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There is a static variable "idle_wakeup_counter", which accounts for
number of wake ups because of IRQs and take actions to compensate idle
injection. This is now read and reset to 0, but never incremented.
So all the usage of this counter for idle injection has no use.
Also another static variable "reduce_irq", which depends on
"idle_wakeup_counter", so remove usage of "reduce_irq" also.
Commit feb6cd6a0f9f ("thermal/intel_powerclamp: stop sched tick in
forced idle") replaced the local use of "mwait_idle_with_hints" with
play_idle(). This removed possibility of updating "idle_wakeup_counter"
without change in play_idle(). This change was made in Linux 4.10.
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
[ rjw: Changelog edits ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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When CPU 0 is offline and intel_powerclamp is used to inject
idle, it generates kernel BUG:
BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000] code: bash/15687
caller is debug_smp_processor_id+0x17/0x20
CPU: 4 PID: 15687 Comm: bash Not tainted 5.19.0-rc7+ #57
Call Trace:
<TASK>
dump_stack_lvl+0x49/0x63
dump_stack+0x10/0x16
check_preemption_disabled+0xdd/0xe0
debug_smp_processor_id+0x17/0x20
powerclamp_set_cur_state+0x7f/0xf9 [intel_powerclamp]
...
...
Here CPU 0 is the control CPU by default and changed to the current CPU,
if CPU 0 offlined. This check has to be performed under cpus_read_lock(),
hence the above warning.
Use get_cpu() instead of smp_processor_id() to avoid this BUG.
Suggested-by: Chen Yu <yu.c.chen@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Srinivas Pandruvada <srinivas.pandruvada@linux.intel.com>
[ rjw: Subject edits ]
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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It is sufficient to check priv->data_vault once in the error code path
of int3400_thermal_probe(), so do that.
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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My Bootlin address is preferred from now on.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220826130515.3011951-1-luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com
Signed-off-by: Luca Ceresoli <luca.ceresoli@bootlin.com>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Atish Patra <atishp@atishpatra.org>
Cc: Hans Verkuil <hverkuil-cisco@xs4all.nl>
Cc: Thomas Petazzoni <thomas.petazzoni@bootlin.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Yu Zhao reported a bug after the commit "mm/swap: Add swp_offset_pfn() to
fetch PFN from swap entry" added a check in swp_offset_pfn() for swap type [1]:
kernel BUG at include/linux/swapops.h:117!
CPU: 46 PID: 5245 Comm: EventManager_De Tainted: G S O L 6.0.0-dbg-DEV #2
RIP: 0010:pfn_swap_entry_to_page+0x72/0xf0
Code: c6 48 8b 36 48 83 fe ff 74 53 48 01 d1 48 83 c1 08 48 8b 09 f6
c1 01 75 7b 66 90 48 89 c1 48 8b 09 f6 c1 01 74 74 5d c3 eb 9e <0f> 0b
48 ba ff ff ff ff 03 00 00 00 eb ae a9 ff 0f 00 00 75 13 48
RSP: 0018:ffffa59e73fabb80 EFLAGS: 00010282
RAX: 00000000ffffffe8 RBX: 0c00000000000000 RCX: ffffcd5440000000
RDX: 1ffffffffff7a80a RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: 0c0000000000042b
RBP: ffffa59e73fabb80 R08: ffff9965ca6e8bb8 R09: 0000000000000000
R10: ffffffffa5a2f62d R11: 0000030b372e9fff R12: ffff997b79db5738
R13: 000000000000042b R14: 0c0000000000042b R15: 1ffffffffff7a80a
FS: 00007f549d1bb700(0000) GS:ffff99d3cf680000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000440d035b3180 CR3: 0000002243176004 CR4: 00000000003706e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
<TASK>
change_pte_range+0x36e/0x880
change_p4d_range+0x2e8/0x670
change_protection_range+0x14e/0x2c0
mprotect_fixup+0x1ee/0x330
do_mprotect_pkey+0x34c/0x440
__x64_sys_mprotect+0x1d/0x30
It triggers because pfn_swap_entry_to_page() could be called upon e.g. a
genuine swap entry.
Fix it by only calling it when it's a write migration entry where the page*
is used.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CAOUHufaVC2Za-p8m0aiHw6YkheDcrO-C3wRGixwDS32VTS+k1w@mail.gmail.com/
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220823221138.45602-1-peterx@redhat.com
Fixes: 6c287605fd56 ("mm: remember exclusively mapped anonymous pages with PG_anon_exclusive")
Signed-off-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Reported-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Tested-by: Yu Zhao <yuzhao@google.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: "Huang, Ying" <ying.huang@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The decompressors may be called while in an atomic section. So move the
kmalloc() out of this path, and into the "page actor" init function.
