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-ALSA PCM channel-mapping API
-============================
-					Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
-
-GENERAL
--------
-
-The channel mapping API allows user to query the possible channel maps
-and the current channel map, also optionally to modify the channel map
-of the current stream.
-
-A channel map is an array of position for each PCM channel.
-Typically, a stereo PCM stream has a channel map of
-  { front_left, front_right }
-while a 4.0 surround PCM stream has a channel map of
-  { front left, front right, rear left, rear right }.
-
-The problem, so far, was that we had no standard channel map
-explicitly, and applications had no way to know which channel
-corresponds to which (speaker) position.  Thus, applications applied
-wrong channels for 5.1 outputs, and you hear suddenly strange sound
-from rear.  Or, some devices secretly assume that center/LFE is the
-third/fourth channels while others that C/LFE as 5th/6th channels.
-
-Also, some devices such as HDMI are configurable for different speaker
-positions even with the same number of total channels.  However, there
-was no way to specify this because of lack of channel map
-specification.  These are the main motivations for the new channel
-mapping API.
-
-
-DESIGN
-------
-
-Actually, "the channel mapping API" doesn't introduce anything new in
-the kernel/user-space ABI perspective.  It uses only the existing
-control element features.
-
-As a ground design, each PCM substream may contain a control element
-providing the channel mapping information and configuration.  This
-element is specified by:
-	iface = SNDRV_CTL_ELEM_IFACE_PCM
-	name = "Playback Channel Map" or "Capture Channel Map"
-	device = the same device number for the assigned PCM substream
-	index = the same index number for the assigned PCM substream
-
-Note the name is different depending on the PCM substream direction.
-
-Each control element provides at least the TLV read operation and the
-read operation.  Optionally, the write operation can be provided to
-allow user to change the channel map dynamically.
-
-* TLV
-
-The TLV operation gives the list of available channel
-maps.  A list item of a channel map is usually a TLV of
-	type data-bytes ch0 ch1 ch2...
-where type is the TLV type value, the second argument is the total
-bytes (not the numbers) of channel values, and the rest are the
-position value for each channel.
-
-As a TLV type, either SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_CHMAP_FIXED,
-SNDRV_CTL_TLV_CHMAP_VAR or SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_CHMAP_PAIRED can be used.
-The _FIXED type is for a channel map with the fixed channel position
-while the latter two are for flexible channel positions.  _VAR type is
-for a channel map where all channels are freely swappable and _PAIRED
-type is where pair-wise channels are swappable.  For example, when you
-have {FL/FR/RL/RR} channel map, _PAIRED type would allow you to swap
-only {RL/RR/FL/FR} while _VAR type would allow even swapping FL and
-RR.
-
-These new TLV types are defined in sound/tlv.h.
-
-The available channel position values are defined in sound/asound.h,
-here is a cut:
-
-/* channel positions */
-enum {
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_UNKNOWN = 0,
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_NA,		/* N/A, silent */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_MONO,	/* mono stream */
-	/* this follows the alsa-lib mixer channel value + 3 */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FL,		/* front left */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FR,		/* front right */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_RL,		/* rear left */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_RR,		/* rear right */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FC,		/* front center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_LFE,	/* LFE */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_SL,		/* side left */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_SR,		/* side right */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_RC,		/* rear center */
-	/* new definitions */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FLC,	/* front left center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FRC,	/* front right center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_RLC,	/* rear left center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_RRC,	/* rear right center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FLW,	/* front left wide */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FRW,	/* front right wide */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FLH,	/* front left high */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FCH,	/* front center high */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_FRH,	/* front right high */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TC,		/* top center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TFL,	/* top front left */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TFR,	/* top front right */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TFC,	/* top front center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TRL,	/* top rear left */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TRR,	/* top rear right */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_TRC,	/* top rear center */
-	SNDRV_CHMAP_LAST = SNDRV_CHMAP_TRC,
-};
-
-When a PCM stream can provide more than one channel map, you can
-provide multiple channel maps in a TLV container type.  The TLV data
-to be returned will contain such as:
-	SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_CONTAINER 96
-	    SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_CHMAP_FIXED 4 SNDRV_CHMAP_FC
-	    SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_CHMAP_FIXED 8 SNDRV_CHMAP_FL SNDRV_CHMAP_FR
-	    SNDRV_CTL_TLVT_CHMAP_FIXED 16 NDRV_CHMAP_FL SNDRV_CHMAP_FR \
-		SNDRV_CHMAP_RL SNDRV_CHMAP_RR
-
-The channel position is provided in LSB 16bits.  The upper bits are
-used for bit flags.
-
-#define SNDRV_CHMAP_POSITION_MASK	0xffff
-#define SNDRV_CHMAP_PHASE_INVERSE	(0x01 << 16)
-#define SNDRV_CHMAP_DRIVER_SPEC		(0x02 << 16)
-
-SNDRV_CHMAP_PHASE_INVERSE indicates the channel is phase inverted,
-(thus summing left and right channels would result in almost silence).
-Some digital mic devices have this.
-
-When SNDRV_CHMAP_DRIVER_SPEC is set, all the channel position values
-don't follow the standard definition above but driver-specific.
-
-* READ OPERATION
-
-The control read operation is for providing the current channel map of
-the given stream.  The control element returns an integer array
-containing the position of each channel.
-
-When this is performed before the number of the channel is specified
-(i.e. hw_params is set), it should return all channels set to
-UNKNOWN.
-
-* WRITE OPERATION
-
-The control write operation is optional, and only for devices that can
-change the channel configuration on the fly, such as HDMI.  User needs
-to pass an integer value containing the valid channel positions for
-all channels of the assigned PCM substream.
-
-This operation is allowed only at PCM PREPARED state.  When called in
-other states, it shall return an error.