + +Check RDMA and NFS Setup +======================== + +Before configuring the NFS/RDMA software, it is a good idea to test +your new kernel to ensure that the kernel is working correctly. +In particular, it is a good idea to verify that the RDMA stack +is functioning as expected and standard NFS over TCP/IP and/or UDP/IP +is working properly. + +- Check RDMA Setup + + If you built the RDMA components as modules, load them at + this time. For example, if you are using a Mellanox Tavor/Sinai/Arbel + card: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ modprobe ib_mthca + $ modprobe ib_ipoib + + If you are using InfiniBand, make sure there is a Subnet Manager (SM) + running on the network. If your IB switch has an embedded SM, you can + use it. Otherwise, you will need to run an SM, such as OpenSM, on one + of your end nodes. + + If an SM is running on your network, you should see the following: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ cat /sys/class/infiniband/driverX/ports/1/state + 4: ACTIVE + + where driverX is mthca0, ipath5, ehca3, etc. + + To further test the InfiniBand software stack, use IPoIB (this + assumes you have two IB hosts named host1 and host2): + + .. code-block:: sh + + host1$ ip link set dev ib0 up + host1$ ip address add dev ib0 a.b.c.x + host2$ ip link set dev ib0 up + host2$ ip address add dev ib0 a.b.c.y + host1$ ping a.b.c.y + host2$ ping a.b.c.x + + For other device types, follow the appropriate procedures. + +- Check NFS Setup + + For the NFS components enabled above (client and/or server), + test their functionality over standard Ethernet using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. + +NFS/RDMA Setup +============== + +We recommend that you use two machines, one to act as the client and +one to act as the server. + +One time configuration: +----------------------- + +- On the server system, configure the /etc/exports file and start the NFS/RDMA server. + + Exports entries with the following formats have been tested:: + + /vol0 192.168.0.47(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash) + /vol0 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(fsid=0,rw,async,insecure,no_root_squash) + + The IP address(es) is(are) the client's IPoIB address for an InfiniBand + HCA or the client's iWARP address(es) for an RNIC. + + .. note:: + The "insecure" option must be used because the NFS/RDMA client does + not use a reserved port. + +Each time a machine boots: +-------------------------- + +- Load and configure the RDMA drivers + + For InfiniBand using a Mellanox adapter: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ modprobe ib_mthca + $ modprobe ib_ipoib + $ ip li set dev ib0 up + $ ip addr add dev ib0 a.b.c.d + + .. note:: + Please use unique addresses for the client and server! + +- Start the NFS server + + If the NFS/RDMA server was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in + kernel config), load the RDMA transport module: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ modprobe svcrdma + + Regardless of how the server was built (module or built-in), start the + server: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ /etc/init.d/nfs start + + or + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ service nfs start + + Instruct the server to listen on the RDMA transport: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ echo rdma 20049 > /proc/fs/nfsd/portlist + +- On the client system + + If the NFS/RDMA client was built as a module (CONFIG_SUNRPC_XPRT_RDMA=m in + kernel config), load the RDMA client module: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ modprobe xprtrdma.ko + + Regardless of how the client was built (module or built-in), use this + command to mount the NFS/RDMA server: + + .. code-block:: sh + + $ mount -o rdma,port=20049 <IPoIB-server-name-or-address>:/<export> /mnt + + To verify that the mount is using RDMA, run "cat /proc/mounts" and check + the "proto" field for the given mount. + + Congratulations! You're using NFS/RDMA! diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsd-admin-interfaces.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfsd-admin-interfaces.rst index 56a96fb08a73..c05926f79054 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsd-admin-interfaces.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfsd-admin-interfaces.rst @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@ +================================== Administrative interfaces for nfsd -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +================================== Note that normally these interfaces are used only by the utilities in nfs-utils. @@ -13,18 +14,16 @@ nfsd/threads. Before doing that, NFSD can be told which sockets to listen on by writing to nfsd/portlist; that write may be: - - an ascii-encoded file descriptor, which should refer to a - bound (and listening, for tcp) socket, or - - "transportname port", where transportname is currently either - "udp", "tcp", or "rdma". + - an ascii-encoded file descriptor, which should refer to a + bound (and listening, for tcp) socket, or + - "transportname port", where transportname