This fixes a regression introduced by commit
f268eedddf35 ("squashfs: extend "page actor" to handle missing pages")
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220822215430.15933-1-phillip@squashfs.org.uk
Fixes: f268eedddf35 ("squashfs: extend "page actor" to handle missing pages")
Reported-by: Chris Murphy <lists@colorremedies.com>
Signed-off-by: Phillip Lougher <phillip@squashfs.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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When user tries to create a DAMON context via the DAMON debugfs interface
with a name of an already existing context, the context directory creation
fails but a new context is created and added in the internal data
structure, due to absence of the directory creation success check. As a
result, memory could leak and DAMON cannot be turned on. An example test
case is as below:
# cd /sys/kernel/debug/damon/
# echo "off" > monitor_on
# echo paddr > target_ids
# echo "abc" > mk_context
# echo "abc" > mk_context
# echo $$ > abc/target_ids
# echo "on" > monitor_on <<< fails
Return value of 'debugfs_create_dir()' is expected to be ignored in
general, but this is an exceptional case as DAMON feature is depending
on the debugfs functionality and it has the potential duplicate name
issue. This commit therefore fixes the issue by checking the directory
creation failure and immediately return the error in the case.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220821180853.2400-1-sj@kernel.org
Fixes: 75c1c2b53c78 ("mm/damon/dbgfs: support multiple contexts")
Signed-off-by: Badari Pulavarty <badari.pulavarty@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [ 5.15.x]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Colin King is working on kernel janitorial fixes in his spare time and
using his Intel email is confusing. Use his gmail account as the default
email address.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220817212753.101109-1-colin.i.king@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Colin Ian King <colin.i.king@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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There are two problems with the current code of memory_intersects:
First, it doesn't check whether the region (begin, end) falls inside the
region (virt, vend), that is (virt < begin && vend > end).
The second problem is if vend is equal to begin, it will return true but
this is wrong since vend (virt + size) is not the last address of the
memory region but (virt + size -1) is. The wrong determination will
trigger the misreporting when the function check_for_illegal_area calls
memory_intersects to check if the dma region intersects with stext region.
The misreporting is as below (stext is at 0x80100000):
WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 77 at kernel/dma/debug.c:1073 check_for_illegal_area+0x130/0x168
DMA-API: chipidea-usb2 e0002000.usb: device driver maps memory from kernel text or rodata [addr=800f0000] [len=65536]
Modules linked in:
CPU: 1 PID: 77 Comm: usb-storage Not tainted 5.19.0-yocto-standard #5
Hardware name: Xilinx Zynq Platform
unwind_backtrace from show_stack+0x18/0x1c
show_stack from dump_stack_lvl+0x58/0x70
dump_stack_lvl from __warn+0xb0/0x198
__warn from warn_slowpath_fmt+0x80/0xb4
warn_slowpath_fmt from check_for_illegal_area+0x130/0x168
check_for_illegal_area from debug_dma_map_sg+0x94/0x368
debug_dma_map_sg from __dma_map_sg_attrs+0x114/0x128
__dma_map_sg_attrs from dma_map_sg_attrs+0x18/0x24
dma_map_sg_attrs from usb_hcd_map_urb_for_dma+0x250/0x3b4
usb_hcd_map_urb_for_dma from usb_hcd_submit_urb+0x194/0x214
usb_hcd_submit_urb from usb_sg_wait+0xa4/0x118
usb_sg_wait from usb_stor_bulk_transfer_sglist+0xa0/0xec
usb_stor_bulk_transfer_sglist from usb_stor_bulk_srb+0x38/0x70
usb_stor_bulk_srb from usb_stor_Bulk_transport+0x150/0x360
usb_stor_Bulk_transport from usb_stor_invoke_transport+0x38/0x440
usb_stor_invoke_transport from usb_stor_control_thread+0x1e0/0x238
usb_stor_control_thread from kthread+0xf8/0x104
kthread from ret_from_fork+0x14/0x2c
Refactor memory_intersects to fix the two problems above.
Before the 1d7db834a027e ("dma-debug: use memory_intersects()
directly"), memory_intersects is called only by printk_late_init:
printk_late_init -> init_section_intersects ->memory_intersects.
There were few places where memory_intersects was called.
When commit 1d7db834a027e ("dma-debug: use memory_intersects()
directly") was merged and CONFIG_DMA_API_DEBUG is enabled, the DMA
subsystem uses it to check for an illegal area and the calltrace above
is triggered.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix nearby comment typo]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220819081145.948016-1-quanyang.wang@windriver.com
Fixes: 979559362516 ("asm/sections: add helpers to check for section data")
Signed-off-by: Quanyang Wang <quanyang.wang@windriver.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The vmemmap pages is marked by kmemleak when allocated from memblock.
