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At the moment, powerpc and s390 have their own versions of do_softirq which
include local_bh_disable() and __local_bh_enable() calls. They end up
calling __do_softirq (in kernel/softirq.c) which also does
local_bh_disable/enable.
Apparently the two levels of disable/enable trigger a warning from some
validation code that Ingo is working on, and he would like to see the outer
level removed. But to do that, we have to move the account_system_vtime
calls that are currently in the arch do_softirq() implementations for
powerpc and s390 into the generic __do_softirq() (this is a no-op for other
archs because account_system_vtime is defined to be an empty inline
function on all other archs). This patch does that.
Signed-off-by: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Enable LOCKDEP_SUPPORT on s390.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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irqtrace support for s390.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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stacktrace interface for s390 as needed by lock validator.
[clg@fr.ibm.com: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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CONFIG_FRAME_POINTER support for s390.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Put s390's syscall tables into .rodata section and write protect this
section to prevent misuse of it. Suggested by Arjan van de Ven
<arjan@infradead.org>.
Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@infradead.org>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial:
Remove obsolete #include <linux/config.h>
remove obsolete swsusp_encrypt
arch/arm26/Kconfig typos
Documentation/IPMI typos
Kconfig: Typos in net/sched/Kconfig
v9fs: do not include linux/version.h
Documentation/DocBook/mtdnand.tmpl: typo fixes
typo fixes: specfic -> specific
typo fixes in Documentation/networking/pktgen.txt
typo fixes: occuring -> occurring
typo fixes: infomation -> information
typo fixes: disadvantadge -> disadvantage
typo fixes: aquire -> acquire
typo fixes: mecanism -> mechanism
typo fixes: bandwith -> bandwidth
fix a typo in the RTC_CLASS help text
smb is no longer maintained
Manually merged trivial conflict in arch/um/kernel/vmlinux.lds.S
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The remaining counters in page_state after the zoned VM counter patches
have been applied are all just for show in /proc/vmstat. They have no
essential function for the VM.
We use a simple increment of per cpu variables. In order to avoid the most
severe races we disable preempt. Preempt does not prevent the race between
an increment and an interrupt handler incrementing the same statistics
counter. However, that race is exceedingly rare, we may only loose one
increment or so and there is no requirement (at least not in kernel) that
the vm event counters have to be accurate.
In the non preempt case this results in a simple increment for each
counter. For many architectures this will be reduced by the compiler to a
single instruction. This single instruction is atomic for i386 and x86_64.
And therefore even the rare race condition in an interrupt is avoided for
both architectures in most cases.
The patchset also adds an off switch for embedded systems that allows a
building of linux kernels without these counters.
The implementation of these counters is through inline code that hopefully
results in only a single instruction increment instruction being emitted
(i386, x86_64) or in the increment being hidden though instruction
concurrency (EPIC architectures such as ia64 can get that done).
Benefits:
- VM event counter operations usually reduce to a single inline instruction
on i386 and x86_64.
- No interrupt disable, only preempt disable for the preempt case.
Preempt disable can also be avoided by moving the counter into a spinlock.
- Handling is similar to zoned VM counters.
- Simple and easily extendable.
- Can be omitted to reduce memory use for embedded use.
References:
RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113512330605497&w=2
RFC http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114988082814934&w=2
local_t http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=114991748606690&w=2
V2 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?t=115014808400007&r=1&w=2
V3 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115024767022346&w=2
V4 http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=115047968808926&w=2
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Currently a single atomic variable is used to establish the size of the page
cache in the whole machine. The zoned VM counters have the same method of
implementation as the nr_pagecache code but also allow the determination of
the pagecache size per zone.
Remove the special implementation for nr_pagecache and make it a zoned counter
named NR_FILE_PAGES.
Updates of the page cache counters are always performed with interrupts off.
We can therefore use the __ variant here.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com>
Cc: Trond Myklebust <trond.myklebust@fys.uio.no>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Signed-off-by: Jörn Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
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Add CPU ID and steal time, and make OS record size variable.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Implementation of new kernel parameter vmpanic that provides a means to
perform a z/VM CP command after a kernel panic occurred.
