aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
Diffstat (limited to 'arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S')
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S343
1 files changed, 177 insertions, 166 deletions
diff --git a/arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S b/arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S
index 477e9d75149b..6bd2c6c95373 100644
--- a/arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S
+++ b/arch/x86/crypto/aesni-intel_asm.S
@@ -32,12 +32,23 @@
#include <linux/linkage.h>
#include <asm/inst.h>
+/*
+ * The following macros are used to move an (un)aligned 16 byte value to/from
+ * an XMM register. This can done for either FP or integer values, for FP use
+ * movaps (move aligned packed single) or integer use movdqa (move double quad
+ * aligned). It doesn't make a performance difference which instruction is used
+ * since Nehalem (original Core i7) was released. However, the movaps is a byte
+ * shorter, so that is the one we'll use for now. (same for unaligned).
+ */
+#define MOVADQ movaps
+#define MOVUDQ movups
+
#ifdef __x86_64__
+
.data
.align 16
.Lgf128mul_x_ble_mask:
.octa 0x00000000000000010000000000000087
-
POLY: .octa 0xC2000000000000000000000000000001
TWOONE: .octa 0x00000001000000000000000000000001
@@ -89,6 +100,7 @@ enc: .octa 0x2
#define arg8 STACK_OFFSET+16(%r14)
#define arg9 STACK_OFFSET+24(%r14)
#define arg10 STACK_OFFSET+32(%r14)
+#define keysize 2*15*16(%arg1)
#endif
@@ -213,10 +225,12 @@ enc: .octa 0x2
.macro INITIAL_BLOCKS_DEC num_initial_blocks TMP1 TMP2 TMP3 TMP4 TMP5 XMM0 XMM1 \
XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMMDst TMP6 TMP7 i i_seq operation
+ MOVADQ SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
mov arg7, %r10 # %r10 = AAD
mov arg8, %r12 # %r12 = aadLen
mov %r12, %r11
pxor %xmm\i, %xmm\i
+
_get_AAD_loop\num_initial_blocks\operation:
movd (%r10), \TMP1
pslldq $12, \TMP1
@@ -225,16 +239,18 @@ _get_AAD_loop\num_initial_blocks\operation:
add $4, %r10
sub $4, %r12
jne _get_AAD_loop\num_initial_blocks\operation
+
cmp $16, %r11
je _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation
+
mov $16, %r12
_get_AAD_loop2\num_initial_blocks\operation:
psrldq $4, %xmm\i
sub $4, %r12
cmp %r11, %r12
jne _get_AAD_loop2\num_initial_blocks\operation
+
_get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\i # byte-reflect the AAD data
xor %r11, %r11 # initialise the data pointer offset as zero
@@ -243,59 +259,34 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
mov %arg5, %rax # %rax = *Y0
movdqu (%rax), \XMM0 # XMM0 = Y0
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM0
.if (\i == 5) || (\i == 6) || (\i == 7)
+ MOVADQ ONE(%RIP),\TMP1
+ MOVADQ (%arg1),\TMP2
.irpc index, \i_seq
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
movdqa \XMM0, %xmm\index
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\index # perform a 16 byte swap
-
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), %xmm\index
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x10(%rdi), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 1
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x20(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x30(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x40(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x50(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x60(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
+ pxor \TMP2, %xmm\index
.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x70(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x80(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x90(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
+ lea 0x10(%arg1),%r10
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ add $5,%eax # 128->9, 192->11, 256->13
+
+aes_loop_initial_dec\num_initial_blocks:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP1
+.irpc index, \i_seq
+ AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index
.endr
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz aes_loop_initial_dec\num_initial_blocks
+
+ MOVADQ (%r10), \TMP1
.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0xa0(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENCLAST \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 10
+ AESENCLAST \TMP1, %xmm\index # Last Round
.endr
.irpc index, \i_seq
movdqu (%arg3 , %r11, 1), \TMP1
@@ -305,10 +296,8 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
add $16, %r11
movdqa \TMP1, %xmm\index
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\index
-
- # prepare plaintext/ciphertext for GHASH computation
+ # prepare plaintext/ciphertext for GHASH computation
.endr
.endif
GHASH_MUL %xmm\i, \TMP3, \TMP1, \TMP2, \TMP4, \TMP5, \XMM1
@@ -338,30 +327,28 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
* Precomputations for HashKey parallel with encryption of first 4 blocks.
