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Pull more block updates from Jens Axboe:
"A combination of changes that ended up depending on both the driver
and core branch (and/or the IDE removal), and a few late arriving
fixes. In detail:
- Fix io ticks wrap-around issue (Chunguang)
- nvme-tcp sock locking fix (Maurizio)
- s390-dasd fixes (Kees, Christoph)
- blk_execute_rq polling support (Keith)
- blk-cgroup RCU iteration fix (Yu)
- nbd backend ID addition (Prasanna)
- Partition deletion fix (Yufen)
- Use blk_mq_alloc_disk for mmc, mtip32xx, ubd (Christoph)
- Removal of now dead block request types due to IDE removal
(Christoph)
- Loop probing and control device cleanups (Christoph)
- Device uevent fix (Christoph)
- Misc cleanups/fixes (Tetsuo, Christoph)"
* tag 'block-5.14-2021-07-08' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (34 commits)
blk-cgroup: prevent rcu_sched detected stalls warnings while iterating blkgs
block: fix the problem of io_ticks becoming smaller
nvme-tcp: can't set sk_user_data without write_lock
loop: remove unused variable in loop_set_status()
block: remove the bdgrab in blk_drop_partitions
block: grab a device refcount in disk_uevent
s390/dasd: Avoid field over-reading memcpy()
dasd: unexport dasd_set_target_state
block: check disk exist before trying to add partition
ubd: remove dead code in ubd_setup_common
nvme: use return value from blk_execute_rq()
block: return errors from blk_execute_rq()
nvme: use blk_execute_rq() for passthrough commands
block: support polling through blk_execute_rq
block: remove REQ_OP_SCSI_{IN,OUT}
block: mark blk_mq_init_queue_data static
loop: rewrite loop_exit using idr_for_each_entry
loop: split loop_lookup
loop: don't allow deleting an unspecified loop device
loop: move loop_ctl_mutex locking into loop_add
...
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We run a test that create millions of cgroups and blkgs, and then trigger
blkg_destroy_all(). blkg_destroy_all() will hold spin lock for a long
time in such situation. Thus release the lock when a batch of blkgs are
destroyed.
blkcg_activate_policy() and blkcg_deactivate_policy() might have the
same problem, however, as they are basically only called from module
init/exit paths, let's leave them alone for now.
Signed-off-by: Yu Kuai <yukuai3@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210707015649.1929797-1-yukuai3@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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On the IO submission path, blk_account_io_start() may interrupt
the system interruption. When the interruption returns, the value
of part->stamp may have been updated by other cores, so the time
value collected before the interruption may be less than part->
stamp. So when this happens, we should do nothing to make io_ticks
more accurate? For kernels less than 5.0, this may cause io_ticks
to become smaller, which in turn may cause abnormal ioutil values.
Signed-off-by: Chunguang Xu <brookxu@tencent.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/1625521646-1069-1-git-send-email-brookxu.cn@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Commit d2bcbeab4200 ("scsi: blkcg: Add app identifier support for
blkcg") introduced an FC_APPID config option under SCSI. However, the
added config option is not used anywhere. Simply remove it.
The block layer BLK_CGROUP_FC_APPID config option is what actually
controls whether the application ID code should be built or not. Make
this option dependent on NVMe over FC since that is currently the only
transport which supports the capability.
Fixes: d2bcbeab4200 ("scsi: blkcg: Add app identifier support for blkcg")
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Martin K. Petersen <martin.petersen@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Pull SCSI updates from James Bottomley:
"This series consists of the usual driver updates (ufs, ibmvfc,
megaraid_sas, lpfc, elx, mpi3mr, qedi, iscsi, storvsc, mpt3sas) with
elx and mpi3mr being new drivers.
