diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'include/linux/power_supply.h')
| -rw-r--r-- | include/linux/power_supply.h | 496 |
1 files changed, 469 insertions, 27 deletions
diff --git a/include/linux/power_supply.h b/include/linux/power_supply.h index 9ca1f120a211..aa2c4a7c4826 100644 --- a/include/linux/power_supply.h +++ b/include/linux/power_supply.h @@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ enum { POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_TYPE_ADAPTIVE, /* dynamically adjusted speed */ POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_TYPE_CUSTOM, /* use CHARGE_CONTROL_* props */ POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_TYPE_LONGLIFE, /* slow speed, longer life */ + POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_TYPE_BYPASS, /* bypassing the charger */ }; enum { @@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ enum { POWER_SUPPLY_HEALTH_WARM, POWER_SUPPLY_HEALTH_COOL, POWER_SUPPLY_HEALTH_HOT, + POWER_SUPPLY_HEALTH_NO_BATTERY, }; enum { @@ -132,6 +134,7 @@ enum power_supply_property { POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_CONTROL_LIMIT_MAX, POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_CONTROL_START_THRESHOLD, /* in percents! */ POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_CONTROL_END_THRESHOLD, /* in percents! */ + POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR, POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_CURRENT_LIMIT, POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_VOLTAGE_LIMIT, POWER_SUPPLY_PROP_INPUT_POWER_LIMIT, @@ -202,6 +205,12 @@ enum power_supply_usb_type { POWER_SUPPLY_USB_TYPE_APPLE_BRICK_ID, /* Apple Charging Method */ }; +enum power_supply_charge_behaviour { + POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_AUTO = 0, + POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_INHIBIT_CHARGE, + POWER_SUPPLY_CHARGE_BEHAVIOUR_FORCE_DISCHARGE, +}; + enum power_supply_notifier_events { PSY_EVENT_PROP_CHANGED, }; @@ -340,43 +349,421 @@ struct power_supply_resistance_temp_table { int resistance; /* internal resistance percent */ }; +struct power_supply_vbat_ri_table { + int vbat_uv; /* Battery voltage in microvolt */ + int ri_uohm; /* Internal resistance in microohm */ +}; + +/** + * struct power_supply_maintenance_charge_table - setting for maintenace charging + * @charge_current_max_ua: maintenance charging current that is used to keep + * the charge of the battery full as current is consumed after full charging. + * The corresponding charge_voltage_max_uv is used as a safeguard: when we + * reach this voltage the maintenance charging current is turned off. It is + * turned back on if we fall below this voltage. + * @charge_voltage_max_uv: maintenance charging voltage that is usually a bit + * lower than the constant_charge_voltage_max_uv. We can apply this settings + * charge_current_max_ua until we get back up to this voltage. + * @safety_timer_minutes: maintenance charging safety timer, with an expiry + * time in minutes. We will only use maintenance charging in this setting + * for a certain amount of time, then we will first move to the next + * maintenance charge current and voltage pair in respective array and wait + * for the next safety timer timeout, or, if we reached the last maintencance + * charging setting, disable charging until we reach + * charge_restart_voltage_uv and restart ordinary CC/CV charging from there. + * These timers should be chosen to align with the typical discharge curve + * for the battery. + * + * Ordinary CC/CV charging will stop charging when the charge current goes + * below charge_term_current_ua, and then restart it (if the device is still + * plugged into the charger) at charge_restart_voltage_uv. This happens in most + * consumer products because the power usage while connected to a charger is + * not zero, and devices are not manufactured to draw power directly from the + * charger: instead they will at all times dissipate the battery a little, like + * the power used in standby mode. This will over time give a charge graph + * such as this: + * + * Energy + * ^ ... ... ... ... ... ... ... + * | . . . . . . . . . . . . . + * | .