is currently either + "udp", "tcp", or "rdma". If nfsd is started without doing any of these, then it will create one udp and one tcp listener at port 2049 (see nfsd_init_socks). -On startup, nfsd and lockd grace periods start. - -nfsd is shut down by a write of 0 to nfsd/threads. All locks and state -are thrown away at that point. +On startup, nfsd and lockd grace periods start. nfsd is shut down by a write of +0 to nfsd/threads. All locks and state are thrown away at that point. Between startup and shutdown, the number of threads may be adjusted up or down by additional writes to nfsd/threads or by writes to @@ -34,7 +33,7 @@ For more detail about files under nfsd/ and what they control, see fs/nfsd/nfsctl.c; most of them have detailed comments. Implementation notes -^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ +==================== Note that the rpc server requires the caller to serialize addition and removal of listening sockets, and startup and shutdown of the server. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfsroot.rst index ae4332464560..82a4fda057f9 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/nfsroot.rst @@ -1,27 +1,34 @@ +=============================================== Mounting the root filesystem via NFS (nfsroot) =============================================== -Written 1996 by Gero Kuhlmann <gero@gkminix.han.de> -Updated 1997 by Martin Mares <mj@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz> -Updated 2006 by Nico Schottelius <nico-kernel-nfsroot@schottelius.org> -Updated 2006 by Horms <horms@verge.net.au> -Updated 2018 by Chris Novakovic <chris@chrisn.me.uk> +:Authors: + Written 1996 by Gero Kuhlmann <gero@gkminix.han.de> + + Updated 1997 by Martin Mares <mj@atrey.karlin.mff.cuni.cz> + + Updated 2006 by Nico Schottelius <nico-kernel-nfsroot@schottelius.org> + + Updated 2006 by Horms <horms@verge.net.au> + Updated 2018 by Chris Novakovic <chris@chrisn.me.uk> -In order to use a diskless system, such as an X-terminal or printer server -for example, it is necessary for the root filesystem to be present on a -non-disk device. This may be an initramfs (see Documentation/filesystems/ -ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt), a ramdisk (see Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst) or a -filesystem mounted via NFS. The following text describes on how to use NFS -for the root filesystem. For the rest of this text 'client' means the -diskless system, and 'server' means the NFS server. +In order to use a diskless system, such as an X-terminal or printer server for +example, it is necessary for the root filesystem to be present on a non-disk +device. This may be an initramfs (see +Documentation/filesystems/ramfs-rootfs-initramfs.txt), a ramdisk (see +Documentation/admin-guide/initrd.rst) or a filesystem mounted via NFS. The +following text describes on how to use NFS for the root filesystem. For the rest +of this text 'client' means the diskless system, and 'server' means the NFS +server. -1.) Enabling nfsroot capabilities - ----------------------------- + +Enabling nfsroot capabilities +============================= In order to use nfsroot, NFS client support needs to be selected as built-in during configuration. Once this has been selected, the nfsroot @@ -34,8 +41,8 @@ DHCP, BOOTP and RARP is safe. -2.) Kernel command line - ------------------- +Kernel command line +=================== When the kernel has been loaded by a boot loader (see below) it needs to be told what root fs device to use. And in the case of nfsroot, where to find @@ -44,19 +51,17 @@ This can be established using the following kernel command line parameters: root=/dev/nfs - This is necessary to enable the pseudo-NFS-device. Note that it's not a real device but just a synonym to tell the kernel to use NFS instead of a real device. nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] - If the `nfsroot' parameter is NOT given on the command line, - the default "/tftpboot/%s" will be used. + the default ``"/tftpboot/%s"`` will be used. <server-ip> Specifies the IP address of the NFS server. - The default address is determined by the `ip' parameter + The default address is determined by the ip parameter (see below). This parameter allows the use of different servers for IP autoconfiguration and NFS. @@ -66,7 +71,8 @@ nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] IP address. <nfs-options> Standard NFS options. All options are separated by commas. - The following defaults are used: + The following defaults are used:: + port = as given by server portmap daemon rsize = 4096 wsize = 4096 @@ -79,13 +85,11 @@ nfsroot=[<server-ip>:]<root-dir>[,<nfs-options>] flags = hard, nointr, noposix, cto, ac -ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>: - <dns0-ip>:<dns1-ip>:<ntp0-ip> - +ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>:<dns0-ip>:<dns1-ip>:<ntp0-ip> This parameter tells the kernel how to configure IP addresses of devices and also how to set up the IP routing table. It was originally called - `nfsaddrs', but now the boot-time IP configuration works independently of - NFS, so it was renamed to `ip' and