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Process based injection is much easier to handle for test programs,
who can first bring a page into a specific state and then test.
So add a new MADV_SOFT_OFFLINE to soft offline a page, similar
to the existing hard offline injector.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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This is a simpler, gentler variant of memory_failure() for soft page
offlining controlled from user space. It doesn't kill anything, just
tries to invalidate and if that doesn't work migrate the
page away.
This is useful for predictive failure analysis, where a page has
a high rate of corrected errors, but hasn't gone bad yet. Instead
it can be offlined early and avoided.
The offlining is controlled from sysfs, including a new generic
entry point for hard page offlining for symmetry too.
We use the page isolate facility to prevent re-allocation
race. Normally this is only used by memory hotplug. To avoid
races with memory allocation I am using lock_system_sleep().
This avoids the situation where memory hotplug is about
to isolate a page range and then hwpoison undoes that work.
This is a big hammer currently, but the simplest solution
currently.
When the page is not free or LRU we try to free pages
from slab and other caches. The slab freeing is currently
quite dumb and does not try to focus on the specific slab
cache which might own the page. This could be potentially
improved later.
Thanks to Fengguang Wu and Haicheng Li for some fixes.
[Added fix from Andrew Morton to adapt to new migrate_pages prototype]
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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So that an outside user can free the reference count grabbed by
try_get_mem_cgroup_from_page().
CC: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
CC: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
CC: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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So that the hwpoison injector can get mem_cgroup for arbitrary page
and thus know whether it is owned by some mem_cgroup task(s).
[AK: Merged with latest git tree]
CC: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
CC: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
CC: Daisuke Nishimura <nishimura@mxp.nes.nec.co.jp>
CC: Balbir Singh <balbir@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Acked-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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Rename get_uflags() to stable_page_flags() and make it a global function
for use in the hwpoison page flags filter, which need to compare user
page flags with the value provided by user space.
Also move KPF_* to kernel-page-flags.h for use by user space tools.
Acked-by: Matt Mackall <mpm@selenic.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
CC: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
CC: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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The unpoisoning interface is useful for stress testing tools to
reclaim poisoned pages (to prevent OOM)
There is no hardware level unpoisioning, so this
cannot be used for real memory errors, only for software injected errors.
Note that it may leak pages silently - those who have been removed from
LRU cache, but not isolated from page cache/swap cache at hwpoison time.
Especially the stress test of dirty swap cache pages shall reboot system
before exhausting memory.
AK: Fix comments, add documentation, add printks, rename symbol
Signed-off-by: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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Now that "ref" is just a boolean turn it into
a flags argument. First step is only a single flag
that makes the code's intention more clear, but more
may follow.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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shake_page handles more types of page caches than lru_drain_all()
- per cpu page allocator pages
- per CPU LRU
Stops early when the page became free.
Used in followon patches.
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
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* git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/agk/linux-2.6-dm: (80 commits)
dm snapshot: use merge origin if snapshot invalid
dm snapshot: report merge failure in status
dm snapshot: merge consecutive chunks together
dm snapshot: trigger exceptions in remaining snapshots during merge
dm snapshot: delay merging a chunk until writes to it complete
dm snapshot: queue writes to chunks being merged
dm snapshot: add merging
dm snapshot: permit only one merge at once
dm snapshot: support barriers in snapshot merge target
dm snapshot: avoid allocating exceptions in merge
dm snapshot: rework writing to origin
dm snapshot: add merge target
dm exception store: add merge specific methods
dm snapshot: create function for chunk_is_tracked wait
dm snapshot: make bio optional in __origin_write
dm mpath: reject messages when device is suspended
dm: export suspended state to targets
dm: rename dm_suspended to dm_suspended_md
dm: swap target postsuspend call and setting suspended flag
dm crypt: add plain64 iv
...
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* 'core-locking-for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/linux-2.6-tip: (26 commits)
clockevents: Convert to raw_spinlock
clockevents: Make tick_device_lock static
debugobjects: Convert to raw_spinlocks
perf_event: Convert to raw_spinlock
hrtimers: Convert to raw_spinlocks
genirq: Convert irq_desc.lock to raw_spinlock
smp: Convert smplocks to raw_spinlocks
rtmutes: Convert rtmutex.lock to raw_spinlock
sched: Convert pi_lock to raw_spinlock
sched: Convert cpupri lock to raw_spinlock
sched: Convert rt_runtime_lock to raw_spinlock
sched: Convert rq->lock to raw_spinlock
plist: Make plist debugging raw_spinlock aware
bkl: Fixup core_lock fallout
locking: Cleanup the name space completely
locking: Further name space cleanups
alpha: Fix fallout from locking changes
locking: Implement new raw_spinlock
locking: Convert raw_rwlock functions to arch_rwlock
locking: Convert raw_rwlock to arch_rwlock
...