Remove it from kmemleak when freeing the page. Otherwise, when we reuse
the page, kmemleak may report such an error and then stop working.
kmemleak: Cannot insert 0xffff98fb6eab3d40 into the object search tree (overlaps existing)
kmemleak: Kernel memory leak detector disabled
kmemleak: Object 0xffff98fb6be00000 (size 335544320):
kmemleak: comm "swapper", pid 0, jiffies 4294892296
kmemleak: min_count = 0
kmemleak: count = 0
kmemleak: flags = 0x1
kmemleak: checksum = 0
kmemleak: backtrace:
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220819094005.2928241-1-liushixin2@huawei.com
Fixes: f41f2ed43ca5 (mm: hugetlb: free the vmemmap pages associated with each HugeTLB page)
Signed-off-by: Liu Shixin <liushixin2@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Oscar Salvador <osalvador@suse.de>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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After commit 0737e01de9c4 ("ocfs2: ocfs2_mount_volume does cleanup job
before return error"), any procedure after ocfs2_dlm_init() fails will
trigger crash when calling ocfs2_dlm_shutdown().
ie: On local mount mode, no dlm resource is initialized. If
ocfs2_mount_volume() fails in ocfs2_find_slot(), error handling will call
ocfs2_dlm_shutdown(), then does dlm resource cleanup job, which will
trigger kernel crash.
This solution should bypass uninitialized resources in
ocfs2_dlm_shutdown().
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220815085754.20417-1-heming.zhao@suse.com
Fixes: 0737e01de9c4 ("ocfs2: ocfs2_mount_volume does cleanup job before return error")
Signed-off-by: Heming Zhao <heming.zhao@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mark@fasheh.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Changwei Ge <gechangwei@live.cn>
Cc: Gang He <ghe@suse.com>
Cc: Jun Piao <piaojun@huawei.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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This reverts commit 96e51ccf1af33e82f429a0d6baebba29c6448d0f.
Recently we started running the kernel with rstat infrastructure on
production traffic and begin to see negative memcg stats values.
Particularly the 'sock' stat is the one which we observed having negative
value.
$ grep "sock " /mnt/memory/job/memory.stat
sock 253952
total_sock 18446744073708724224
Re-run after couple of seconds
$ grep "sock " /mnt/memory/job/memory.stat
sock 253952
total_sock 53248
For now we are only seeing this issue on large machines (256 CPUs) and
only with 'sock' stat. I think the networking stack increase the stat on
one cpu and decrease it on another cpu much more often. So, this negative
sock is due to rstat flusher flushing the stats on the CPU that has seen
the decrement of sock but missed the CPU that has increments. A typical
race condition.
For easy stable backport, revert is the most simple solution. For long
term solution, I am thinking of two directions. First is just reduce the
race window by optimizing the rstat flusher. Second is if the reader sees
a negative stat value, force flush and restart the stat collection.
Basically retry but limited.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220817172139.3141101-1-shakeelb@google.com
Fixes: 96e51ccf1af33e8 ("memcg: cleanup racy sum avoidance code")
Signed-off-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeelb@google.com>
Cc: "Michal Koutný" <mkoutny@suse.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org>
Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com>
Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosryahmed@google.com>
Cc: Greg Thelen <gthelen@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> [5.15]
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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zsmalloc() now returns ERR_PTR values as handles, which zram accidentally
can pass to zs_free(). Another bad scenario is when zcomp_compress()
fails - handle has default -ENOMEM value, and zs_free() will try to free
that "pointer value".
Add the missing check and make sure that zs_free() bails out when
ERR_PTR() is passed to it.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220816050906.2583956-1-senozhatsky@chromium.org
Fixes: c7e6f17b52e9 ("zsmalloc: zs_malloc: return ERR_PTR on failure")
Signed-off-by: Sergey Senozhatsky <senozhatsky@chromium.org>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>,
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Take the mmap_read_lock() when using the VMA in binder_alloc_print_pages()
and when checking for a VMA in binder_alloc_new_buf_locked().