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. . .. + * |. .. .. .. .. .. .. + * +-------------------------------------------------------------------> t + * + * Practically this means that the Li-ions are wandering back and forth in the + * battery and this causes degeneration of the battery anode and cathode. + * To prolong the life of the battery, maintenance charging is applied after + * reaching charge_term_current_ua to hold up the charge in the battery while + * consuming power, thus lowering the wear on the battery: + * + * Energy + * ^ ....................................... + * | . ...................... + * | .. + * |. + * +-------------------------------------------------------------------> t + * + * Maintenance charging uses the voltages from this table: a table of settings + * is traversed using a slightly lower current and voltage than what is used for + * CC/CV charging. The maintenance charging will for safety reasons not go on + * indefinately: we lower the current and voltage with successive maintenance + * settings, then disable charging completely after we reach the last one, + * and after that we do not restart charging until we reach + * charge_restart_voltage_uv (see struct power_supply_battery_info) and restart + * ordinary CC/CV charging from there. + * + * As an example, a Samsung EB425161LA Lithium-Ion battery is CC/CV charged + * at 900mA to 4340mV, then maintenance charged at 600mA and 4150mV for up to + * 60 hours, then maintenance charged at 600mA and 4100mV for up to 200 hours. + * After this the charge cycle is restarted waiting for + * charge_restart_voltage_uv. + * + * For most mobile electronics this type of maintenance charging is enough for + * the user to disconnect the device and make use of it before both maintenance + * charging cycles are complete, if the current and voltage has been chosen + * appropriately. These need to be determined from battery discharge curves + * and expected standby current. + * + * If the voltage anyway drops to charge_restart_voltage_uv during maintenance + * charging, ordinary CC/CV charging is restarted. This can happen if the + * device is e.g. actively used during charging, so more current is drawn than + * the expected stand-by current. Also overvoltage protection will be applied + * as usual. + */ +struct power_supply_maintenance_charge_table { + int charge_current_max_ua; + int charge_voltage_max_uv; + int charge_safety_timer_minutes; +}; + #define POWER_SUPPLY_OCV_TEMP_MAX 20 -/* +/** + * struct power_supply_battery_info - information about batteries + * @technology: from the POWER_SUPPLY_TECHNOLOGY_* enum + * @energy_full_design_uwh: energy content when fully charged in microwatt + * hours + * @charge_full_design_uah: charge content when fully charged in microampere + * hours + * @voltage_min_design_uv: minimum voltage across the poles when the battery + * is at minimum voltage level in microvolts. If the voltage drops below this + * level the battery will need precharging when using CC/CV charging. + * @voltage_max_design_uv: voltage across the poles when the battery is fully + * charged in microvolts. This is the "nominal voltage" i.e. the voltage + * printed on the label of the battery. + * @tricklecharge_current_ua: the tricklecharge current used when trickle + * charging the battery in microamperes. This is the charging phase when the + * battery is completely empty and we need to carefully trickle in some + * charge until we reach the precharging voltage. + * @precharge_current_ua: current to use in the precharge phase in microamperes, + * the precharge rate is limited by limiting the current to this value. + * @precharge_voltage_max_uv: the maximum voltage allowed when precharging in + * microvolts. When we pass this voltage we will nominally switch over to the + * CC (constant current) charging phase defined by constant_charge_current_ua + * and constant_charge_voltage_max_uv. + * @charge_term_current_ua: when the current in the CV (constant voltage) + * charging phase drops below this value in microamperes the charging will + * terminate completely and not restart until the voltage over the battery + * poles reach charge_restart_voltage_uv unless we use maintenance charging. + * @charge_restart_voltage_uv: when the battery has been fully charged by + * CC/CV charging and charging has been disabled, and the voltage subsequently + * drops below this value in microvolts, the charging will be restarted + * (typically using CV charging). + * @overvoltage_limit_uv: If the voltage exceeds the nominal voltage + * voltage_max_design_uv and we reach this voltage level, all charging must + * stop and emergency procedures take place, such as shutting down the system + * in some cases. + * @constant_charge_current_max_ua: current in microamperes to use in the CC + * (constant current) charging phase. The charging rate is limited + * by this current. This is the main charging phase and as the current is + * constant into the battery the