The major core change is a rework to drop the status byte handling
macros and the old bit shifted definitions and the rest of the updates
are minor fixes"
* tag 'scsi-misc' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jejb/scsi: (287 commits)
scsi: aha1740: Avoid over-read of sense buffer
scsi: arcmsr: Avoid over-read of sense buffer
scsi: ips: Avoid over-read of sense buffer
scsi: ufs: ufs-mediatek: Add missing of_node_put() in ufs_mtk_probe()
scsi: elx: libefc: Fix IRQ restore in efc_domain_dispatch_frame()
scsi: elx: libefc: Fix less than zero comparison of a unsigned int
scsi: elx: efct: Fix pointer error checking in debugfs init
scsi: elx: efct: Fix is_originator return code type
scsi: elx: efct: Fix link error for _bad_cmpxchg
scsi: elx: efct: Eliminate unnecessary boolean check in efct_hw_command_cancel()
scsi: elx: efct: Do not use id uninitialized in efct_lio_setup_session()
scsi: elx: efct: Fix error handling in efct_hw_init()
scsi: elx: efct: Remove redundant initialization of variable lun
scsi: elx: efct: Fix spelling mistake "Unexected" -> "Unexpected"
scsi: lpfc: Fix build error in lpfc_scsi.c
scsi: target: iscsi: Remove redundant continue statement
scsi: qla4xxx: Remove redundant continue statement
scsi: ppa: Switch to use module_parport_driver()
scsi: imm: Switch to use module_parport_driver()
scsi: mpt3sas: Fix error return value in _scsih_expander_add()
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Pull asm/unaligned.h unification from Arnd Bergmann:
"Unify asm/unaligned.h around struct helper
The get_unaligned()/put_unaligned() helpers are traditionally
architecture specific, with the two main variants being the
"access-ok.h" version that assumes unaligned pointer accesses always
work on a particular architecture, and the "le-struct.h" version that
casts the data to a byte aligned type before dereferencing, for
architectures that cannot always do unaligned accesses in hardware.
Based on the discussion linked below, it appears that the access-ok
version is not realiable on any architecture, but the struct version
probably has no downsides. This series changes the code to use the
same implementation on all architectures, addressing the few
exceptions separately"
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/75d07691-1e4f-741f-9852-38c0b4f520bc@synopsys.com/
Link: https://gcc.gnu.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=100363
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20210507220813.365382-14-arnd@kernel.org/
Link: git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic.git unaligned-rework-v2
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAHk-=whGObOKruA_bU3aPGZfoDqZM1_9wBkwREp0H0FgR-90uQ@mail.gmail.com/
* tag 'asm-generic-unaligned-5.14' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/arnd/asm-generic:
asm-generic: simplify asm/unaligned.h
asm-generic: uaccess: 1-byte access is always aligned
netpoll: avoid put_unaligned() on single character
mwifiex: re-fix for unaligned accesses
apparmor: use get_unaligned() only for multi-byte words
partitions: msdos: fix one-byte get_unaligned()
asm-generic: unaligned always use struct helpers
asm-generic: unaligned: remove byteshift helpers
powerpc: use linux/unaligned/le_struct.h on LE power7
m68k: select CONFIG_HAVE_EFFICIENT_UNALIGNED_ACCESS
sh: remove unaligned access for sh4a
openrisc: always use unaligned-struct header
asm-generic: use asm-generic/unaligned.h for most architectures
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There is no need to hold a bdev reference when removing the partition.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210701081638.246552-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Sending uevents requires the struct device to be alive. To
ensure that grab the device refcount instead of just an inode
reference.
Fixes: bc359d03c7ec ("block: add a disk_uevent helper")
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210701081638.246552-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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If disk have been deleted, we should return fail for ioctl
BLKPG_DEL_PARTITION. Otherwise, the directory /sys/class/block
may remain invalid symlinks file. The race as following:
blkdev_open
del_gendisk
disk->flags &= ~GENHD_FL_UP;
blk_drop_partitions
blkpg_ioctl
bdev_add_partition
add_partition
device_add
device_add_class_symlinks
ioctl may add_partition after del_gendisk() have tried to delete
partitions. Then, symlinks file will be created.
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Yufen Yu <yuyufen@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210610023241.3646241-1-yuyufen@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Pull device mapper updates from Mike Snitzer:
- Various DM persistent-data library improvements and fixes that
benefit both the DM thinp and cache targets.
- A few small DM kcopyd efficiency improvements.
- Significant zoned related block core, DM core and DM zoned target
changes that culminate with adding zoned append emulation (which is
required to properly fix DM crypt's zoned support).
- Various DM writecache target changes that improve efficiency. Adds an
optional "metadata_only" feature that only promotes bios flagged with
REQ_META. But the most significant improvement is writecache's
ability to pause writeback, for a confiurable time, if/when the
working set is larger than the cache (and the cache is full) -- this
ensures performance is no worse than the slower origin device.