It is worth noting binder_alloc_new_buf_locked() drops the VMA read lock
after it verifies a VMA exists, but may be taken again deeper in the call
stack, if necessary.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220810160209.1630707-1-Liam.Howlett@oracle.com
Fixes: a43cfc87caaf (android: binder: stop saving a pointer to the VMA)
Signed-off-by: Liam R. Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com>
Reported-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com>
Reported-by: <syzbot+a7b60a176ec13cafb793@syzkaller.appspotmail.com>
Acked-by: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com>
Tested-by: Ondrej Mosnacek <omosnace@redhat.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Cc: Christian Brauner (Microsoft) <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hridya Valsaraju <hridya@google.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Martijn Coenen <maco@android.com>
Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com>
Cc: Todd Kjos <tkjos@android.com>
Cc: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Cc: "Arve Hjønnevåg" <arve@android.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The below referenced commit makes the same error as 1c563432588d ("mm: fix
is_pinnable_page against a cma page"), re-interpreting the logic to
exclude pinning of the zero page, which breaks device assignment with
vfio.
To avoid further subtle mistakes, split the logic into discrete tests.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify comment, per John]
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/166015037385.760108.16881097713975517242.stgit@omen
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/165490039431.944052.12458624139225785964.stgit@omen
Fixes: f25cbb7a95a2 ("mm: add zone device coherent type memory support")
Signed-off-by: Alex Williamson <alex.williamson@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Matthew Wilcox <willy@infradead.org>
Suggested-by: Felix Kuehling <felix.kuehling@amd.com>
Tested-by: Slawomir Laba <slawomirx.laba@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Alex Sierra <alex.sierra@amd.com>
Cc: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Cc: Alistair Popple <apopple@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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The rest of the kallsyms symbols are useless without knowing the number of
symbols in the table. In an earlier patch, I somehow dropped the
kallsyms_num_syms symbol, so add it back in.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220808205410.18590-1-stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com
Fixes: 5fd8fea935a1 ("vmcoreinfo: include kallsyms symbols")
Signed-off-by: Stephen Brennan <stephen.s.brennan@oracle.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Cc: Vivek Goyal <vgoyal@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Both @canonical and @ibm email addresses are invalid now; use my personal
address instead.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220804202207.439427-1-gpiccoli@igalia.com
Signed-off-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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When a disk is removed, bdi_unregister gets called to stop further
writeback and wait for associated delayed work to complete. However,
wb_inode_writeback_end() may schedule bandwidth estimation dwork after
this has completed, which can result in the timer attempting to access the
just freed bdi_writeback.
Fix this by checking if the bdi_writeback is alive, similar to when
scheduling writeback work.
Since this requires wb->work_lock, and wb_inode_writeback_end() may get
called from interrupt, switch wb->work_lock to an irqsafe lock.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220801155034.3772543-1-khazhy@google.com
Fixes: 45a2966fd641 ("writeback: fix bandwidth estimate for spiky workload")
Signed-off-by: Khazhismel Kumykov <khazhy@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz>
Cc: Michael Stapelberg <stapelberg+linux@google.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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If we allocate a new page, we need to make sure that our folio matches
that new page.
If we do end up in this code path, we store the wrong page in the shmem
inode's page cache, and I would rather imagine that data corruption
ensues.
This will be solved by changing shmem_replace_page() to
shmem_replace_folio(), but this is the minimal fix.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220730042518.1264767-1-willy@infradead.org
Fixes: da08e9b79323 ("mm/shmem: convert shmem_swapin_page() to shmem_swapin_folio()")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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In MCOPY_ATOMIC_CONTINUE case with a non-shared VMA, pages in the page
cache are installed in the ptes. But hugepage_add_new_anon_rmap is called
for them mistakenly because they're not vm_shared. This will corrupt the
page->mapping used by page cache code.
Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20220712130542.18836-1-linmiaohe@huawei.com
Fixes: f619147104c8 ("userfaultfd: add UFFDIO_CONTINUE ioctl")
Signed-off-by: Miaohe Lin <linmiaohe@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Mike Kravetz <mike.kravetz@oracle.com>
Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com>
Cc: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
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Some architectures define their own arch_test_bit and they also need
arch_test_bit_acquire, otherwise they won't compile. We also clean up
the code by using the generic test_bit if that is equivalent to the
arch-specific version.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 8238b4579866 ("wait_on_bit: add an acquire memory barrier")
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Capitalize topdown metrics' names to follow the intel SDM.