* Haskey_i_k holds XORed values of the low and high parts of the Haskey_i
*/
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM1
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ MOVADQ ONE(%rip), \TMP1
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM1
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM1 # perform a 16 byte swap
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM2
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM2
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM2 # perform a 16 byte swap
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM3
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM3
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM3 # perform a 16 byte swap
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM4
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM4
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM4 # perform a 16 byte swap
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM1
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM2
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM3
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM4
+ MOVADQ 0(%arg1),\TMP1
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM1
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM2
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM3
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM4
movdqa \TMP3, \TMP5
pshufd $78, \TMP3, \TMP1
pxor \TMP3, \TMP1
@@ -399,7 +386,23 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
pshufd $78, \TMP5, \TMP1
pxor \TMP5, \TMP1
movdqa \TMP1, HashKey_4_k(%rsp)
- movaps 0xa0(%arg1), \TMP2
+ lea 0xa0(%arg1),%r10
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ sub $4,%eax # 128->0, 192->2, 256->4
+ jz aes_loop_pre_dec_done\num_initial_blocks
+
+aes_loop_pre_dec\num_initial_blocks:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP2
+.irpc index, 1234
+ AESENC \TMP2, %xmm\index
+.endr
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz aes_loop_pre_dec\num_initial_blocks
+
+aes_loop_pre_dec_done\num_initial_blocks:
+ MOVADQ (%r10), \TMP2
AESENCLAST \TMP2, \XMM1
AESENCLAST \TMP2, \XMM2
AESENCLAST \TMP2, \XMM3
@@ -421,15 +424,11 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
movdqu \XMM4, 16*3(%arg2 , %r11 , 1)
movdqa \TMP1, \XMM4
add $64, %r11
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM1 # perform a 16 byte swap
pxor \XMMDst, \XMM1
# combine GHASHed value with the corresponding ciphertext
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM2 # perform a 16 byte swap
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM3 # perform a 16 byte swap
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM4 # perform a 16 byte swap
_initial_blocks_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
@@ -451,6 +450,7 @@ _initial_blocks_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
.macro INITIAL_BLOCKS_ENC num_initial_blocks TMP1 TMP2 TMP3 TMP4 TMP5 XMM0 XMM1 \
XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMMDst TMP6 TMP7 i i_seq operation
+ MOVADQ SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
mov arg7, %r10 # %r10 = AAD
mov arg8, %r12 # %r12 = aadLen
mov %r12, %r11
@@ -472,7 +472,6 @@ _get_AAD_loop2\num_initial_blocks\operation:
cmp %r11, %r12
jne _get_AAD_loop2\num_initial_blocks\operation
_get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\i # byte-reflect the AAD data
xor %r11, %r11 # initialise the data pointer offset as zero
@@ -481,59 +480,35 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
mov %arg5, %rax # %rax = *Y0
movdqu (%rax), \XMM0 # XMM0 = Y0
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM0
.if (\i == 5) || (\i == 6) || (\i == 7)
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, %xmm\index
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
- PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\index # perform a 16 byte swap
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), %xmm\index
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x10(%rdi), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 1
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x20(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
+ MOVADQ ONE(%RIP),\TMP1
+ MOVADQ 0(%arg1),\TMP2
.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x30(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, %xmm\index
+ PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\index # perform a 16 byte swap
+ pxor \TMP2, %xmm\index
.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x40(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x50(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x60(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x70(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x80(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
-.endr
-.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0x90(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 2
+ lea 0x10(%arg1),%r10
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ add $5,%eax # 128->9, 192->11, 256->13
+
+aes_loop_initial_enc\num_initial_blocks:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP1
+.irpc index, \i_seq
+ AESENC \TMP1, %xmm\index
.endr
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz aes_loop_initial_enc\num_initial_blocks
+
+ MOVADQ (%r10), \TMP1
.irpc index, \i_seq
- movaps 0xa0(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENCLAST \TMP1, %xmm\index # Round 10
+ AESENCLAST \TMP1, %xmm\index # Last Round
.endr
.irpc index, \i_seq
movdqu (%arg3 , %r11, 1), \TMP1
@@ -541,8 +516,6 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
movdqu %xmm\index, (%arg2 , %r11, 1)
# write back plaintext/ciphertext for num_initial_blocks
add $16, %r11
-
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, %xmm\index
# prepare plaintext/ciphertext for GHASH computation
@@ -575,30 +548,28 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
* Precomputations for HashKey parallel with encryption of first 4 blocks.