* tag 'for-5.14/dm-changes' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/device-mapper/linux-dm: (35 commits)
dm writecache: make writeback pause configurable
dm writecache: pause writeback if cache full and origin being written directly
dm io tracker: factor out IO tracker
dm btree remove: assign new_root only when removal succeeds
dm zone: fix dm_revalidate_zones() memory allocation
dm ps io affinity: remove redundant continue statement
dm writecache: add optional "metadata_only" parameter
dm writecache: add "cleaner" and "max_age" to Documentation
dm writecache: write at least 4k when committing
dm writecache: flush origin device when writing and cache is full
dm writecache: have ssd writeback wait if the kcopyd workqueue is busy
dm writecache: use list_move instead of list_del/list_add in writecache_writeback()
dm writecache: commit just one block, not a full page
dm writecache: remove unused gfp_t argument from wc_add_block()
dm crypt: Fix zoned block device support
dm: introduce zone append emulation
dm: rearrange core declarations for extended use from dm-zone.c
block: introduce BIO_ZONE_WRITE_LOCKED bio flag
block: introduce bio zone helpers
block: improve handling of all zones reset operation
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The synchronous blk_execute_rq() had not provided a way for its callers
to know if its request was successful or not. Return the blk_status_t
result of the request.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210610214437.641245-4-kbusch@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Poll for completions if the request's hctx is a polling type.
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210610214437.641245-2-kbusch@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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With the legacy IDE driver gone drivers now use either REQ_OP_DRV_*
or REQ_OP_SCSI_*, so unify the two concepts of passthrough requests
into a single one.
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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All driver uses are gone now.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624081012.256464-1-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Pull block driver updates from Jens Axboe:
"Pretty calm round, mostly just NVMe and a bit of MD:
- NVMe updates (via Christoph)
- improve the APST configuration algorithm (Alexey Bogoslavsky)
- look for StorageD3Enable on companion ACPI device
(Mario Limonciello)
- allow selecting the network interface for TCP connections
(Martin Belanger)
- misc cleanups (Amit Engel, Chaitanya Kulkarni, Colin Ian King,
Christoph)
- move the ACPI StorageD3 code to drivers/acpi/ and add quirks
for certain AMD CPUs (Mario Limonciello)
- zoned device support for nvmet (Chaitanya Kulkarni)
- fix the rules for changing the serial number in nvmet
(Noam Gottlieb)
- various small fixes and cleanups (Dan Carpenter, JK Kim,
Chaitanya Kulkarni, Hannes Reinecke, Wesley Sheng, Geert
Uytterhoeven, Daniel Wagner)
- MD updates (Via Song)
- iostats rewrite (Guoqing Jiang)
- raid5 lock contention optimization (Gal Ofri)
- Fall through warning fix (Gustavo)
- Misc fixes (Gustavo, Jiapeng)"
* tag 'for-5.14/drivers-2021-06-29' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (78 commits)
nvmet: use NVMET_MAX_NAMESPACES to set nn value
loop: Fix missing discard support when using LOOP_CONFIGURE
nvme.h: add missing nvme_lba_range_type endianness annotations
nvme: remove zeroout memset call for struct
nvme-pci: remove zeroout memset call for struct
nvmet: remove zeroout memset call for struct
nvmet: add ZBD over ZNS backend support
nvmet: add Command Set Identifier support
nvmet: add nvmet_req_bio put helper for backends
nvmet: add req cns error complete helper
block: export blk_next_bio()
nvmet: remove local variable
nvmet: use nvme status value directly
nvmet: use u32 type for the local variable nsid
nvmet: use u32 for nvmet_subsys max_nsid
nvmet: use req->cmd directly in file-ns fast path
nvmet: use req->cmd directly in bdev-ns fast path
nvmet: make ver stable once connection established
nvmet: allow mn change if subsys not discovered
nvmet: make sn stable once connection was established
...