voltage slowly ascends to + * constant_charge_voltage_max_uv. + * @constant_charge_voltage_max_uv: voltage in microvolts signifying the end of + * the CC (constant current) charging phase and the beginning of the CV + * (constant voltage) charging phase. + * @maintenance_charge: an array of maintenance charging settings to be used + * after the main CC/CV charging phase is complete. + * @maintenance_charge_size: the number of maintenance charging settings in + * maintenance_charge. + * @alert_low_temp_charge_current_ua: The charging current to use if the battery + * enters low alert temperature, i.e. if the internal temperature is between + * temp_alert_min and temp_min. No matter the charging phase, this + * and alert_high_temp_charge_voltage_uv will be applied. + * @alert_low_temp_charge_voltage_uv: Same as alert_low_temp_charge_current_ua, + * but for the charging voltage. + * @alert_high_temp_charge_current_ua: The charging current to use if the + * battery enters high alert temperature, i.e. if the internal temperature is + * between temp_alert_max and temp_max. No matter the charging phase, this + * and alert_high_temp_charge_voltage_uv will be applied, usually lowering + * the charging current as an evasive manouver. + * @alert_high_temp_charge_voltage_uv: Same as + * alert_high_temp_charge_current_ua, but for the charging voltage. + * @factory_internal_resistance_uohm: the internal resistance of the battery + * at fabrication time, expressed in microohms. This resistance will vary + * depending on the lifetime and charge of the battery, so this is just a + * nominal ballpark figure. This internal resistance is given for the state + * when the battery is discharging. + * @factory_internal_resistance_charging_uohm: the internal resistance of the + * battery at fabrication time while charging, expressed in microohms. + * The charging process will affect the internal resistance of the battery + * so this value provides a better resistance under these circumstances. + * This resistance will vary depending on the lifetime and charge of the + * battery, so this is just a nominal ballpark figure. + * @ocv_temp: array indicating the open circuit voltage (OCV) capacity + * temperature indices. This is an array of temperatures in degrees Celsius + * indicating which capacity table to use for a certain temperature, since + * the capacity for reasons of chemistry will be different at different + * temperatures. Determining capacity is a multivariate problem and the + * temperature is the first variable we determine. + * @temp_ambient_alert_min: the battery will go outside of operating conditions + * when the ambient temperature goes below this temperature in degrees + * Celsius. + * @temp_ambient_alert_max: the battery will go outside of operating conditions + * when the ambient temperature goes above this temperature in degrees + * Celsius. + * @temp_alert_min: the battery should issue an alert if the internal + * temperature goes below this temperature in degrees Celsius. + * @temp_alert_max: the battery should issue an alert if the internal + * temperature goes above this temperature in degrees Celsius. + * @temp_min: the battery will go outside of operating conditions when + * the internal temperature goes below this temperature in degrees Celsius. + * Normally this means the system should shut down. + * @temp_max: the battery will go outside of operating conditions when + * the internal temperature goes above this temperature in degrees Celsius. + * Normally this means the system should shut down. + * @ocv_table: for each entry in ocv_temp there is a corresponding entry in + * ocv_table and a size for each entry in ocv_table_size. These arrays + * determine the capacity in percent in relation to the voltage in microvolts + * at the indexed temperature. + * @ocv_table_size: for each entry in ocv_temp this array is giving the size of + * each entry in the array of capacity arrays in ocv_table. + * @resist_table: this is a table that correlates a battery temperature to the + * expected internal resistance at this temperature. The resistance is given + * as a percentage of factory_internal_resistance_uohm. Knowing the + * resistance of the battery is usually necessary for calculating the open + * circuit voltage (OCV) that is then used with the ocv_table to calculate + * the capacity of the battery. The resist_table must be ordered descending + * by temperature: highest temperature with lowest resistance first, lowest + * temperature with highest resistance last. + * @resist_table_size: the number of items in the