Before:
# ./perf stat -a sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
228,094.05 msec cpu-clock # 225.026 CPUs utilized
842 context-switches # 3.691 /sec
224 cpu-migrations # 0.982 /sec
70 page-faults # 0.307 /sec
23,164,105 cycles # 0.000 GHz
29,403,446 instructions # 1.27 insn per cycle
5,268,185 branches # 23.097 K/sec
33,239 branch-misses # 0.63% of all branches
136,248,990 slots # 597.337 K/sec
32,976,450 topdown-retiring # 24.2% retiring
4,651,918 topdown-bad-spec # 3.4% bad speculation
26,148,695 topdown-fe-bound # 19.2% frontend bound
72,515,776 topdown-be-bound # 53.2% backend bound
6,008,540 topdown-heavy-ops # 4.4% heavy operations # 19.8% light operations
3,934,049 topdown-br-mispredict # 2.9% branch mispredict # 0.5% machine clears
16,655,439 topdown-fetch-lat # 12.2% fetch latency # 7.0% fetch bandwidth
41,635,972 topdown-mem-bound # 30.5% memory bound # 22.7% Core bound
1.013634593 seconds time elapsed
After:
# ./perf stat -a sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'system wide':
228,081.94 msec cpu-clock # 225.003 CPUs utilized
824 context-switches # 3.613 /sec
224 cpu-migrations # 0.982 /sec
67 page-faults # 0.294 /sec
22,647,423 cycles # 0.000 GHz
28,870,551 instructions # 1.27 insn per cycle
5,167,099 branches # 22.655 K/sec
32,383 branch-misses # 0.63% of all branches
133,411,074 slots # 584.926 K/sec
32,352,607 topdown-retiring # 24.3% Retiring
4,456,977 topdown-bad-spec # 3.3% Bad Speculation
25,626,487 topdown-fe-bound # 19.2% Frontend Bound
70,955,316 topdown-be-bound # 53.2% Backend Bound
5,834,844 topdown-heavy-ops # 4.4% Heavy Operations # 19.9% Light Operations
3,738,781 topdown-br-mispredict # 2.8% Branch Mispredict # 0.5% Machine Clears
16,286,803 topdown-fetch-lat # 12.2% Fetch Latency # 7.0% Fetch Bandwidth
40,802,069 topdown-mem-bound # 30.6% Memory Bound # 22.6% Core Bound
1.013683125 seconds time elapsed
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220825015458.3252239-1-zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Update the documentation to reflect the kernel changes.
Signed-off-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220816125612.2042397-2-kan.liang@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
An array of strings is passed to cmd_record but not freed. As
cmd_record modifies the array, add another array as a copy that can be
mutated allowing the original array contents to all be freed.
Detected with -fsanitize=address.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220824145733.409005-1-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The Intel hybrid description is written in a different style than the
rest of the perf record man page. There were some new command line
options added after it which resulted in very strange section ordering.
Move the hybrid include last.
Also the sub sections in the hybrid document don't fit the record
manpage well (especially since it talks about all kinds of unrelated
commands). I left this for now, but would be better to separate this
properly in the different man pages.
It would be better to use sub sections for the other sections, but these
don't seem to be supported in AsciiDoc?
Some of the examples are still misrendered in the manpage with an
indented troff command, but I don't know how to fix that.
In any case it's now better than before.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: zhengjun.xing@intel.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220818100127.249401-1-ak@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Breaking a weak group requires multiple passes of an evlist, with
multiple runs this can introduce bugs ultimately leading to
segfaults. Add a test to cover this.
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220822213352.75721-2-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
If a weak group is broken then the reset_group flag remains set for
the next run. Having reset_group set means the counter isn't created
and ultimately a segfault.
A simple reproduction of this is:
# perf stat -r2 -e '{cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles,cycles}:W
which will be added as a test in the next patch.
Fixes: 4804e0111662d7d8 ("perf stat: Use affinity for opening events")
Reviewed-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Tested-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Xing Zhengjun <zhengjun.xing@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220822213352.75721-1-irogers@google.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
To pick the changes from:
ae3b1da95413614f ("KVM: arm64: Fix compile error due to sign extension")
That doesn't result in any changes in tooling (when built on x86), only
addresses this perf build warning:
Warning: Kernel ABI header at 'tools/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h' differs from latest version at 'arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h'
diff -u tools/arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h arch/arm64/include/uapi/asm/kvm.h
Cc: Adrian Hunter <adrian.hunter@intel.com>
Cc: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Marc Zyngier <maz@kernel.org>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Yang Yingliang <yangyingliang@huawei.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/YwOMCCc4E79FuvDe@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The previous change to Python autodetection had a small mistake where
the auto value was used to determine the Python binary, rather than the
user supplied value. The Python binary is only used for one part of the
build process, rather than the final linking, so it was producing
correct builds in most scenarios, especially when the auto detected
value matched what the user wanted, or the system only had a valid set
of Pythons.
Change it so that the Python binary path is derived from either the
PYTHON_CONFIG value or PYTHON value, depending on what is specified by
the user. This was the original intention.
This error was spotted in a build failure an odd cross compilation
environment after commit 4c41cb46a732fe82 ("perf python: Prefer
python3") was merged.