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* git://git.infradead.org/battery-2.6:
power_supply_sysfs: Handle -ENODATA in a special way
wm831x_backup: Remove unused variables
gta02: Set pcf50633 charger_reference_current_ma
pcf50633: Query charger status directly
pcf50633: Properly reenable charging when the supply conditions change
pcf50633: Get rid of charging restart software auto-triggering
pcf50633: introduces battery charging current control
pcf50633: Add ac power supply class to the charger
wm831x: Factor out WM831x backup battery charger
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Implement selftest feature as specified by chip manufacturer. Control:
read selftest sysfs entry
Response: "OK x y z" or "FAIL x y z"
where x, y, and z are difference between selftest mode and normal mode.
Test is passed when values are within acceptance limit values.
Acceptance limits are provided via platform data. See chip spesifications
for acceptance limits. If limits are not properly set, OK / FAIL decision
is meaningless. However, userspace application can still make decision
based on the numeric x, y, z values.
Selftest is meant for HW diagnostic purposes. It is not meant to be
called during normal use of the chip. It may cause false interrupt
events. Selftest mode delays polling of the normal results but it doesn't
cause wrong values. Chip must be in static state during selftest. Any
acceration during the test causes most probably failure.
Signed-off-by: Samu Onkalo <samu.p.onkalo@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Éric Piel <Eric.Piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add the possibility to remap axes via platform data. Function pointers
for resource setup and release purposes
Signed-off-by: Samu Onkalo <samu.p.onkalo@nokia.com>
Acked-by: Éric Piel <eric.piel@tremplin-utc.net>
Cc: Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz>
Cc: Jean Delvare <khali@linux-fr.org>
Cc: "Trisal, Kalhan" <kalhan.trisal@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Allow the use of another DMA controller driver in atmel-mci sd/mmc driver.
This adds a generic dma_slave pointer to the mci platform structure where
we can store DMA controller information. In atmel-mci we use information
provided by this structure to initialize the driver (with new helper
functions that are architecture dependant).
This also adds at32/avr32 chip modifications to cope with this new access
method.
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Ferre <nicolas.ferre@atmel.com>
Cc: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com>
Cc: <linux-mmc@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Recently, We marked strstrip() as must_check. because it was frequently
misused and it should be checked. However, we found one exception.
scsi/ipr.c intentionally ignore return value of strstrip. Because it
wishes to keep the whitespace at the beginning.
Thus we need to keep with and without checked whitespace trim function.
This patch adds a new strim() and changes ipr.c to use it.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
Suggested-by: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Shrinks vmlinux
without:
$ size vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
6975863 679652 1359668 9015183 898f8f vmlinux
with:
$ size vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
6975639 679652 1359668 9014959 898eaf vmlinux
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Jeff Garzik <jgarzik@redhat.com>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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On the following sentence:
while (*s && isspace(*s))
s++;
If *s == 0, isspace() evaluates to ((_ctype[*s] & 0x20) != 0), which
evaluates to ((0x08 & 0x20) != 0) which equals to 0 as well.
If *s == 1, we depend on isspace() result anyway. In other words,
"a char equals zero is never a space", so remove this check.
Also, *s != 0 is most common case (non-null string).
Fixed const return as noticed by Jan Engelhardt and James Bottomley.
Fixed unnecessary extra cast on strstrip() as noticed by Jan Engelhardt.
Signed-off-by: André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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While at it, use tabs to indent the comments.
Signed-off-by: André Goddard Rosa <andre.goddard@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The kernel offers with TIOCL_GETKMSGREDIRECT ioctl() the possibility to
redirect the kernel messages to a specific console.
However, since it's not possible to switch to the kernel message console
after a panic(), it would be nice if the kernel would print the panic
message on the current console.
This patch series adds a new interface to access the global kmsg_redirect
variable by a function to be able to use it in code where
CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE is not set (kernel/panic.c).
This patch:
Instead of using and exporting a global value kmsg_redirect, introduce a
function vt_kmsg_redirect() that both can set and return the console where
messages are printed.
Change all users of kmsg_redirect (the VT code itself and kernel/power.c)
to the new interface.
The main advantage is that vt_kmsg_redirect() can also be used when
CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE is not set.
Signed-off-by: Bernhard Walle <bernhard@bwalle.de>
Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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..and include them in the lxfb/gxfb drivers rather than asm/geode.h (where
possible).
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Cc: Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Cc: Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The only thing that uses this is the reboot_fixups code.
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Cc: Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This is based on the old code on arch/x86/kernel/mfgpt_32.c, except it's
not x86 specific, it's modular, and it makes use of a PCI BAR rather than
a random MSR. Currently module unloading is not supported; it's uncertain
whether or not it can be made work with the hardware.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: add X86 dependency]
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Cc: Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: john stultz <johnstul@us.ibm.com>
Cc: Chris Ball <cjb@laptop.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This creates a CS5535/CS5536 GPIO driver which uses a gpio_chip backend
(allowing GPIO users to use the generic GPIO API if desired) while also
allowing architecture-specific users directly (via the cs5535_gpio_*
functions).
Tested on an OLPC machine. Some Leemotes also use CS5536 (with a mips
cpu), which is why this is in drivers/gpio rather than arch/x86.