Signed-off-by: Peter Oberparleiter <peter.oberparleiter@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Remove export of the sys_call_table symbol to prevent the misuse of it.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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The two macros NEW_TO_OLD_UID and NEW_TO_OLD_GID in binfmt_elf32.c
are not used by any code. Remove them.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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overflowuid and overflowgid were exported twice. Remove the export
from s390_ksyms.c
Signed-off-by: Serge E. Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Remove EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(avenrun) from appdata_base.c, since it is
already exported in kernel/timer.c
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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There is almost no room left for any new code between 0x10000
and 0x10480. Move the code from 0x10000 to 0x11000.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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If a machine checks interrupts the external or the i/o interrupt
handler before they have completed the cpu time calculations, the
accounting goes wrong. After the cpu returned from the machine check
handler to the interrupted interrupt handler, a negative cpu time delta
can occur. If the accumulated cpu time in lowcore is small enough
this value can get negative as well. The next jiffy interrupt will pick
up that negative value, shift it by 12 and add the now huge positive
value to the cpu time of the process.
To solve this the machine check handler is modified not to change any
of the timestamps in the lowcore if the machine check interrupted kernel
context.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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The software watchdog calls machine_restart from a timer function.
The s390 machine_restart calls console_unblank to flush the console
output. This is needed for panic to get the panic message printed.
If console_unblank is called in interrupt a BUG is triggered in
acquire_console_sem. That makes the software watchdog panic instead
of restarting the machine. To get around this problem the call to
console_unblank is made conditionally on !in_interrupt() ||
oops_in_progress.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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The wrong base register is used to read a value from the sclp data
structure. The value is used to calculate the memory size.
Use correct register %r4.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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show_stack() passes a pointer to the current stack frame to show_trace().
Because of tail call optimization the pointer doesn't point to the original
stack frame anymory and therefore traces are wrong. Don't pass the pointer
of the current stack frame to show_trace(). Instead let show_trace()
calculate the pointer on its own.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
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This patch reverts notifier_block changes made in 2.6.17
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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With Goto-san's patch, we can add new pgdat/node at runtime. I'm now
considering node-hot-add with cpu + memory on ACPI.
I found acpi container, which describes node, could evaluate cpu before
memory. This means cpu-hot-add occurs before memory hot add.
In most part, cpu-hot-add doesn't depend on node hot add. But register_cpu(),
which creates symbolic link from node to cpu, requires that node should be
onlined before register_cpu(). When a node is onlined, its pgdat should be
there.
This patch-set holds off creating symbolic link from node to cpu
until node is onlined.
This removes node arguments from register_cpu().
Now, register_cpu() requires 'struct node' as its argument. But the array of
struct node is now unified in driver/base/node.c now (By Goto's node hotplug
patch). We can get struct node in generic way. So, this argument is not
necessary now.
This patch also guarantees add cpu under node only when node is onlined. It
is necessary for node-hot-add vs. cpu-hot-add patch following this.
Moreover, register_cpu calculates cpu->node_id by cpu_to_node() without regard
to its 'struct node *root' argument. This patch removes it.
Also modify callers of register_cpu()/unregister_cpu, whose args are changed
by register-cpu-remove-node-struct patch.
[Brice.Goglin@ens-lyon.org: fix it]
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Ashok Raj <ashok.raj@intel.com>
Cc: Dave Hansen <haveblue@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Brice Goglin <Brice.Goglin@ens-lyon.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/bunk/trivial:
typo fixes
Clean up 'inline is not at beginning' warnings for usb storage
Storage class should be first
i386: Trivial typo fixes
ixj: make ixj_set_tone_off() static
spelling fixes
fix paniced->panicked typos
Spelling fixes for Documentation/atomic_ops.txt
move acknowledgment for Mark Adler to CREDITS
remove the bouncing email address of David Campbell
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Storage class should be before const
Signed-off-by: Tobias Klauser <tklauser@nuerscht.ch>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
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acquired (aquired)
contiguous (contigious)
successful (succesful, succesfull)
surprise (suprise)
whether (weather)
some other misspellings
Signed-off-by: Andreas Mohr <andi@lisas.de>
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
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Up until now algorithms have been happy to get a context pointer since
they know everything that's in the tfm already (e.g., alignment, block
size).