Fixes: 630af16eee495f58 ("perf tools: Use Python devtools for version autodetection rather than runtime")
Signed-off-by: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Acked-by: Ian Rogers <irogers@google.com>
Cc: Alexander Shishkin <alexander.shishkin@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: James Clark <james.clark@arm.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Cc: Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220728093946.1337642-1-james.clark@arm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Existing code was generating bogus counts for the SNB IMC bandwidth counters:
$ perf stat -a -I 1000 -e uncore_imc/data_reads/,uncore_imc/data_writes/
1.000327813 1,024.03 MiB uncore_imc/data_reads/
1.000327813 20.73 MiB uncore_imc/data_writes/
2.000580153 261,120.00 MiB uncore_imc/data_reads/
2.000580153 23.28 MiB uncore_imc/data_writes/
The problem was introduced by commit:
07ce734dd8ad ("perf/x86/intel/uncore: Clean up client IMC")
Where the read_counter callback was replace to point to the generic
uncore_mmio_read_counter() function.
The SNB IMC counters are freerunnig 32-bit counters laid out contiguously in
MMIO. But uncore_mmio_read_counter() is using a readq() call to read from
MMIO therefore reading 64-bit from MMIO. Although this is okay for the
uncore_perf_event_update() function because it is shifting the value based
on the actual counter width to compute a delta, it is not okay for the
uncore_pmu_event_start() which is simply reading the counter and therefore
priming the event->prev_count with a bogus value which is responsible for
causing bogus deltas in the perf stat command above.
The fix is to reintroduce the custom callback for read_counter for the SNB
IMC PMU and use readl() instead of readq(). With the change the output of
perf stat is back to normal:
$ perf stat -a -I 1000 -e uncore_imc/data_reads/,uncore_imc/data_writes/
1.000120987 296.94 MiB uncore_imc/data_reads/
1.000120987 138.42 MiB uncore_imc/data_writes/
2.000403144 175.91 MiB uncore_imc/data_reads/
2.000403144 68.50 MiB uncore_imc/data_writes/
Fixes: 07ce734dd8ad ("perf/x86/intel/uncore: Clean up client IMC")
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Kan Liang <kan.liang@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220803160031.1379788-1-eranian@google.com
|
|
fbcon_do_set_font() calls vc_resize() when font size is changed.
However, if if vc_resize() failed, current implementation doesn't
revert changes for font size, and this causes inconsistent state.
syzbot reported unable to handle page fault due to this issue [1].
syzbot's repro uses fault injection which cause failure for memory
allocation, so vc_resize() failed.
This patch fixes this issue by properly revert changes for font
related date when vc_resize() failed.
Link: https://syzkaller.appspot.com/bug?id=3443d3a1fa6d964dd7310a0cb1696d165a3e07c4 [1]
Reported-by: syzbot+a168dbeaaa7778273c1b@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Shigeru Yoshida <syoshida@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org # 5.15+
|
|
There are several places in the kernel where wait_on_bit is not followed
by a memory barrier (for example, in drivers/md/dm-bufio.c:new_read).
On architectures with weak memory ordering, it may happen that memory
accesses that follow wait_on_bit are reordered before wait_on_bit and
they may return invalid data.
Fix this class of bugs by introducing a new function "test_bit_acquire"
that works like test_bit, but has acquire memory ordering semantics.
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Will Deacon <will@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
|
The success and return_code are needed by the filters. Move
audit_return_fixup() before the filters. This was causing syscall
auditing events to be missed.
Link: https://github.com/linux-audit/audit-kernel/issues/138
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 12c5e81d3fd0 ("audit: prepare audit_context for use in calling contexts beyond syscalls")
Signed-off-by: Richard Guy Briggs <rgb@redhat.com>
[PM: manual merge required]
Signed-off-by: Paul Moore <paul@paul-moore.com>
|
|
In a situation where memory allocation fails, an invalid buffer address
is stored. When this descriptor is used again, the system panics in the
build_skb() function when accessing memory.
Fixes: 7ea6cd16f159 ("lantiq: net: fix duplicated skb in rx descriptor ring")
Signed-off-by: Aleksander Jan Bajkowski <olek2@wp.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
When the xrx200_hw_receive() function returns -ENOMEM, the NAPI poll
function immediately returns an error.
This is incorrect for two reasons:
* the function terminates without enabling interrupts or scheduling NAPI,
* the error code (-ENOMEM) is returned instead of the number of received
packets.
After the first memory allocation failure occurs, packet reception is
locked due to disabled interrupts from DMA..
