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Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/vm/page_migration')
| -rw-r--r-- | Documentation/vm/page_migration | 114 |
1 files changed, 43 insertions, 71 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/vm/page_migration b/Documentation/vm/page_migration index 0dd4ef30c361..99f89aa10169 100644 --- a/Documentation/vm/page_migration +++ b/Documentation/vm/page_migration @@ -26,8 +26,13 @@ a process are located. See also the numa_maps manpage in the numactl package. Manual migration is useful if for example the scheduler has relocated a process to a processor on a distant node. A batch scheduler or an administrator may detect the situation and move the pages of the process -nearer to the new processor. At some point in the future we may have -some mechanism in the scheduler that will automatically move the pages. +nearer to the new processor. The kernel itself does only provide +manual page migration support. Automatic page migration may be implemented +through user space processes that move pages. A special function call +"move_pages" allows the moving of individual pages within a process. +A NUMA profiler may f.e. obtain a log showing frequent off node +accesses and may use the result to move pages to more advantageous +locations. Larger installations usually partition the system using cpusets into sections of nodes. Paul Jackson has equipped cpusets with the ability to @@ -62,22 +67,14 @@ A. In kernel use of migrate_pages() It also prevents the swapper or other scans to encounter the page. -2. Generate a list of newly allocates page. These pages will contain the - contents of the pages from the first list after page migration is - complete. +2. We need to have a function of type new_page_t that can be + passed to migrate_pages(). This function should figure out + how to allocate the correct new page given the old page. 3. The migrate_pages() function is called which attempts - to do the migration. It returns the moved pages in the - list specified as the third parameter and the failed - migrations in the fourth parameter. The first parameter - will contain the pages that could still be retried. - -4. The leftover pages of various types are returned - to the LRU using putback_to_lru_pages() or otherwise - disposed of. The pages will still have the refcount as - increased by isolate_lru_pages() if putback_to_lru_pages() is not - used! The kernel may want to handle the various cases of failures in - different ways. + to do the migration. It will call the function to allocate + the new page for each page that is considered for + moving. B. How migrate_pages() works ---------------------------- @@ -93,83 +90,58 @@ Steps: 2. Insure that writeback is complete. -3. Make sure that the page has assigned swap cache entry if - it is an anonyous page. The swap cache reference is necessary - to preserve the information contain in the page table maps while - page migration occurs. - -4. Prep the new page that we want to move to. It is locked +3. Prep the new page that we want to move to. It is locked and set to not being uptodate so that all accesses to the new page immediately lock while the move is in progress. -5. All the page table references to the page are either dropped (file - backed pages) or converted to swap references (anonymous pages). - This should decrease the reference count. +4. The new page is prepped with some settings from the old page so that + accesses to the new page will discover a page with the correct settings. + +5. All the page table references to the page are converted + to migration entries or dropped (nonlinear vmas). + This decrease the mapcount of a page. If the resulting + mapcount is not zero then we do not migrate the page. + All user space processes that attempt to access the page + will now wait on the page lock. 6. The radix tree lock is taken. This will cause all processes trying - to reestablish a pte to block on the radix tree spinlock. + to access the page via the mapping to block on the radix tree spinlock. 7. The refcount of the page is examined and we back out if references remain otherwise we know that we are the only one referencing this page. 8. The radix tree is checked and if it does not contain the pointer to this - page then we back out because someone else modified the mapping first. - -9. The mapping is checked. If the mapping is gone then a truncate action may - be in progress and we back out. - -10. The new page is prepped with some settings from the old page so that - accesses to the new page will be discovered to have the correct settings. + page then we back out because someone else modified the radix tree. -11. The radix tree is changed to point to the new page. +9. The radix tree is changed to point to the new page. -12. The reference count of the old page is dropped because the radix tree - reference is gone. +10. The reference count of the old page is dropped because the radix tree + reference is gone. A reference to the new page is established because + the new page is referenced to by the radix tree. -13. The radix tree lock is dropped. With that lookups become possible again - and other processes will move from spinning on the tree lock to sleeping on - the locked new page. +11. The radix tree lock is dropped. With that lookups in the mapping + become possible again. Processes will move from spinning on the tree_lock + to sleeping on the locked new page. -14. The page contents are copied to the new page. +12. The page contents are copied to the new page. -15. The remaining page flags are copied to the new page. +13. The remaining page flags are copied to the new page. -16. The old page flags are cleared to indicate that the page does - not use any information anymore. +14. The old page flags are cleared to indicate that the page does + not provide any information anymore. -17. Queued up writeback on the new page is triggered. +15. Queued up writeback on the new page is triggered. -18. If swap pte's were generated for the page then replace them with real - ptes. This will reenable access for processes not blocked by the page lock. +16. If migration entries were page then replace them with real ptes. Doing + so will enable access for user space processes not already waiting for + the page lock. 19. The page locks are dropped from the old and new page. - Processes waiting on the page lock can continue. + Processes waiting on the page lock will redo their page faults + and will reach the new page. 20. The new page is moved to the LRU and can be scanned by the swapper etc again. -TODO list ---------- - -- Page migration requires the use of swap handles to preserve the - information of the anonymous page table entries. This means that swap - space is reserved but never used. The maximum number of swap handles used - is determined by CHUNK_SIZE (see mm/mempolicy.c) per ongoing migration. - Reservation of pages could be avoided by having a special type of swap - handle that does not require swap space and that would only track the page - references. Something like that was proposed by Marcelo Tosatti in the - past (search for migration cache on lkml or linux-mm@kvack.org). - -- Page migration unmaps ptes for file backed pages and requires page - faults to reestablish these ptes. This could be optimized by somehow - recording the references before migration and then reestablish them later. - However, there are several locking challenges that have to be overcome - before this is possible. - -- Page migration generates read ptes for anonymous pages. Dirty page - faults are required to make the pages writable again. It may be possible - to generate a pte marked dirty if it is known that the page is dirty and - that this process has the only reference to that page. - -Christoph Lameter, March 8, 2006. +Christoph Lameter, May 8, 2006. |