resist_table. + * @vbat2ri_discharging: this is a table that correlates Battery voltage (VBAT) + * to internal resistance (Ri). The resistance is given in microohm for the + * corresponding voltage in microvolts. The internal resistance is used to + * determine the open circuit voltage so that we can determine the capacity + * of the battery. These voltages to resistance tables apply when the battery + * is discharging. The table must be ordered descending by voltage: highest + * voltage first. + * @vbat2ri_discharging_size: the number of items in the vbat2ri_discharging + * table. + * @vbat2ri_charging: same function as vbat2ri_discharging but for the state + * when the battery is charging. Being under charge changes the battery's + * internal resistance characteristics so a separate table is needed.* + * The table must be ordered descending by voltage: highest voltage first. + * @vbat2ri_charging_size: the number of items in the vbat2ri_charging + * table. + * @bti_resistance_ohm: The Battery Type Indicator (BIT) nominal resistance + * in ohms for this battery, if an identification resistor is mounted + * between a third battery terminal and ground. This scheme is used by a lot + * of mobile device batteries. + * @bti_resistance_tolerance: The tolerance in percent of the BTI resistance, + * for example 10 for +/- 10%, if the bti_resistance is set to 7000 and the + * tolerance is 10% we will detect a proper battery if the BTI resistance + * is between 6300 and 7700 Ohm. + * * This is the recommended struct to manage static battery parameters, * populated by power_supply_get_battery_info(). Most platform drivers should * use these for consistency. + * * Its field names must correspond to elements in enum power_supply_property. - * The default field value is -EINVAL. - * Power supply class itself doesn't use this. + * The default field value is -EINVAL or NULL for pointers. + * + * CC/CV CHARGING: + * + * The charging parameters here assume a CC/CV charging scheme. This method + * is most common with Lithium Ion batteries (other methods are possible) and + * looks as follows: + * + * ^ Battery voltage + * | --- overvoltage_limit_uv + * | + * | ................................................... + * | .. constant_charge_voltage_max_uv + * | .. + * | . + * | . + * | . + * | . + * | . + * | .. precharge_voltage_max_uv + * | .. + * |. (trickle charging) + * +------------------------------------------------------------------> time + * + * ^ Current into the battery + * | + * | ............. constant_charge_current_max_ua + * | . . + * | . . + * | . . + * | . . + * | . .. + * | . .... + * | . ..... + * | ... precharge_current_ua ....... charge_term_current_ua + * | . . + * | . . + * |.... tricklecharge_current_ua . + * | . + * +-----------------------------------------------------------------> time + * + * These diagrams are synchronized on time and the voltage and current + * follow each other. + * + * With CC/CV charging commence over time like this for an empty battery: + * + * 1. When the battery is completely empty it may need to be charged with + * an especially small current so that electrons just "trickle in", + * this is the tricklecharge_current_ua. + * + * 2. Next a small initial pre-charge current (precharge_current_ua) + * is applied if the voltage is below precharge_voltage_max_uv until we + * reach precharge_voltage_max_uv. CAUTION: in some texts this is referred + * to as "trickle charging" but the use in the Linux kernel is different + * see below! + * + * 3. Then the main charging current is applied, which is called the constant + * current (CC) phase. A current regulator is set up to allow + * constant_charge_current_max_ua of current to flow into the battery. + * The chemical reaction in the battery will make the voltage go up as + * charge goes into the battery. This current is applied until we reach + * the constant_charge_voltage_max_uv voltage. + * + * 4. At this voltage we switch over to the constant voltage (CV) phase. This + * means we allow current to go into the battery, but we keep the voltage + * fixed. This current will continue to charge the battery while keeping + * the voltage the same. A chemical reaction in the battery goes on + * storing energy without affecting the voltage. Over time the current + * will slowly drop and when we reach charge_term_current_ua we will + * end the constant voltage phase. + * + * After this the battery is fully charged, and if we do not support maintenance + * charging, the charging will not restart until power dissipation makes the + * voltage fall so that we reach