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NVMe Zoned Namespace introduced the concept of active zones, which are
zones in the implicit open, explicit open or closed condition. Drives may
have a limit on the number of zones that can be simultaneously active.
This potential limitation translate into a risk for applications to see
write IO errors due to this limit if the zone of a file being written to is
not already active when a write request is issued.
To avoid these potential errors, the zone of a file can explicitly be made
active using an open zone command when the file is open for the first
time. If the zone open command succeeds, the application is then
guaranteed that write requests can be processed. This indirect management
of active zones relies on the maximum number of open zones of a drive,
which is always lower or equal to the maximum number of active zones.
On the first open of a sequential zone file, send a REQ_OP_ZONE_OPEN
command to the block device. Conversely, on the last release of a zone
file and send a REQ_OP_ZONE_CLOSE to the device if the zone is not full or
empty.
As truncating a zone file to 0 or max can deactivate a zone as well, we
need to serialize against truncates and also be careful not to close a
zone as the file may still be open for writing, e.g. the user called
ftruncate(). If the zone file is not open and a process does a truncate(),
then no close operation is needed.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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Subsequent patches need to call zonefs_io_error() with the i_truncate_mutex
already held, so factor out the body of zonefs_io_error() into
__zonefs_io_error() which can be called from with the i_truncate_mutex
held.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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Introduce a helper function for sending zone management commands to the
block device.
As zone management commands can change a zone write pointer position
reflected in the size of the zone file, this function expects the truncate
mutex to be held.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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In the zoned storage model, the sectors within a zone are typically all
writeable. With the introduction of the Zoned Namespace (ZNS) Command
Set in the NVM Express organization, the model was extended to have a
specific writeable capacity.
This zone capacity can be less than the overall zone size for a NVMe ZNS
device or null_blk in zoned-mode. For other ZBC/ZAC devices the zone
capacity is always equal to the zone size.
Use the zone capacity field instead from blk_zone for determining the
maximum inode size and inode blocks in zonefs.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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Pull iomap updates from Darrick Wong:
"The most notable changes are:
- iomap no longer invalidates the page cache when performing a direct
read, since doing so is unnecessary and the old directio code
doesn't do that either.
- iomap embraced the use of returning ENOTBLK from a direct write to
trigger falling back to a buffered write since ext4 already did
this and btrfs wants it for their port.
- iomap falls back to buffered writes if we're doing a direct write
and the page cache invalidation after the flush fails; this was
necessary to handle a corner case in the btrfs port.
- Remove email virus scanner detritus that was accidentally included
in yesterday's pull request. Clearly I need(ed) to update my git
branch checker scripts. :("
* tag 'iomap-5.9-merge-5' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/fs/xfs/xfs-linux:
iomap: fall back to buffered writes for invalidation failures
xfs: use ENOTBLK for direct I/O to buffered I/O fallback
iomap: Only invalidate page cache pages on direct IO writes
iomap: Make sure iomap_end is called after iomap_begin
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Failing to invalid the page cache means data in incoherent, which is
a very bad state for the system. Always fall back to buffered I/O
through the page cache if we can't invalidate mappings.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Acked-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Goldwyn Rodrigues <rgoldwyn@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Bob Peterson <rpeterso@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu> # for ext4
Reviewed-by: Andreas Gruenbacher <agruenba@redhat.com> # for gfs2
Reviewed-by: Ritesh Harjani <riteshh@linux.ibm.com>
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Count pages after possibly truncating the iterator to the maximum zone
append size, not before.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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Avoid the compilation warning "Variable 'ret' is reassigned a value
before the old one has been used." in zonefs_create_zgroup() by setting
ret for the error path only if an error happens.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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Pull zonefs update from Damien Le Moal:
"Only one patch in this pull request to cleanup handling of uuid using
the import_uuid() helper, from Andy"
* tag 'zonefs-5.8-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/dlemoal/zonefs:
zonefs: Replace uuid_copy() with import_uuid()
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Pull block updates from Jens Axboe:
"Core block changes that have been queued up for this release:
- Remove dead blk-throttle and blk-wbt code (Guoqing)
- Include pid in blktrace note traces (Jan)
- Don't spew I/O errors on wouldblock termination (me)
- Zone append addition (Johannes, Keith, Damien)
- IO accounting improvements (Konstantin, Christoph)
- blk-mq hardware map update improvements (Ming)
- Scheduler dispatch improvement (Salman)
- Inline block encryption support (Satya)
- Request map fixes and improvements (Weiping)
- blk-iocost tweaks (Tejun)
- Fix for timeout failing with error injection (Keith)
- Queue re-run fixes (Douglas)
- CPU hotplug improvements (Christoph)
- Queue entry/exit improvements (Christoph)
- Move DMA drain handling to the few drivers that use it (Christoph)
- Partition handling cleanups (Christoph)"
* tag 'for-5.8/block-2020-06-01' of git://git.kernel.dk/linux-block: (127 commits)
block: mark bio_wouldblock_error() bio with BIO_QUIET
blk-wbt: rename __wbt_update_limits to wbt_update_limits
blk-wbt: remove wbt_update_limits
blk-throttle: remove tg_drain_bios
blk-throttle: remove blk_throtl_drain
null_blk: force complete for timeout request
blk-mq: drain I/O when all CPUs in a hctx are offline
blk-mq: add blk_mq_all_tag_iter
blk-mq: open code __blk_mq_alloc_request in blk_mq_alloc_request_hctx
blk-mq: use BLK_MQ_NO_TAG in more places
blk-mq: rename BLK_MQ_TAG_FAIL to BLK_MQ_NO_TAG
blk-mq: move more request initialization to blk_mq_rq_ctx_init
blk-mq: simplify the blk_mq_get_request calling convention
blk-mq: remove the bio argument to ->prepare_request
nvme: force complete cancelled requests
blk-mq: blk-mq: provide forced completion method
block: fix a warning when blkdev.h is included for !CONFIG_BLOCK builds
block: blk-crypto-fallback: remove redundant initialization of variable err
block: reduce part_stat_lock() scope
block: use __this_cpu_add() instead of access by smp_processor_id()
...