Fixes: fe1a56420cf2 ("net: lantiq: Add Lantiq / Intel VRX200 Ethernet driver")
Signed-off-by: Aleksander Jan Bajkowski <olek2@wp.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
xrx200_hw_receive() assumes build_skb() always works and goes straight
to skb_reserve(). However, build_skb() can fail under memory pressure.
Add a check in case build_skb() failed to allocate and return NULL.
Fixes: e015593573b3 ("net: lantiq_xrx200: convert to build_skb")
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Aleksander Jan Bajkowski <olek2@wp.pl>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
This is a follow-up to the discussion in [0]. It seems to me that
at least the IP version used on Amlogic SoC's sometimes has a problem
if register MAC_CTRL_REG is written whilst the chip is still processing
a previous write. But that's just a guess.
Adding a delay between two writes to this register helps, but we can
also simply omit the offending second write. This patch uses the second
approach and is based on a suggestion from Qi Duan.
Benefit of this approach is that we can save few register writes, also
on not affected chip versions.
[0] https://www.spinics.net/lists/netdev/msg831526.html
Fixes: bfab27a146ed ("stmmac: add the experimental PCI support")
Suggested-by: Qi Duan <qi.duan@amlogic.com>
Suggested-by: Jerome Brunet <jbrunet@baylibre.com>
Signed-off-by: Heiner Kallweit <hkallweit1@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/e99857ce-bd90-5093-ca8c-8cd480b5a0a2@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
Assign a random mac address to the VF interface station
address if it boots with a zero mac address in order to match
similar behavior seen in other VF drivers. Handle the errors
where the older firmware does not allow the VF to set its own
station address.
Newer firmware will allow the VF to set the station mac address
if it hasn't already been set administratively through the PF.
Setting it will also be allowed if the VF has trust.
Fixes: fbb39807e9ae ("ionic: support sr-iov operations")
Signed-off-by: R Mohamed Shah <mohamed@pensando.io>
Signed-off-by: Shannon Nelson <snelson@pensando.io>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
In looping on FW update tests we occasionally see the
FW_ACTIVATE_STATUS command fail while it is in its EAGAIN loop
waiting for the FW activate step to finsh inside the FW. The
firmware is complaining that the done bit is set when a new
dev_cmd is going to be processed.
Doing a clean on the cmd registers and doorbell before exiting
the wait-for-done and cleaning the done bit before the sleep
prevents this from occurring.
Fixes: fbfb8031533c ("ionic: Add hardware init and device commands")
Signed-off-by: Shannon Nelson <snelson@pensando.io>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
There is a case found in heavy testing where a link flap happens just
before a firmware Recovery event and the driver gets stuck in the
BROKEN state. This comes from the driver getting interrupted by a FW
generation change when coming back up from the link flap, and the call
to ionic_start_queues() in ionic_link_status_check() fails. This can be
addressed by having the fw_up code clear the BROKEN bit if seen, rather
than waiting for a user to manually force the interface down and then
back up.
Fixes: 9e8eaf8427b6 ("ionic: stop watchdog when in broken state")
Signed-off-by: Shannon Nelson <snelson@pensando.io>
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
Fix three bugs in the rxrpc's sendmsg implementation:
(1) rxrpc_new_client_call() should release the socket lock when returning
an error from rxrpc_get_call_slot().
(2) rxrpc_wait_for_tx_window_intr() will return without the call mutex
held in the event that we're interrupted by a signal whilst waiting
for tx space on the socket or relocking the call mutex afterwards.
Fix this by: (a) moving the unlock/lock of the call mutex up to
rxrpc_send_data() such that the lock is not held around all of
rxrpc_wait_for_tx_window*() and (b) indicating to higher callers
whether we're return with the lock dropped. Note that this means
recvmsg() will not block on this call whilst we're waiting.
(3) After dropping and regaining the call mutex, rxrpc_send_data() needs
to go and recheck the state of the tx_pending buffer and the
tx_total_len check in case we raced with another sendmsg() on the same
call.
Thinking on this some more, it might make sense to have different locks for
sendmsg() and recvmsg(). There's probably no need to make recvmsg() wait
for sendmsg(). It does mean that recvmsg() can return MSG_EOR indicating
that a call is dead before a sendmsg() to that call returns - but that can
currently happen anyway.
Without fix (2), something like the following can be induced:
WARNING: bad unlock balance detected!
5.16.0-rc6-syzkaller #0 Not tainted
-------------------------------------
syz-executor011/3597 is trying to release lock (&call->user_mutex) at:
[<ffffffff885163a3>] rxrpc_do_sendmsg+0xc13/0x1350 net/rxrpc/sendmsg.c:748
but there are no more locks to release!
other info that might help us debug this:
no locks held by syz-executor011/3597.
...