However, once we have parameterised algorithms, such information will
be specific to each tfm. So the algorithm API needs to be changed to
pass the tfm structure instead of the context pointer.
This patch is basically a text substitution. The only tricky bit is
the assembly routines that need to get the context pointer offset
through asm-offsets.h.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
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Various digest algorithms operate one block at a time and therefore
keep a temporary buffer of partial blocks. This buffer does not need
to be initialised since there is a counter which indicates what is and
isn't valid in it.
Signed-off-by: Herbert Xu <herbert@gondor.apana.org.au>
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Cleanup & fix 31 bit compilation:
CC arch/s390/kernel/setup.o
arch/s390/kernel/setup.c:83: error: initializer element is not computable at
load time
arch/s390/kernel/setup.c:83: error: (near initialization for
'code_resource.start')
Not sure which patch in the -mm tree breaks this, but since this can be
considered a cleanup it can be merged anyway.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Update hypfs for dhowells API changes.
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Ingo Oeser <ioe-lkml@rameria.de>
Cc: Joern Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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On zSeries machines there exists an interface which allows the operating
system to retrieve LPAR hypervisor accounting data. For example, it is
possible to get usage data for physical and virtual cpus. In order to
provide this information to user space programs, I implemented a new
virtual Linux file system named 's390_hypfs' using the Linux 2.6 libfs
framework. The name 's390_hypfs' stands for 'S390 Hypervisor Filesystem'.
All the accounting information is put into different virtual files which
can be accessed from user space. All data is represented as ASCII strings.
When the file system is mounted the accounting information is retrieved and
a file system tree is created with the attribute files containing the cpu
information. The content of the files remains unchanged until a new update
is made. An update can be triggered from user space through writing
'something' into a special purpose update file.
We create the following directory structure:
<mount-point>/
update
cpus/
<cpu-id>
type
mgmtime
<cpu-id>
...
hyp/
type
systems/
<lpar-name>
cpus/
<cpu-id>
type
mgmtime
cputime
onlinetime
<cpu-id>
...
<lpar-name>
cpus/
...
- update: File to trigger update
- cpus/: Directory for all physical cpus
- cpus/<cpu-id>/: Directory for one physical cpu.
- cpus/<cpu-id>/type: Type name of physical zSeries cpu.
- cpus/<cpu-id>/mgmtime: Physical-LPAR-management time in microseconds.
- hyp/: Directory for hypervisor information
- hyp/type: Typ of hypervisor (currently only 'LPAR Hypervisor')
- systems/: Directory for all LPARs
- systems/<lpar-name>/: Directory for one LPAR.
- systems/<lpar-name>/cpus/<cpu-id>/: Directory for the virtual cpus
- systems/<lpar-name>/cpus/<cpu-id>/type: Typ of cpu.
- systems/<lpar-name>/cpus/<cpu-id>/mgmtime:
Accumulated number of microseconds during which a physical
CPU was assigned to the logical cpu and the cpu time was
consumed by the hypervisor and was not provided to
the LPAR (LPAR overhead).
- systems/<lpar-name>/cpus/<cpu-id>/cputime:
Accumulated number of microseconds during which a physical CPU
was assigned to the logical cpu and the cpu time was consumed
by the LPAR.
- systems/<lpar-name>/cpus/<cpu-id>/onlinetime:
Accumulated number of microseconds during which the logical CPU
has been online.
As mount point for the filesystem /sys/hypervisor/s390 is created.
The update process is triggered when writing 'something' into the
'update' file at the top level hypfs directory. You can do this e.g.
with 'echo 1 > update'. During the update the whole directory structure
is deleted and built up again.
Cc: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Cc: Ingo Oeser <ioe-lkml@rameria.de>
Cc: Joern Engel <joern@wohnheim.fh-wedel.de>
Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Michael Holzheu <holzheu@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Add missing parentheses for type cast to u64.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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The 32 bit unsigned substraction (next - jiffies) in stop_hz_timer can
overflow if jiffies gets advanced between next_timer_interrupt and the read
under the xtime lock. The cast to a u64 then results in a large value
which causes the cpu to wait too long. Fix this by casting next and
jiffies independently to u64 before subtracting them.