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Pull core block updates from Jens Axboe:
- disk events cleanup (Christoph)
- gendisk and request queue allocation simplifications (Christoph)
- bdev_disk_changed cleanups (Christoph)
- IO priority improvements (Bart)
- Chained bio completion trace fix (Edward)
- blk-wbt fixes (Jan)
- blk-wbt enable/disable fix (Zhang)
- Scheduler dispatch improvements (Jan, Ming)
- Shared tagset scheduler improvements (John)
- BFQ updates (Paolo, Luca, Pietro)
- BFQ lock inversion fix (Jan)
- Documentation improvements (Kir)
- CLONE_IO block cgroup fix (Tejun)
- Remove of ancient and deprecated block dump feature (zhangyi)
- Discard merge fix (Ming)
- Misc fixes or followup fixes (Colin, Damien, Dan, Long, Max, Thomas,
Yang)
* tag 'for-5.14/block-2021-06-29' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (129 commits)
block: fix discard request merge
block/mq-deadline: Remove a WARN_ON_ONCE() call
blk-mq: update hctx->dispatch_busy in case of real scheduler
blk: Fix lock inversion between ioc lock and bfqd lock
bfq: Remove merged request already in bfq_requests_merged()
block: pass a gendisk to bdev_disk_changed
block: move bdev_disk_changed
block: add the events* attributes to disk_attrs
block: move the disk events code to a separate file
block: fix trace completion for chained bio
block/partitions/msdos: Fix typo inidicator -> indicator
block, bfq: reset waker pointer with shared queues
block, bfq: check waker only for queues with no in-flight I/O
block, bfq: avoid delayed merge of async queues
block, bfq: boost throughput by extending queue-merging times
block, bfq: consider also creation time in delayed stable merge
block, bfq: fix delayed stable merge check
block, bfq: let also stably merged queues enjoy weight raising
blk-wbt: make sure throttle is enabled properly
blk-wbt: introduce a new disable state to prevent false positive by rwb_enabled()
...
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ll_new_hw_segment() is reached only in case of single range discard
merge, and we don't have max discard segment size limit actually, so
it is wrong to run the following check:
if (req->nr_phys_segments + nr_phys_segs > blk_rq_get_max_segments(req))
it may be always false since req->nr_phys_segments is initialized as
one, and bio's segment count is still 1, blk_rq_get_max_segments(reg)
is 1 too.
Fix the issue by not doing the check and bypassing the calculation of
discard request's nr_phys_segments.
Based on analysis from Wang Shanker.
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reported-by: Wang Shanker <shankerwangmiao@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210628023312.1903255-1-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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The purpose of the WARN_ON_ONCE() statement in dd_insert_request() is to
verify that dd_prepare_request() cleared rq->elv.priv[0]. Since
dd_prepare_request() is called during request initialization but not if a
request is requeued, a warning is triggered if a request is requeued. Fix
this by removing the WARN_ON_ONCE() statement. This patch suppresses the
following kernel warning:
WARNING: CPU: 28 PID: 432 at block/mq-deadline-main.c:740 dd_insert_request+0x4d4/0x5b0
Workqueue: kblockd blk_mq_requeue_work
Call Trace:
dd_insert_requests+0xfa/0x130
blk_mq_sched_insert_request+0x22c/0x240
blk_mq_requeue_work+0x21c/0x2d0
process_one_work+0x4c2/0xa70
worker_thread+0x2e5/0x6d0
kthread+0x21c/0x250
ret_from_fork+0x1f/0x30
Reported-by: Sachin Sant <sachinp@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Fixes: 08a9ad8bf607 ("block/mq-deadline: Add cgroup support")
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210627211112.12720-1-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Commit 6e6fcbc27e77 ("blk-mq: support batching dispatch in case of io")
starts to support io batching submission by using hctx->dispatch_busy.
However, blk_mq_update_dispatch_busy() isn't changed to update hctx->dispatch_busy
in that commit, so fix the issue by updating hctx->dispatch_busy in case
of real scheduler.