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Use the new readahead operation in iomap. Convert XFS and ZoneFS to use
it.
Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Reviewed-by: Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>
Reviewed-by: William Kucharski <william.kucharski@oracle.com>
Cc: Chao Yu <yuchao0@huawei.com>
Cc: Cong Wang <xiyou.wangcong@gmail.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Cc: Gao Xiang <gaoxiang25@huawei.com>
Cc: Jaegeuk Kim <jaegeuk@kernel.org>
Cc: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Cc: Joseph Qi <joseph.qi@linux.alibaba.com>
Cc: Junxiao Bi <junxiao.bi@oracle.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com>
Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com>
Cc: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Cc: Miklos Szeredi <mszeredi@redhat.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20200414150233.24495-26-willy@infradead.org
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The argument isn't used by any caller, and drivers don't fill out
bi_sector for flush requests either.
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Synchronous direct I/O to a sequential write only zone can be issued using
the new REQ_OP_ZONE_APPEND request operation. As dispatching multiple
BIOs can potentially result in reordering, we cannot support asynchronous
IO via this interface.
We also can only dispatch up to queue_max_zone_append_sectors() via the
new zone-append method and have to return a short write back to user-space
in case an IO larger than queue_max_zone_append_sectors() has been issued.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Acked-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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There is a specific API to treat raw data as UUID, i.e. import_uuid().
Use it instead of uuid_copy() with explicit casting.
Signed-off-by: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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The write pointer of zones in the read-only consition is defined as
invalid by the SCSI ZBC and ATA ZAC specifications. It is thus not
possible to determine the correct size of a read-only zone file on
mount. Fix this by handling read-only zones in the same manner as
offline zones by disabling all accesses to the zone (read and write)
and initializing the inode size of the read-only zone to 0).
For zones found to be in the read-only condition at runtime, only
disable write access to the zone and keep the size of the zone file to
its last updated value to allow the user to recover previously written
data.
Also fix zonefs documentation file to reflect this change.
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
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Zonefs makes use of iomap internally, so it should also select iomap in
Kconfig.
Signed-off-by: Johannes Thumshirn <johannes.thumshirn@wdc.com>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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IOCB_NOWAIT can't just be ignored as it breaks applications expecting
it not to block. Just refuse the operation as applications must handle
that (e.g. by falling back to a thread pool).
Fixes: 8dcc1a9d90c1 ("fs: New zonefs file system")
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
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zonefs is a very simple file system exposing each zone of a zoned block
device as a file. Unlike a regular file system with zoned block device
support (e.g. f2fs), zonefs does not hide the sequential write
constraint of zoned block devices to the user. Files representing
sequential write zones of the device must be written sequentially
starting from the end of the file (append only writes).
As such, zonefs is in essence closer to a raw block device access
interface than to a full featured POSIX file system. The goal of zonefs
is to simplify the implementation of zoned block device support in
applications by replacing raw block device file accesses with a richer
file API, avoiding relying on direct block device file ioctls which may
be more obscure to developers. One example of this approach is the
implementation of LSM (log-structured merge) tree structures (such as
used in RocksDB and LevelDB) on zoned block devices by allowing SSTables
to be stored in a zone file similarly to a regular file system rather
than as a range of sectors of a zoned device. The introduction of the
higher level construct "one file is one zone" can help reducing the
amount of changes needed in the application as well as introducing
support for different application programming languages.
Zonefs on-disk metadata is reduced to an immutable super block to
persistently store a magic number and optional feature flags and
values. On mount, zonefs uses blkdev_report_zones() to obtain the device
zone configuration and populates the mount point with a static file tree
solely based on this information. E.g. file sizes come from the device
zone type and write pointer offset managed by the device itself.
The zone files created on mount have the following characteristics.
1) Files representing zones of the same type are grouped together
under a common sub-directory:
* For conventional zones, the sub-directory "cnv" is used.
* For sequential write zones, the sub-directory "seq" is used.
These two directories are the only directories that exist in zonefs.