(Spotted by Zachary Amsden <zach@vmware.com>)
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Add new vmsplice system call and add missing __NR_xxx defines for
sys_set_robust_list, sys_get_robust_list, sys_splice, sys_sync_file_range
and sys_tee.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Exploit rcu_needs_cpu() interface to keep the cpu 'ticking' if necessary.
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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* 'audit.b10' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/viro/audit-current:
[PATCH] Audit Filter Performance
[PATCH] Rework of IPC auditing
[PATCH] More user space subject labels
[PATCH] Reworked patch for labels on user space messages
[PATCH] change lspp ipc auditing
[PATCH] audit inode patch
[PATCH] support for context based audit filtering, part 2
[PATCH] support for context based audit filtering
[PATCH] no need to wank with task_lock() and pinning task down in audit_syscall_exit()
[PATCH] drop task argument of audit_syscall_{entry,exit}
[PATCH] drop gfp_mask in audit_log_exit()
[PATCH] move call of audit_free() into do_exit()
[PATCH] sockaddr patch
[PATCH] deal with deadlocks in audit_free()
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Consider return value of __put_user() when setting up a signal frame
instead of ignoring it.
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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... it's always current, and that's a good thing - allows simpler locking.
Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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Add sys_set_robust_list, sys_get_robust_list, sys_splice, sys_sync_file and
sys_tee system calls.
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Add a read_mostly section and define __read_mostly to prevent cache line
pollution due to writes for mostly read variables. In addition fix the
incorrect alignment of the cache_line_aligned data section. s390 has a
cacheline size of 256 bytes.
Signed-off-by: Christian Borntraeger <cborntra@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Print a warning with the z/VM error code if segment_load, segment_type or
segment_save fail to ease the problem determination.
Signed-off-by: Gerald Schaefer <geraldsc@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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If a signal handler has been established with the SA_ONSTACK option but no
alternate stack is provided with sigaltstack(), the kernel still tries to
install the alternate stack. Also when setting an alternate stack with
sigalstack() and the SS_DISABLE flag, the kernel tries to install the
alternate stack on signal delivery. Use the correct conditions sas_ss_flags()
to check if the alternate stack has to be used.
Signed-off-by: Laurent Meyer <meyerlau@fr.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Few of the notifier_chain_register() callers use __devinitdata in the
definition of notifier_block data structure. It is incorrect as the
data structure should be available after the initializations (they do
not unregister them during initializations).
This was leading to an oops when notifier_chain_register() call is
invoked for those callback chains after initialization.
This patch fixes all such usages to _not_ have the notifier_block data
structure in the init data section.
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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-finline-limit might have been required for older compilers, but nowadays
it does no longer make sense.
Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Signed-off-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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for_each_cpu() actually iterates across all possible CPUs. We've had mistakes
in the past where people were using for_each_cpu() where they should have been
iterating across only online or present CPUs. This is inefficient and
possibly buggy.
We're renaming for_each_cpu() to for_each_possible_cpu() to avoid this in the
future.
This patch replaces for_each_cpu with for_each_possible_cpu.
Signed-off-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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The kernel's implementation of notifier chains is unsafe. There is no
protection against entries being added to or removed from a chain while the
chain is in use. The issues were discussed in this thread:
http://marc.theaimsgroup.com/?l=linux-kernel&m=113018709002036&w=2
We noticed that notifier chains in the kernel fall into two basic usage
classes:
"Blocking" chains are always called from a process context
and the callout routines are allowed to sleep;
"Atomic" chains can be called from an atomic context and
the callout routines are not allowed to sleep.
We decided to codify this distinction and make it part of the API. Therefore
this set of patches introduces three new, parallel APIs: one for blocking
notifiers, one for atomic notifiers, and one for "raw" notifiers (which is
really just the old API under a new name). New kinds of data structures are
used for the heads of the chains, and new routines are defined for
registration, unregistration, and calling a chain. The three APIs are
explained in include/linux/notifier.h and their implementation is in
kernel/sys.c.
With atomic and blocking chains, the implementation guarantees that the chain
links will not be corrupted and that chain callers will not get messed up by
entries being added or removed. For raw chains the implementation provides no
guarantees at all; users of this API must provide their own protections. (The
idea was that situations may come up where the assumptions of the atomic and
blocking APIs are not appropriate, so it should be possible for users to
handle these things in their own way.)