Reported-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Fixes: 6e6fcbc27e77 ("blk-mq: support batching dispatch in case of io")
Signed-off-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210625020248.1630497-1-ming.lei@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Lockdep complains about lock inversion between ioc->lock and bfqd->lock:
bfqd -> ioc:
put_io_context+0x33/0x90 -> ioc->lock grabbed
blk_mq_free_request+0x51/0x140
blk_put_request+0xe/0x10
blk_attempt_req_merge+0x1d/0x30
elv_attempt_insert_merge+0x56/0xa0
blk_mq_sched_try_insert_merge+0x4b/0x60
bfq_insert_requests+0x9e/0x18c0 -> bfqd->lock grabbed
blk_mq_sched_insert_requests+0xd6/0x2b0
blk_mq_flush_plug_list+0x154/0x280
blk_finish_plug+0x40/0x60
ext4_writepages+0x696/0x1320
do_writepages+0x1c/0x80
__filemap_fdatawrite_range+0xd7/0x120
sync_file_range+0xac/0xf0
ioc->bfqd:
bfq_exit_icq+0xa3/0xe0 -> bfqd->lock grabbed
put_io_context_active+0x78/0xb0 -> ioc->lock grabbed
exit_io_context+0x48/0x50
do_exit+0x7e9/0xdd0
do_group_exit+0x54/0xc0
To avoid this inversion we change blk_mq_sched_try_insert_merge() to not
free the merged request but rather leave that upto the caller similarly
to blk_mq_sched_try_merge(). And in bfq_insert_requests() we make sure
to free all the merged requests after dropping bfqd->lock.
Fixes: aee69d78dec0 ("block, bfq: introduce the BFQ-v0 I/O scheduler as an extra scheduler")
Reviewed-by: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210623093634.27879-3-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Currently, bfq does very little in bfq_requests_merged() and handles all
the request cleanup in bfq_finish_requeue_request() called from
blk_mq_free_request(). That is currently safe only because
blk_mq_free_request() is called shortly after bfq_requests_merged()
while bfqd->lock is still held. However to fix a lock inversion between
bfqd->lock and ioc->lock, we need to call blk_mq_free_request() after
dropping bfqd->lock. That would mean that already merged request could
be seen by other processes inside bfq queues and possibly dispatched to
the device which is wrong. So move cleanup of the request from
bfq_finish_requeue_request() to bfq_requests_merged().
Acked-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210623093634.27879-2-jack@suse.cz
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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bdev_disk_changed can only operate on whole devices. Make that clear
by passing a gendisk instead of the struct block_device.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624123240.441814-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Move bdev_disk_changed to block/partitions/core.c, together with the
rest of the partition scanning code.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624123240.441814-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Add the events attributes to the disk_attrs array, which ensures they are
added by the driver core when the device is created rather than adding
them after the device has been added, which is racy versus uevents and
requires more boilerplate code.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624073843.251178-3-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Move the code for handling disk events from genhd.c into a new file
as it isn't very related to the rest of the file while at the same
time requiring lots of forward declarations.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624073843.251178-2-hch@lst.de
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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For chained bio, trace_block_bio_complete in bio_endio is currently called
only by the parent bio once upon all chained bio completed.
However, the sector and size for the parent bio are modified in bio_split.
Therefore, the size and sector of the complete events might not match the
queue events in blktrace.
The original fix of bio completion trace <fbbaf700e7b1> ("block: trace
completion of all bios.") wants multiple complete events to correspond
to one queue event but missed this.
The issue can be reproduced by md/raid5 read with bio cross chunks.
To fix, move trace completion into the loop for every chained bio to call.
Fixes: fbbaf700e7b1 ("block: trace completion of all bios.")
Reviewed-by: Wade Liang <wadel@synology.com>
Reviewed-by: BingJing Chang <bingjingc@synology.com>
Signed-off-by: Edward Hsieh <edwardh@synology.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210624123030.27014-1-edwardh@synology.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Just a fix for a small typo in msdos_partition().
Signed-off-by: Thomas Bracht Laumann Jespersen <t@laumann.xyz>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619195130.19348-1-t@laumann.xyz
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Commit 85686d0dc194 ("block, bfq: keep shared queues out of the waker
mechanism") leaves shared bfq_queues out of the waker-detection
mechanism. It attains this goal by not updating the pointer
last_completed_rq_bfqq, if the last request completed belongs to a
shared bfq_queue (so that the pointer will not point to the shared
bfq_queue).
Yet this has a side effect: the pointer last_completed_rq_bfqq keeps
pointing, deceptively, to a bfq_queue that actually is not the last
one to have had a request completed. As a consequence, such a
bfq_queue may deceptively be considered as a waker of some bfq_queue,
even of some shared bfq_queue.
To address this issue, reset last_completed_rq_bfqq if the last
request completed belongs to a shared queue.