charge_restart_voltage_uv and at this point + * we restart charging at the appropriate phase, usually this will be inside + * the CV phase. + * + * If we support maintenance charging the voltage is however kept high after + * the CV phase with a very low current. This is meant to let the same charge + * go in for usage while the charger is still connected, mainly for + * dissipation for the power consuming entity while connected to the + * charger. + * + * All charging MUST terminate if the overvoltage_limit_uv is ever reached. + * Overcharging Lithium Ion cells can be DANGEROUS and lead to fire or + * explosions. + * + * DETERMINING BATTERY CAPACITY: + * + * Several members of the struct deal with trying to determine the remaining + * capacity in the battery, usually as a percentage of charge. In practice + * many chargers uses a so-called fuel gauge or coloumb counter that measure + * how much charge goes into the battery and how much goes out (+/- leak + * consumption). This does not help if we do not know how much capacity the + * battery has to begin with, such as when it is first used or was taken out + * and charged in a separate charger. Therefore many capacity algorithms use + * the open circuit voltage with a look-up table to determine the rough + * capacity of the battery. The open circuit voltage can be conceptualized + * with an ideal voltage source (V) in series with an internal resistance (Ri) + * like this: + * + * +-------> IBAT >----------------+ + * | ^ | + * [ ] Ri | | + * | | VBAT | + * o <---------- | | + * +| ^ | [ ] Rload + * .---. | | | + * | V | | OCV | | + * '---' | | | + * | | | | + * GND +-------------------------------+ + * + * If we disconnect the load (here simplified as a fixed resistance Rload) + * and measure VBAT with a infinite impedance voltage meter we will get + * VBAT = OCV and this assumption is sometimes made even under load, assuming + * Rload is insignificant. However this will be of dubious quality because the + * load is rarely that small and Ri is strongly nonlinear depending on + * temperature and how much capacity is left in the battery due to the + * chemistry involved. + * + * In many practical applications we cannot just disconnect the battery from + * the load, so instead we often try to measure the instantaneous IBAT (the + * current out from the battery), estimate the Ri and thus calculate the + * voltage drop over Ri and compensate like this: + * + * OCV = VBAT - (IBAT * Ri) + * + * The tables vbat2ri_discharging and vbat2ri_charging are used to determine + * (by interpolation) the Ri from the VBAT under load. These curves are highly + * nonlinear and may need many datapoints but can be found in datasheets for + * some batteries. This gives the compensated open circuit voltage (OCV) for + * the battery even under load. Using this method will also compensate for + * temperature changes in the environment: this will also make the internal + * resistance change, and it will affect the VBAT under load, so correlating + * VBAT to Ri takes both remaining capacity and temperature into consideration. + * + * Alternatively a manufacturer can specify how the capacity of the battery + * is dependent on the battery temperature which is the main factor affecting + * Ri. As we know all checmical reactions are faster when it is warm and slower + * when it is cold. You can put in 1500mAh and only get 800mAh out before the + * voltage drops too low for example. This effect is also highly nonlinear and + * the purpose of the table resist_table: this will take a temperature and + * tell us how big percentage of Ri the specified temperature correlates to. + * Usually we have 100% of the factory_internal_resistance_uohm at 25 degrees + * Celsius. + * + * The power supply class itself doesn't use this struct as of now. */ struct power_supply_battery_info { - unsigned int technology; /* from the enum above */ - int energy_full_design_uwh; /* microWatt-hours */ - int charge_full_design_uah; /* microAmp-hours */ - int voltage_min_design_uv; /* microVolts */ - int voltage_max_design_uv; /* microVolts */ - int tricklecharge_current_ua; /* microAmps */ - int precharge_current_ua; /* microAmps */ - int precharge_voltage_max_uv; /* microVolts */ - int charge_term_current_ua; /* microAmps */ - int charge_restart_voltage_uv; /* microVolts */ - int overvoltage_limit_uv; /* microVolts */ - int constant_charge_current_max_ua; /* microAmps */ - int constant_charge_voltage_max_uv; /* microVolts */ - int factory_internal_resistance_uohm; /* microOhms */ - int ocv_temp[POWER_SUPPLY_OCV_TEMP_MAX];/* celsius */ - int