There are some limitations, which should not be too hard to live with. For
atomic/blocking chains, registration and unregistration must always be done in
a process context since the chain is protected by a mutex/rwsem. Also, a
callout routine for a non-raw chain must not try to register or unregister
entries on its own chain. (This did happen in a couple of places and the code
had to be changed to avoid it.)
Since atomic chains may be called from within an NMI handler, they cannot use
spinlocks for synchronization. Instead we use RCU. The overhead falls almost
entirely in the unregister routine, which is okay since unregistration is much
less frequent that calling a chain.
Here is the list of chains that we adjusted and their classifications. None
of them use the raw API, so for the moment it is only a placeholder.
ATOMIC CHAINS
-------------
arch/i386/kernel/traps.c: i386die_chain
arch/ia64/kernel/traps.c: ia64die_chain
arch/powerpc/kernel/traps.c: powerpc_die_chain
arch/sparc64/kernel/traps.c: sparc64die_chain
arch/x86_64/kernel/traps.c: die_chain
drivers/char/ipmi/ipmi_si_intf.c: xaction_notifier_list
kernel/panic.c: panic_notifier_list
kernel/profile.c: task_free_notifier
net/bluetooth/hci_core.c: hci_notifier
net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c: ip_conntrack_chain
net/ipv4/netfilter/ip_conntrack_core.c: ip_conntrack_expect_chain
net/ipv6/addrconf.c: inet6addr_chain
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c: nf_conntrack_chain
net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_core.c: nf_conntrack_expect_chain
net/netlink/af_netlink.c: netlink_chain
BLOCKING CHAINS
---------------
arch/powerpc/platforms/pseries/reconfig.c: pSeries_reconfig_chain
arch/s390/kernel/process.c: idle_chain
arch/x86_64/kernel/process.c idle_notifier
drivers/base/memory.c: memory_chain
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c cpufreq_policy_notifier_list
drivers/cpufreq/cpufreq.c cpufreq_transition_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/adb.c: adb_client_list
drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c sleep_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/via-pmu68k.c sleep_notifier_list
drivers/macintosh/windfarm_core.c wf_client_list
drivers/usb/core/notify.c usb_notifier_list
drivers/video/fbmem.c fb_notifier_list
kernel/cpu.c cpu_chain
kernel/module.c module_notify_list
kernel/profile.c munmap_notifier
kernel/profile.c task_exit_notifier
kernel/sys.c reboot_notifier_list
net/core/dev.c netdev_chain
net/decnet/dn_dev.c: dnaddr_chain
net/ipv4/devinet.c: inetaddr_chain
It's possible that some of these classifications are wrong. If they are,
please let us know or submit a patch to fix them. Note that any chain that
gets called very frequently should be atomic, because the rwsem read-locking
used for blocking chains is very likely to incur cache misses on SMP systems.
(However, if the chain's callout routines may sleep then the chain cannot be
atomic.)
The patch set was written by Alan Stern and Chandra Seetharaman, incorporating
material written by Keith Owens and suggestions from Paul McKenney and Andrew
Morton.
[jes@sgi.com: restructure the notifier chain initialization macros]
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
Signed-off-by: Chandra Seetharaman <sekharan@us.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jes Sorensen <jes@sgi.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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- remove generic_ffs()
- remove generic_fls()
- remove generic_fls64()
- remove generic_hweight{64,32,16,8}()
- remove minix_{test,set,test_and_clear,test,find_first_zero}_bit()
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com>
Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com>
Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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s/fucntion/function/ typo fixes
Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
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Paul Mackerras
Ingo Molnar
Heiko Carstens
Linus Torvalds
Christoph Lameter
Jörn Engel
Gerald Schaefer
Peter Oberparleiter
Martin Schwidefsky
Serge E. Hallyn
Chandra Seetharaman
KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki
Tobias Klauser
Andreas Mohr
Herbert Xu
Andrew Morton
Michael Holzheu
Al Viro
Christian Borntraeger
Laurent Meyer
Adrian Bunk
Alan Stern
Akinobu Mita