Call Trace:
<TASK>
__dump_stack lib/dump_stack.c:88 [inline]
dump_stack_lvl+0xcd/0x134 lib/dump_stack.c:106
print_unlock_imbalance_bug include/trace/events/lock.h:58 [inline]
__lock_release kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5306 [inline]
lock_release.cold+0x49/0x4e kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5657
__mutex_unlock_slowpath+0x99/0x5e0 kernel/locking/mutex.c:900
rxrpc_do_sendmsg+0xc13/0x1350 net/rxrpc/sendmsg.c:748
rxrpc_sendmsg+0x420/0x630 net/rxrpc/af_rxrpc.c:561
sock_sendmsg_nosec net/socket.c:704 [inline]
sock_sendmsg+0xcf/0x120 net/socket.c:724
____sys_sendmsg+0x6e8/0x810 net/socket.c:2409
___sys_sendmsg+0xf3/0x170 net/socket.c:2463
__sys_sendmsg+0xe5/0x1b0 net/socket.c:2492
do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:50 [inline]
do_syscall_64+0x35/0xb0 arch/x86/entry/common.c:80
entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xae
[Thanks to Hawkins Jiawei and Khalid Masum for their attempts to fix this]
Fixes: bc5e3a546d55 ("rxrpc: Use MSG_WAITALL to tell sendmsg() to temporarily ignore signals")
Reported-by: syzbot+7f0483225d0c94cb3441@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Marc Dionne <marc.dionne@auristor.com>
Tested-by: syzbot+7f0483225d0c94cb3441@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
cc: Hawkins Jiawei <yin31149@gmail.com>
cc: Khalid Masum <khalid.masum.92@gmail.com>
cc: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@oracle.com>
cc: linux-afs@lists.infradead.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/166135894583.600315.7170979436768124075.stgit@warthog.procyon.org.uk
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
|
|
The mmVM_L2_CNTL3 register is not assigned an initial value
Signed-off-by: Qu Huang <jinsdb@126.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
Enable GFX11 MGCG perfmon setting.
V2: set rlc to saft mode before setting.
Signed-off-by: Likun Gao <Likun.Gao@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Hawking Zhang <Hawking.Zhang@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
Correct the isa version for handling KFD test.
Fixes: 7c4f4f197e0c ("drm/amdkfd: Add GC 10.3.6 and 10.3.7 KFD definitions")
Signed-off-by: Prike Liang <Prike.Liang@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Aaron Liu <aaron.liu@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
When translate_further is enabled, page table depth needs to
be updated. This was missing on Arcturus MMHUB init. This was
causing address translations to fail for SDMA user-mode queues.
Fixes: 352e683b72e7 ("drm/amdgpu: Enable translate_further to extend UTCL2 reach")
Reviewed-by: Felix Kuehling <Felix.Kuehling@amd.com>
Acked-by: Christian König <christian.koenig@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Mukul Joshi <mukul.joshi@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
To fit the latest 78.53 PMFW.
Signed-off-by: Evan Quan <evan.quan@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Feifei Xu <Feifei.Xu@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
For some ASICs, like GFX IP v11.0.1, only have one SDMA instance,
so not need to configure SDMA1_RLC_CGCG_CTRL for this case.
Signed-off-by: Tim Huang <tim.huang@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Yifan Zhang <yifan1.zhang@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
[Why]
DCN314 supports PCON.
[How]
Explicitly enable it in dcn314 resources.
Signed-off-by: Roman Li <roman.li@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Hamza Mahfooz <hamza.mahfooz@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
|
Enable AMD_CG_SUPPORT_BIF_MGCG and AMD_CG_SUPPORT_BIF_LS support.
Signed-off-by: Tim Huang <tim.huang@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Yifan Zhang <yifan1.zhang@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
|
Srinivas Pandruvada
Rafael J. Wysocki
Linus Torvalds
Luca Ceresoli
Peter Xu
Phillip Lougher
Badari Pulavarty
Colin Ian King
Quanyang Wang
Liu Shixin
Heming Zhao
Shakeel Butt
Sergey Senozhatsky
Liam Howlett
Alex Williamson
Stephen Brennan
Guilherme G. Piccoli
Khazhismel Kumykov
Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Miaohe Lin
Mikulas Patocka
Zhengjun Xing
Kan Liang
Ian Rogers
Andi Kleen
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo
James Clark
Stephane Eranian
Shigeru Yoshida
Richard Guy Briggs
Aleksander Jan Bajkowski
Heiner Kallweit
R Mohamed Shah
Shannon Nelson
David Howells
Qu Huang
Likun Gao
Prike Liang
Mukul Joshi
Evan Quan
Tim Huang
Roman Li