Users cannot create other directories and cannot rename nor delete
the "cnv" and "seq" sub-directories.
2) The name of zone files is the number of the file within the zone
type sub-directory, in order of increasing zone start sector.
3) The size of conventional zone files is fixed to the device zone size.
Conventional zone files cannot be truncated.
4) The size of sequential zone files represent the file's zone write
pointer position relative to the zone start sector. Truncating these
files is allowed only down to 0, in which case, the zone is reset to
rewind the zone write pointer position to the start of the zone, or
up to the zone size, in which case the file's zone is transitioned
to the FULL state (finish zone operation).
5) All read and write operations to files are not allowed beyond the
file zone size. Any access exceeding the zone size is failed with
the -EFBIG error.
6) Creating, deleting, renaming or modifying any attribute of files and
sub-directories is not allowed.
7) There are no restrictions on the type of read and write operations
that can be issued to conventional zone files. Buffered, direct and
mmap read & write operations are accepted. For sequential zone files,
there are no restrictions on read operations, but all write
operations must be direct IO append writes. mmap write of sequential
files is not allowed.
Several optional features of zonefs can be enabled at format time.
* Conventional zone aggregation: ranges of contiguous conventional
zones can be aggregated into a single larger file instead of the
default one file per zone.
* File ownership: The owner UID and GID of zone files is by default 0
(root) but can be changed to any valid UID/GID.
* File access permissions: the default 640 access permissions can be
changed.
The mkzonefs tool is used to format zoned block devices for use with
zonefs. This tool is available on Github at:
git@github.com:damien-lemoal/zonefs-tools.git.
zonefs-tools also includes a test suite which can be run against any
zoned block device, including null_blk block device created with zoned
mode.
Example: the following formats a 15TB host-managed SMR HDD with 256 MB
zones with the conventional zones aggregation feature enabled.
$ sudo mkzonefs -o aggr_cnv /dev/sdX
$ sudo mount -t zonefs /dev/sdX /mnt
$ ls -l /mnt/
total 0
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 1 Nov 25 13:23 cnv
dr-xr-xr-x 2 root root 55356 Nov 25 13:23 seq
The size of the zone files sub-directories indicate the number of files
existing for each type of zones. In this example, there is only one
conventional zone file (all conventional zones are aggregated under a
single file).
$ ls -l /mnt/cnv
total 137101312
-rw-r----- 1 root root 140391743488 Nov 25 13:23 0
This aggregated conventional zone file can be used as a regular file.
$ sudo mkfs.ext4 /mnt/cnv/0
$ sudo mount -o loop /mnt/cnv/0 /data
The "seq" sub-directory grouping files for sequential write zones has
in this example 55356 zones.
$ ls -lv /mnt/seq
total 14511243264
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 2
...
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 55354
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:23 55355
For sequential write zone files, the file size changes as data is
appended at the end of the file, similarly to any regular file system.
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/seq/0 bs=4K count=1 conv=notrunc oflag=direct
1+0 records in
1+0 records out
4096 bytes (4.1 kB, 4.0 KiB) copied, 0.000452219 s, 9.1 MB/s
$ ls -l /mnt/seq/0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 4096 Nov 25 13:23 /mnt/seq/0
The written file can be truncated to the zone size, preventing any
further write operation.
$ truncate -s 268435456 /mnt/seq/0
$ ls -l /mnt/seq/0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 268435456 Nov 25 13:49 /mnt/seq/0
Truncation to 0 size allows freeing the file zone storage space and
restart append-writes to the file.
$ truncate -s 0 /mnt/seq/0
$ ls -l /mnt/seq/0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 0 Nov 25 13:49 /mnt/seq/0
Since files are statically mapped to zones on the disk, the number of
blocks of a file as reported by stat() and fstat() indicates the size
of the file zone.
$ stat /mnt/seq/0
File: /mnt/seq/0
Size: 0 Blocks: 524288 IO Block: 4096 regular empty file
Device: 870h/2160d Inode: 50431 Links: 1
Access: (0640/-rw-r-----) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root)
Access: 2019-11-25 13:23:57.048971997 +0900
Modify: 2019-11-25 13:52:25.553805765 +0900
Change: 2019-11-25 13:52:25.553805765 +0900
Birth: -
The number of blocks of the file ("Blocks") in units of 512B blocks
gives the maximum file size of 524288 * 512 B = 256 MB, corresponding
to the device zone size in this example. Of note is that the "IO block"
field always indicates the minimum IO size for writes and corresponds
to the device physical sector size.
This code contains contributions from:
* Johannes Thumshirn <jthumshirn@suse.de>,
* Darrick J. Wong <darrick.wong@oracle.com>,
* Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>,
* Chaitanya Kulkarni <chaitanya.kulkarni@wdc.com> and
* Ting Yao <tingyao@hust.edu.cn>.
Signed-off-by: Damien Le Moal <damien.lemoal@wdc.com>
Reviewed-by: Dave Chinner <dchinner@redhat.com>
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Johannes Thumshirn
Linus Torvalds
Christoph Hellwig
Damien Le Moal
Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)
Andy Shevchenko