the old name remained as an alias for + nfsaddrs, but now the boot-time IP configuration works independently of + NFS, so it was renamed to ip and the old name remained as an alias for compatibility reasons. If this parameter is missing from the kernel command line, all fields are @@ -93,17 +97,17 @@ ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>: this means that the kernel tries to configure everything using autoconfiguration. - The <autoconf> parameter can appear alone as the value to the `ip' + The <autoconf> parameter can appear alone as the value to the ip parameter (without all the ':' characters before). If the value is "ip=off" or "ip=none", no autoconfiguration will take place, otherwise autoconfiguration will take place. The most common way to use this is "ip=dhcp". <client-ip> IP address of the client. - Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. - <server-ip> IP address of the NFS server. If RARP is used to determine + <server-ip> IP address of the NFS server. + If RARP is used to determine the client address and this parameter is NOT empty only replies from the specified server are accepted. @@ -115,19 +119,19 @@ ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>: (see below). Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. - The address of the autoconfiguration server is used. + The address of the autoconfiguration server is used. <gw-ip> IP address of a gateway if the server is on a different subnet. - Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. - <netmask> Netmask for local network interface. If unspecified - the netmask is derived from the client IP address assuming - classful addressing. + <netmask> Netmask for local network interface. + If unspecified the netmask is derived from the client IP address + assuming classful addressing. Default: Determined using autoconfiguration. - <hostname> Name of the client. If a '.' character is present, anything + <hostname> Name of the client. + If a '.' character is present, anything before the first '.' is used as the client's hostname, and anything after it is used as its NIS domain name. May be supplied by autoconfiguration, but its absence will not trigger autoconfiguration. @@ -138,21 +142,21 @@ ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>: Default: Client IP address is used in ASCII notation. <device> Name of network device to use. - Default: If the host only has one device, it is used. - Otherwise the device is determined using - autoconfiguration. This is done by sending - autoconfiguration requests out of all devices, - and using the device that received the first reply. - - <autoconf> Method to use for autoconfiguration. In the case of options - which specify multiple autoconfiguration protocols, + Otherwise the device is determined using + autoconfiguration. This is done by sending + autoconfiguration requests out of all devices, + and using the device that received the first reply. + + <autoconf> Method to use for autoconfiguration. + In the case of options + which specify multiple autoconfiguration protocols, requests are sent using all protocols, and the first one to reply is used. Only autoconfiguration protocols that have been compiled into the kernel will be used, regardless of the value of - this option. + this option:: off or none: don't use autoconfiguration (do static IP assignment instead) @@ -221,7 +225,6 @@ ip=<client-ip>:<server-ip>:<gw-ip>:<netmask>:<hostname>:<device>:<autoconf>: nfsrootdebug - This parameter enables debugging messages to appear in the kernel log at boot time so that administrators can verify that the correct NFS mount options, server address, and root path are passed to the @@ -229,36 +232,32 @@ nfsrootdebug rdinit=<executable file> - To specify which file contains the program that starts system initialization, administrators can use this command line parameter. The default value of this parameter is "/init". If the specified file exists and the kernel can execute it, root filesystem related - kernel command line parameters, including `nfsroot=', are ignored. + kernel command line parameters, including 'nfsroot=', are ignored. A description of the process of mounting the root file system can be - found in: - - Documentation/driver-api/early-userspace/early_userspace_support.rst - - + found in Documentation/driver-api/early-userspace/early_userspace_support.rst -3.) Boot Loader - ---------- +Boot Loader +=========== To get the kernel into memory different approaches can be used. They depend on various facilities being available: -3.1) Booting from a floppy using syslinux +- Booting from a floppy using syslinux When building kernels, an easy way to create a boot floppy that uses syslinux is to use the zdisk or bzdisk make targets which use zimage and bzimage images respectively. Both targets accept the FDARGS parameter which can be used to set the kernel command line. - e.g. + e.g:: + make bzdisk FDARGS="root=/dev/nfs" Note that the user running this command will need to have @@ -267,32 +266,36 @@ They depend on various facilities being available: For more information on syslinux, including how to create bootdisks for