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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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It looks like arm-charlcd.c belongs to auxdisplay subsystem.
Move it to drivers/auxdisplay folder.
No functional changes intended.
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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It looks like panel.c belongs to auxdisplay subsystem.
Move it to drivers/auxdisplay folder.
No functional changes intended.
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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The Hitachi HD44780 Character LCD Controller is commonly used on
character LCDs that can display one or more lines of text.
This driver supports character LCDs connected to GPIOs, using either a
4-bit or 8-bit data bus, and provides access through the charlcd core
and /dev/lcd.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Extract the character LCD core from the Parallel port LCD/Keypad Panel
driver in the misc subsystem, and convert it into a subdriver in the
auxdisplay subsystem. This allows the character LCD core to be used by
other drivers later.
Compilation is controlled by its own Kconfig symbol CHARLCD, which is to
be selected by its users, but can be enabled manually for
compile-testing.
All functions changed their prefix from "lcd_" to "charlcd_", and gained
a "struct charlcd *" parameter to operate on a specific instance.
While the driver API thus is ready to support multiple instances, the
current limitation of a single display (/dev/lcd has a single misc minor
assigned) is retained.
No functional changes intended.
Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Added a driver for the Holtek HT16K33 LED controller with keyscan.
Signed-off-by: Robin van der Gracht <robin@protonic.nl>
CC: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Rob Herring <robh@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Linus Walleij <linus.walleij@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Add a driver for simple ASCII LCD displays found on the MIPS Boston,
Malta & SEAD3 development boards. The Boston display is an independent
memory mapped device with a simple memory mapped 8 byte register space
containing the 8 ASCII characters to display. The Malta display is
exposed as part of the Malta board registers, and provides 8 registers
each of which corresponds to one of the ASCII characters to display. The
SEAD3 display is slightly more complex, exposing an interface to an
S6A0069 LCD controller via registers provided by the boards CPLD.
However although the displays differ in their register interface, we
require similar functionality on each board so abstracting away the
differences within a single driver allows us to share a significant
amount of code & ensure consistent behaviour.
The driver displays the Linux kernel version as the default message, but
allows the message to be changed via a character device. Messages longer
then the number of characters that the display can show will scroll.
This provides different behaviour to the existing LCD display code for
the MIPS Malta or MIPS SEAD3 platforms in the following ways:
- The default string to display is not "LINUX ON MALTA" or "LINUX ON
SEAD3" but "Linux" followed by the version number of the kernel
(UTS_RELEASE).
- Since that string tends to be significantly longer it scrolls twice
as fast, moving every 500ms rather than every 1s.
- The LCD won't be updated until the driver is probed, so it doesn't
provide the early "LINUX" string.
Signed-off-by: Paul Burton <paul.burton@imgtec.com>
Cc: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab@kernel.org>
Cc: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Cc: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: linux-mips@linux-mips.org
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Patchwork: https://patchwork.linux-mips.org/patch/14062/
Signed-off-by: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org>
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Add support for auxiliary displays, the ks0108 LCD controller, the
cfag12864b LCD and adds a framebuffer device: cfag12864bfb.
- Add a "auxdisplay/" folder in "drivers/" for auxiliary display
drivers.
- Add support for the ks0108 LCD Controller as a device driver. (uses
parport interface)
- Add support for the cfag12864b LCD as a device driver. (uses ks0108
LCD Controller driver)
- Add a framebuffer device called cfag12864bfb. (uses cfag12864b LCD
driver)
- Add the usual Documentation, includes, Makefiles, Kconfigs,
MAINTAINERS, CREDITS...
- Miguel Ojeda will maintain all the stuff above.
[rdunlap@xenotime.net: workqueue fixups]
[akpm@osdl.org: kconfig fix]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda Sandonis <maxextreme@gmail.com>
Cc: Greg KH <greg@kroah.com>
Acked-by: Paulo Marques <pmarques@grupopie.com>
Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Greg Kroah-Hartman
Andy Shevchenko
Geert Uytterhoeven
Robin van der Gracht
Paul Burton
Miguel Ojeda Sandonis