Fixes: 85686d0dc194 ("block, bfq: keep shared queues out of the waker mechanism")
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-8-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Consider two bfq_queues, say Q1 and Q2, with Q2 empty. If a request of
Q1 gets completed shortly before a new request arrives for Q2, then
BFQ flags Q1 as a candidate waker for Q2. Yet, the arrival of this new
request may have a different cause, in the following case. If also Q2
has requests in flight while waiting for the arrival of a new request,
then the completion of its own requests may be the actual cause of the
awakening of the process that sends I/O to Q2. So Q1 may be flagged
wrongly as a candidate waker.
This commit avoids this deceptive flagging, by disabling
candidate-waker flagging for Q2, if Q2 has in-flight I/O.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-7-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Since commit 430a67f9d616 ("block, bfq: merge bursts of newly-created
queues"), BFQ may schedule a merge between a newly created sync
bfq_queue, say Q2, and the last sync bfq_queue created, say Q1. To this
goal, BFQ stores the address of Q1 in the field bic->stable_merge_bfqq
of the bic associated with Q2. So, when the time for the possible merge
arrives, BFQ knows which bfq_queue to merge Q2 with. In particular,
BFQ checks for possible merges on request arrivals.
Yet the same bic may also be associated with an async bfq_queue, say
Q3. So, if a request for Q3 arrives, then the above check may happen
to be executed while the bfq_queue at hand is Q3, instead of Q2. In
this case, Q1 happens to be merged with an async bfq_queue. This is
not only a conceptual mistake, because async queues are to be kept out
of queue merging, but also a bug that leads to inconsistent states.
This commits simply filters async queues out of delayed merges.
Fixes: 430a67f9d616 ("block, bfq: merge bursts of newly-created queues")
Tested-by: Holger Hoffstätte <holger@applied-asynchrony.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-6-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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One of the methods with which bfq boosts throughput is by merging queues.
One of the merging variants in bfq is the stable merge.
This mechanism is activated between two queues only if they are created
within a certain maximum time T1 from each other.
Merging can happen soon or be delayed. In the second case, before
merging, bfq needs to evaluate a throughput-boost parameter that
indicates whether the queue generates a high throughput is served alone.
Merging occurs when this throughput-boost is not high enough.
In particular, this parameter is evaluated and late merging may occur
only after at least a time T2 from the creation of the queue.
Currently T1 and T2 are set to 180ms and 200ms, respectively.
In this way the merging mechanism rarely occurs because time is not
enough. This results in a noticeable lowering of the overall throughput
with some workloads (see the example below).
This commit introduces two constants bfq_activation_stable_merging and
bfq_late_stable_merging in order to increase the duration of T1 and T2.
Both the stable merging activation time and the late merging
time are set to 600ms. This value has been experimentally evaluated
using sqlite benchmark in the Phoronix Test Suite on a HDD.
The duration of the benchmark before this fix was 111.02s, while now
it has reached 97.02s, a better result than that of all the other
schedulers.
Signed-off-by: Pietro Pedroni <pedroni.pietro.96@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-5-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Since commit 430a67f9d616 ("block, bfq: merge bursts of newly-created
queues"), BFQ may schedule a merge between a newly created sync
bfq_queue and the last sync bfq_queue created. Such a merging is not
performed immediately, because BFQ needs first to find out whether the
newly created queue actually reaches a higher throughput if not merged
at all (and in that case BFQ will not perform any stable merging). To
check that, a little time must be waited after the creation of the new
queue, so that some I/O can flow in the queue, and statistics on such
I/O can be computed.
Yet, to evaluate the above waiting time, the last split time is
considered as start time, instead of the creation time of the
queue. This is a mistake, because considering the split time is
correct only in the following scenario.
The queue undergoes a non-stable merges on the arrival of its very
first I/O request, due to close I/O with some other queue. While the
queue is merged for close I/O, stable merging is not considered. Yet
the queue may then happen to be split, if the close I/O finishes (or
happens to be a false positive). From this time on, the queue can
again be considered for stable merging. But, again, a little time must
elapse, to let some new I/O flow in the queue and to get updated
statistics. To wait for this time, the split time is to be taken into
account.
Yet, if the queue does not undergo a non-stable merge on the arrival
of its very first request, then BFQ immediately checks whether the
stable merge is to be performed. It happens because the split time for
a queue is initialized to minus infinity when the queue is created.