* Haskey_i_k holds XORed values of the low and high parts of the Haskey_i
*/
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM1
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ MOVADQ ONE(%RIP),\TMP1
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM1
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM1 # perform a 16 byte swap
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM2
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM2
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM2 # perform a 16 byte swap
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM3
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM3
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM3 # perform a 16 byte swap
- paddd ONE(%rip), \XMM0 # INCR Y0
- movdqa \XMM0, \XMM4
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
+ paddd \TMP1, \XMM0 # INCR Y0
+ MOVADQ \XMM0, \XMM4
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM4 # perform a 16 byte swap
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM1
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM2
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM3
- pxor 16*0(%arg1), \XMM4
+ MOVADQ 0(%arg1),\TMP1
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM1
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM2
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM3
+ pxor \TMP1, \XMM4
movdqa \TMP3, \TMP5
pshufd $78, \TMP3, \TMP1
pxor \TMP3, \TMP1
@@ -636,7 +607,23 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
pshufd $78, \TMP5, \TMP1
pxor \TMP5, \TMP1
movdqa \TMP1, HashKey_4_k(%rsp)
- movaps 0xa0(%arg1), \TMP2
+ lea 0xa0(%arg1),%r10
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ sub $4,%eax # 128->0, 192->2, 256->4
+ jz aes_loop_pre_enc_done\num_initial_blocks
+
+aes_loop_pre_enc\num_initial_blocks:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP2
+.irpc index, 1234
+ AESENC \TMP2, %xmm\index
+.endr
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz aes_loop_pre_enc\num_initial_blocks
+
+aes_loop_pre_enc_done\num_initial_blocks:
+ MOVADQ (%r10), \TMP2
AESENCLAST \TMP2, \XMM1
AESENCLAST \TMP2, \XMM2
AESENCLAST \TMP2, \XMM3
@@ -655,15 +642,11 @@ _get_AAD_loop2_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
movdqu \XMM4, 16*3(%arg2 , %r11 , 1)
add $64, %r11
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM1 # perform a 16 byte swap
pxor \XMMDst, \XMM1
# combine GHASHed value with the corresponding ciphertext
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM2 # perform a 16 byte swap
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM3 # perform a 16 byte swap
- movdqa SHUF_MASK(%rip), %xmm14
PSHUFB_XMM %xmm14, \XMM4 # perform a 16 byte swap
_initial_blocks_done\num_initial_blocks\operation:
@@ -794,7 +777,23 @@ TMP6 XMM0 XMM1 XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMM5 XMM6 XMM7 XMM8 operation
AESENC \TMP3, \XMM3
AESENC \TMP3, \XMM4
PCLMULQDQ 0x00, \TMP5, \XMM8 # XMM8 = a0*b0
- movaps 0xa0(%arg1), \TMP3
+ lea 0xa0(%arg1),%r10
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ sub $4,%eax # 128->0, 192->2, 256->4
+ jz aes_loop_par_enc_done
+
+aes_loop_par_enc:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP3
+.irpc index, 1234
+ AESENC \TMP3, %xmm\index
+.endr
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz aes_loop_par_enc
+
+aes_loop_par_enc_done:
+ MOVADQ (%r10), \TMP3
AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM1 # Round 10
AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM2
AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM3
@@ -986,8 +985,24 @@ TMP6 XMM0 XMM1 XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMM5 XMM6 XMM7 XMM8 operation
AESENC \TMP3, \XMM3
AESENC \TMP3, \XMM4
PCLMULQDQ 0x00, \TMP5, \XMM8 # XMM8 = a0*b0
- movaps 0xa0(%arg1), \TMP3
- AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM1 # Round 10
+ lea 0xa0(%arg1),%r10
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ sub $4,%eax # 128->0, 192->2, 256->4
+ jz aes_loop_par_dec_done
+
+aes_loop_par_dec:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP3
+.irpc index, 1234
+ AESENC \TMP3, %xmm\index
+.endr
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz aes_loop_par_dec
+
+aes_loop_par_dec_done:
+ MOVADQ (%r10), \TMP3
+ AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM1 # last round
AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM2
AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM3
AESENCLAST \TMP3, \XMM4
@@ -1155,33 +1170,29 @@ TMP7 XMM1 XMM2 XMM3 XMM4 XMMDst
pxor \TMP6, \XMMDst # reduced result is in XMMDst
.endm
-/* Encryption of a single block done*/
-.macro ENCRYPT_SINGLE_BLOCK XMM0 TMP1
- pxor (%arg1), \XMM0
- movaps 16(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 32(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 48(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 64(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 80(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 96(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 112(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 128(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 144(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENC \TMP1, \XMM0
- movaps 160(%arg1), \TMP1
- AESENCLAST \TMP1, \XMM0
-.endm
+/* Encryption of a single block
+* uses eax & r10
+*/
+.macro ENCRYPT_SINGLE_BLOCK XMM0 TMP1
+ pxor (%arg1), \XMM0
+ mov keysize,%eax
+ shr $2,%eax # 128->4, 192->6, 256->8
+ add $5,%eax # 128->9, 192->11, 256->13
+ lea 16(%arg1), %r10 # get first expanded key address
+
+_esb_loop_\@:
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP1
+ AESENC \TMP1,\XMM0
+ add $16,%r10
+ sub $1,%eax
+ jnz _esb_loop_\@
+
+ MOVADQ (%r10),\TMP1
+ AESENCLAST \TMP1,\XMM0
+.endm
/*****************************************************************************
* void aesni_gcm_dec(void *aes_ctx, // AES Key schedule. Starts on a 16 byte boundary.
* u8 *out, // Plaintext output. Encrypt in-place is allowed.
Copyright © 1996 – 2023 Jason A. Donenfeld. All Rights Reverse Engineered.