prebuilt kernels, see http://syslinux.zytor.com/ - N.B: Previously it was possible to write a kernel directly to - a floppy using dd, configure the boot device using rdev, and - boot using the resulting floppy. Linux no longer supports this - method of booting. + .. note:: + Previously it was possible to write a kernel directly to + a floppy using dd, configure the boot device using rdev, and + boot using the resulting floppy. Linux no longer supports this + method of booting. -3.2) Booting from a cdrom using isolinux +- Booting from a cdrom using isolinux When building kernels, an easy way to create a bootable cdrom that uses isolinux is to use the isoimage target which uses a bzimage image. Like zdisk and bzdisk, this target accepts the FDARGS parameter which can be used to set the kernel command line. - e.g. + e.g:: + make isoimage FDARGS="root=/dev/nfs" The resulting iso image will be arch/<ARCH>/boot/image.iso This can be written to a cdrom using a variety of tools including cdrecord. - e.g. + e.g:: + cdrecord dev=ATAPI:1,0,0 arch/x86/boot/image.iso For more information on isolinux, including how to create bootdisks for prebuilt kernels, see http://syslinux.zytor.com/ -3.2) Using LILO +- Using LILO + When using LILO all the necessary command line parameters may be specified using the 'append=' directive in the LILO configuration file. @@ -300,15 +303,19 @@ They depend on various facilities being available: However, to use the 'root=' directive you also need to create a dummy root device, which may be removed after LILO is run. - mknod /dev/boot255 c 0 255 + e.g:: + + mknod /dev/boot255 c 0 255 For information on configuring LILO, please refer to its documentation. -3.3) Using GRUB +- Using GRUB + When using GRUB, kernel parameter are simply appended after the kernel specification: kernel <kernel> <parameters> -3.4) Using loadlin +- Using loadlin + loadlin may be used to boot Linux from a DOS command prompt without requiring a local hard disk to mount as root. This has not been thoroughly tested by the authors of this document, but in general @@ -317,7 +324,8 @@ They depend on various facilities being available: Please refer to the loadlin documentation for further information. -3.5) Using a boot ROM +- Using a boot ROM + This is probably the most elegant way of booting a diskless client. With a boot ROM the kernel is loaded using the TFTP protocol. The authors of this document are not aware of any no commercial boot @@ -326,7 +334,8 @@ They depend on various facilities being available: etherboot, both of which are available on sunsite.unc.edu, and both of which contain everything you need to boot a diskless Linux client. -3.6) Using pxelinux +- Using pxelinux + Pxelinux may be used to boot linux using the PXE boot loader which is present on many modern network cards. @@ -342,8 +351,8 @@ They depend on various facilities being available: -4.) Credits - ------- +Credits +======= The nfsroot code in the kernel and the RARP support have been written by Gero Kuhlmann <gero@gkminix.han.de>. diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/pnfs-block-server.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/pnfs-block-server.rst index 2143673cf154..b00a2e705cc4 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/pnfs-block-server.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/pnfs-block-server.rst @@ -1,4 +1,6 @@ +=================================== pNFS block layout server user guide +=================================== The Linux NFS server now supports the pNFS block layout extension. In this case the NFS server acts as Metadata Server (MDS) for pNFS, which in addition @@ -22,16 +24,19 @@ If the nfsd server needs to fence a non-responding client it calls /sbin/nfsd-recall-failed with the first argument set to the IP address of the client, and the second argument set to the device node without the /dev prefix for the file system to be fenced. Below is an example file that shows -how to translate the device into a serial number from SCSI EVPD 0x80: +how to translate the device into a serial number from SCSI EVPD 0x80:: -cat > /sbin/nfsd-recall-failed << EOF -#!/bin/sh + cat > /sbin/nfsd-recall-failed << EOF -CLIENT="$1" -DEV="/dev/$2" -EVPD=`sg_inq --page=0x80 ${DEV} | \ - grep "Unit serial number:" | \ - awk -F ': ' '{print $2}'` +.. code-block:: sh -echo "fencing client ${CLIENT} serial ${EVPD}" >> /var/log/pnfsd-fence.log -EOF + #!/bin/sh + + CLIENT="$1" + DEV="/dev/$2" + EVPD=`sg_inq --page=0x80 ${DEV} | \ + grep "Unit serial number:" | \ + awk -F ': ' '{print $2}'` + + echo "fencing client ${CLIENT} serial ${EVPD}" >> /var/log/pnfsd-fence.log + EOF diff --git a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/pnfs-scsi-server.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/pnfs-scsi-server.rst index 5bef7268bd9f..d2f6ee558071 100644 --- a/Documentation/filesystems/nfs/pnfs-scsi-server.txt +++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/nfs/pnfs-scsi-server.rst @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ +================================== pNFS SCSI layout server user guide ================================== |