This commit fixes this mistake by adding the missing condition. Now
the check for delayed stable-merge is performed after a little time is
elapsed not only from the last queue split time, but also from the
creation time of the queue.
Fixes: 430a67f9d616 ("block, bfq: merge bursts of newly-created queues")
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-4-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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When attempting to schedule a merge of a given bfq_queue with the currently
in-service bfq_queue or with a cooperating bfq_queue among the scheduled
bfq_queues, delayed stable merge is checked for rotational or non-queueing
devs. For this stable merge to be performed, some conditions must be met.
If the current bfq_queue underwent some split from some merged bfq_queue,
one of these conditions is that two hundred milliseconds must elapse from
split, otherwise this condition is always met.
Unfortunately, by mistake, time_is_after_jiffies() was written instead of
time_is_before_jiffies() for this check, verifying that less than two
hundred milliseconds have elapsed instead of verifying that at least two
hundred milliseconds have elapsed.
Fix this issue by replacing time_is_after_jiffies() with
time_is_before_jiffies().
Signed-off-by: Luca Mariotti <mariottiluca1@hotmail.it>
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@unimore.it>
Signed-off-by: Pietro Pedroni <pedroni.pietro.96@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-3-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Merged bfq_queues are kept out of weight-raising (low-latency)
mechanisms. The reason is that these queues are usually created for
non-interactive and non-soft-real-time tasks. Yet this is not the case
for stably-merged queues. These queues are merged just because they
are created shortly after each other. So they may easily serve the I/O
of an interactive or soft-real time application, if the application
happens to spawn multiple processes.
To address this issue, this commits lets also stably-merged queued
enjoy weight raising.
Signed-off-by: Paolo Valente <paolo.valente@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619140948.98712-2-paolo.valente@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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After commit a79050434b45 ("blk-rq-qos: refactor out common elements of
blk-wbt"), if throttle was disabled by wbt_disable_default(), we could
not enable again, fix this by set enable_state back to
WBT_STATE_ON_DEFAULT.
Fixes: a79050434b45 ("blk-rq-qos: refactor out common elements of blk-wbt")
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619093700.920393-3-yi.zhang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Now that we disable wbt by simply zero out rwb->wb_normal in
wbt_disable_default() when switch elevator to bfq, but it's not safe
because it will become false positive if we change queue depth. If it
become false positive between wbt_wait() and wbt_track() when submit
write request, it will lead to drop rqw->inflight to -1 in wbt_done(),
which will end up trigger IO hung. Fix this issue by introduce a new
state which mean the wbt was disabled.
Fixes: a79050434b45 ("blk-rq-qos: refactor out common elements of blk-wbt")
Signed-off-by: Zhang Yi <yi.zhang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210619093700.920393-2-yi.zhang@huawei.com
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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While one or more requests with a certain I/O priority are pending, do not
dispatch lower priority requests. Dispatch lower priority requests anyway
after the "aging" time has expired.
This patch has been tested as follows:
modprobe scsi_debug ndelay=1000000 max_queue=16 &&
sd='' &&
while [ -z "$sd" ]; do
sd=/dev/$(basename /sys/bus/pseudo/drivers/scsi_debug/adapter*/host*/target*/*/block/*)
done &&
echo $((100*1000)) > /sys/block/$sd/queue/iosched/aging_expire &&
cd /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio/ &&
echo $$ >cgroup.procs &&
echo restrict-to-be >blkio.prio.class &&
mkdir -p hipri &&
cd hipri &&
echo none-to-rt >blkio.prio.class &&
{ max-iops -a1 -d32 -j1 -e mq-deadline $sd >& ~/low-pri.txt & } &&
echo $$ >cgroup.procs &&
max-iops -a1 -d32 -j1 -e mq-deadline $sd >& ~/hi-pri.txt
Result:
* 11000 IOPS for the high-priority job
* 40 IOPS for the low-priority job
If the aging expiry time is changed from 100s into 0, the IOPS results change
into 6712 and 6796 IOPS.