temp_ambient_alert_min; /* celsius */ - int temp_ambient_alert_max; /* celsius */ - int temp_alert_min; /* celsius */ - int temp_alert_max; /* celsius */ - int temp_min; /* celsius */ - int temp_max; /* celsius */ + unsigned int technology; + int energy_full_design_uwh; + int charge_full_design_uah; + int voltage_min_design_uv; + int voltage_max_design_uv; + int tricklecharge_current_ua; + int precharge_current_ua; + int precharge_voltage_max_uv; + int charge_term_current_ua; + int charge_restart_voltage_uv; + int overvoltage_limit_uv; + int constant_charge_current_max_ua; + int constant_charge_voltage_max_uv; + struct power_supply_maintenance_charge_table *maintenance_charge; + int maintenance_charge_size; + int alert_low_temp_charge_current_ua; + int alert_low_temp_charge_voltage_uv; + int alert_high_temp_charge_current_ua; + int alert_high_temp_charge_voltage_uv; + int factory_internal_resistance_uohm; + int factory_internal_resistance_charging_uohm; + int ocv_temp[POWER_SUPPLY_OCV_TEMP_MAX]; + int temp_ambient_alert_min; + int temp_ambient_alert_max; + int temp_alert_min; + int temp_alert_max; + int temp_min; + int temp_max; struct power_supply_battery_ocv_table *ocv_table[POWER_SUPPLY_OCV_TEMP_MAX]; int ocv_table_size[POWER_SUPPLY_OCV_TEMP_MAX]; struct power_supply_resistance_temp_table *resist_table; int resist_table_size; + struct power_supply_vbat_ri_table *vbat2ri_discharging; + int vbat2ri_discharging_size; + struct power_supply_vbat_ri_table *vbat2ri_charging; + int vbat2ri_charging_size; + int bti_resistance_ohm; + int bti_resistance_tolerance; }; extern struct atomic_notifier_head power_supply_notifier; @@ -405,7 +792,7 @@ devm_power_supply_get_by_phandle(struct device *dev, const char *property) #endif /* CONFIG_OF */ extern int power_supply_get_battery_info(struct power_supply *psy, - struct power_supply_battery_info *info); + struct power_supply_battery_info **info_out); extern void power_supply_put_battery_info(struct power_supply *psy, struct power_supply_battery_info *info); extern int power_supply_ocv2cap_simple(struct power_supply_battery_ocv_table *table, @@ -418,12 +805,43 @@ extern int power_supply_batinfo_ocv2cap(struct power_supply_battery_info *info, extern int power_supply_temp2resist_simple(struct power_supply_resistance_temp_table *table, int table_len, int temp); +extern int power_supply_vbat2ri(struct power_supply_battery_info *info, + int vbat_uv, bool charging); +extern struct power_supply_maintenance_charge_table * +power_supply_get_maintenance_charging_setting(struct power_supply_battery_info *info, int index); +extern bool power_supply_battery_bti_in_range(struct power_supply_battery_info *info, + int resistance); extern void power_supply_changed(struct power_supply *psy); extern int power_supply_am_i_supplied(struct power_supply *psy); -extern int power_supply_set_input_current_limit_from_supplier( - struct power_supply *psy); +int power_supply_get_property_from_supplier(struct power_supply *psy, + enum power_supply_property psp, + union power_supply_propval *val); extern int power_supply_set_battery_charged(struct power_supply *psy); +static inline bool +power_supply_supports_maintenance_charging(struct power_supply_battery_info *info) +{ + struct power_supply_maintenance_charge_table *mt; + + mt = power_supply_get_maintenance_charging_setting(info, 0); + + return (mt != NULL); +} + +static inline bool +power_supply_supports_vbat2ri(struct power_supply_battery_info *info) +{ + return ((info->vbat2ri_discharging != NULL) && + info->vbat2ri_discharging_size > 0); +} + +static inline bool +power_supply_supports_temp2ri(struct power_supply_battery_info *info) +{ + return ((info->resist_table != NULL) && + info->resist_table_size > 0); +} + #ifdef CONFIG_POWER_SUPPLY extern int power_supply_is_system_supplied(void); #else @@ -539,4 +957,28 @@ static inline void power_supply_remove_hwmon_sysfs(struct power_supply *psy) {} #endif +#ifdef CONFIG_SYSFS +ssize_t power_supply_charge_behaviour_show(struct device *dev, + unsigned int available_behaviours, + enum power_supply_charge_behaviour behaviour, + char *buf); + +int power_supply_charge_behaviour_parse(unsigned int available_behaviours, const char *buf); +#else +static inline +ssize_t power_supply_charge_behaviour_show(struct device *dev, + unsigned int available_behaviours, + enum power_supply_charge_behaviour behaviour, + char *buf) +{ + return -EOPNOTSUPP; +} + +static inline int power_supply_charge_behaviour_parse(unsigned int available_behaviours, + const char *buf) +{ + return -EOPNOTSUPP; +} +#endif + #endif /* __LINUX_POWER_SUPPLY_H__ */ |