The max-iops script is a script that runs fio with the following arguments:
--bs=4K --gtod_reduce=1 --ioengine=libaio --ioscheduler=${arg_e} --runtime=60
--norandommap --rw=read --thread --buffered=0 --numjobs=${arg_j}
--iodepth=${arg_d} --iodepth_batch_submit=${arg_a}
--iodepth_batch_complete=$((arg_d / 2)) --name=${positional_argument_1}
--filename=${positional_argument_1}
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-17-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Maintain statistics per cgroup and export these to user space. These
statistics are essential for verifying whether the proper I/O priorities
have been assigned to requests. An example of the statistics data with
this patch applied:
$ cat /sys/fs/cgroup/io.stat
11:2 rbytes=0 wbytes=0 rios=3 wios=0 dbytes=0 dios=0 [NONE] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=171 [RT] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=0 [BE] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=0 [IDLE] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=0
8:32 rbytes=2142720 wbytes=0 rios=105 wios=0 dbytes=0 dios=0 [NONE] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=171 [RT] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=0 [BE] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=0 [IDLE] dispatched=0 inserted=0 merged=0
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-16-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Track I/O statistics per I/O priority and export these statistics to
debugfs. These statistics help developers of the deadline scheduler.
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-15-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Maintain one dispatch list and one FIFO list per I/O priority class: RT, BE
and IDLE. Maintain statistics for each priority level. Split the debugfs
attributes per priority level as follows:
$ ls /sys/kernel/debug/block/.../sched/
async_depth dispatch2 read_next_rq write2_fifo_list
batching read0_fifo_list starved write_next_rq
dispatch0 read1_fifo_list write0_fifo_list
dispatch1 read2_fifo_list write1_fifo_list
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-14-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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When dispatching the first request of a batch, the deadline_move_request()
call clears .next_rq[] for the opposite data direction. .next_rq[] is not
restored when changing data direction. Fix this by not clearing .next_rq[]
and by keeping track of the data direction of a batch in a variable instead.
This patch is a micro-optimization because:
- The number of deadline_next_request() calls for the read direction is
halved.
- The number of times that deadline_next_request() returns NULL is reduced.
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-13-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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For interactive workloads it is important that synchronous requests are
not delayed. Hence reserve 25% of scheduler tags for synchronous requests.
This patch still allows asynchronous requests to fill the hardware queues
since blk_mq_init_sched() makes sure that the number of scheduler requests
is the double of the hardware queue depth. From blk_mq_init_sched():
q->nr_requests = 2 * min_t(unsigned int, q->tag_set->queue_depth,
BLKDEV_MAX_RQ);
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-12-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Define separate macros for integers and jiffies to improve readability.
Use sysfs_emit() and kstrtoint() instead of sprintf() and simple_strtol().
The former functions are the recommended functions.
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-11-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Modern compilers complain if an out-of-range value is passed to a function
argument that has an enumeration type. Let the compiler detect out-of-range
data direction arguments instead of verifying the data_dir argument at
runtime.
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-10-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
|
Change "queue" into "sched" to make the function names reflect better the
purpose of these functions.
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-9-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
|
Make __dd_dispatch_request() easier to read by removing two local
variables.
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-8-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
|
Document the locking strategy by adding two lockdep_assert_held()
statements.
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-7-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
|
Make the code easier to read by adding more comments.
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-6-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
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Introduce an rq-qos policy that assigns an I/O priority to requests based
on blk-cgroup configuration settings. This policy has the following
advantages over the ioprio_set() system call:
- This policy is cgroup based so it has all the advantages of cgroups.
- While ioprio_set() does not affect page cache writeback I/O, this rq-qos
controller affects page cache writeback I/O for filesystems that support
assiociating a cgroup with writeback I/O. See also
Documentation/admin-guide/cgroup-v2.rst.
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-5-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
|
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rq_qos_id_to_name() is only used in blk-mq-debugfs.c so move that function
into in blk-mq-debugfs.c.
Cc: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Cc: Hannes Reinecke <hare@suse.de>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Ming Lei <ming.lei@redhat.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Bart Van Assche <bvanassche@acm.org>
Reviewed-by: Himanshu Madhani <himanshu.madhani@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210618004456.7280-4-bvanassche@acm.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Linus Torvalds
Yu Kuai
Chunguang Xu
Martin K. Petersen
Christoph Hellwig
Yufen Yu
Keith Busch
Ming Lei
Bart Van Assche
Jan Kara
Edward Hsieh
Thomas Bracht Laumann Jespersen
Paolo Valente
Pietro Pedroni
Luca Mariotti
Zhang Yi