Currently, it conflicts with older geode GPIO support; once MFGPT support
is reworked to also be more generic, the older geode code will be removed.
Signed-off-by: Andres Salomon <dilinger@collabora.co.uk>
Cc: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Cc: Jordan Crouse <jordan@cosmicpenguin.net>
Cc: David Brownell <david-b@pacbell.net>
Reviewed-by: Alessandro Zummo <a.zummo@towertech.it>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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There are quite a few instances in the kernel of checks of pointers both
against NULL and against the errno range, handling both cases identically.
This additional helper function would simplify such code.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Phil Carmody <ext-phil.2.carmody@nokia.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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journal_info in task_struct is used in journaling file system only. So
introduce CONFIG_FS_JOURNAL_INFO and make it conditional.
Signed-off-by: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Chris Mason <chris.mason@oracle.com>
Cc: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Steven Whitehouse <swhiteho@redhat.com>
Cc: KONISHI Ryusuke <konishi.ryusuke@lab.ntt.co.jp>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a printk_ratelimited statement expression macro that uses a per-call
ratelimit_state so that multiple subsystems output messages are not
suppressed by a global __ratelimit state.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: s/_rl/_ratelimited/g]
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Naohiro Ooiwa <nooiwa@miraclelinux.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Hiroshi Shimamoto <h-shimamoto@ct.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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According to feature-removal-schedule.txt, it is the time to remove
print_fn_descriptor_symbol().
And a quick grep shows that it no longer has any callers.
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Cc: Bjorn Helgaas <bjorn.helgaas@hp.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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rwsem_is_locked() tests ->activity without locks, so we should always keep
->activity consistent. However, the code in __rwsem_do_wake() breaks this
rule, it updates ->activity after _all_ readers waken up, this may give
some reader a wrong ->activity value, thus cause rwsem_is_locked() behaves
wrong.
Quote from Andrew:
"
- we have one or more processes sleeping in down_read(), waiting for access.
- we wake one or more processes up without altering ->activity
- they start to run and they do rwsem_is_locked(). This incorrectly
returns "false", because the waker process is still crunching away in
__rwsem_do_wake().
- the waker now alters ->activity, but it was too late.
"
So we need get a spinlock to protect this. And rwsem_is_locked() should
not block, thus we use spin_trylock_irqsave().
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: simplify code]
Reported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Cc: Ben Woodard <bwoodard@llnl.gov>
Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: WANG Cong <amwang@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Don't initialize __print_once. Invert the test to reduce initialized
data.
defconfig before: $size vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
6976022 679572 1359668 9015262 898fde vmlinux
defconfig after: $size vmlinux
text data bss dec hex filename
6976006 679508 1359700 9015214 898fae vmlinux
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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If CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is enabled and a source file has:
#define pr_fmt(fmt) KBUILD_MODNAME ": " fmt
#include <linux/kernel.h>
dynamic_debug.h will duplicate KBUILD_MODNAME
in the output string.
Remove the use of KBUILD_MODNAME from the
output format string generated by dynamic_debug.h
If CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG is not enabled, no compile-time
check is done to printk/dev_printk arguments.
Add it.
Signed-off-by: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Cc: Jason Baron <jbaron@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Commit 70867453092297be9afb2249e712a1f960ec0a09 ("printk_once(): use bool
for boolean flag") changed printk_once() to use bool instead of int for
its guard variable. Do the same change to WARN_ONCE() and WARN_ON_ONCE(),
for the same reasons.
This resulted in a reduction of 1462 bytes on a x86-64 defconfig:
text data bss dec hex filename
8101271 1207116 992764 10301151 9d2edf vmlinux.before
8100553 1207148 991988 10299689 9d2929 vmlinux.after
Signed-off-by: Cesar Eduardo Barros <cesarb@cesarb.net>
Cc: Roland Dreier <rolandd@cisco.com>
Cc: Daniel Walker <dwalker@fifo99.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The NOMMU code currently clears all anonymous mmapped memory. While this
is what we want in the default case, all memory allocation from userspace
under NOMMU has to go through this interface, including malloc() which is
allowed to return uninitialized memory. This can easily be a significant
performance penalty. So for constrained embedded systems were security is
irrelevant, allow people to avoid clearing memory unnecessarily.
This also alters the ELF-FDPIC binfmt such that it obtains uninitialised
memory for the brk and stack region.
Signed-off-by: Jie Zhang <jie.zhang@analog.com>
Signed-off-by: Robin Getz <rgetz@blackfin.uclinux.org>
Signed-off-by: Mike Frysinger <vapier@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org>
Acked-by: Greg Ungerer <gerg@snapgear.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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This patch enables extraction of the pfn of a hugepage from
/proc/pid/pagemap in an architecture independent manner.
Details
-------
My test program (leak_pagemap) works as follows:
- creat() and mmap() a file on hugetlbfs (file size is 200MB == 100 hugepages,)
- read()/write() something on it,
- call page-types with option -p,
- munmap() and unlink() the file on hugetlbfs
Without my patches
------------------
$ ./leak_pagemap
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000000 1 0 __________________________________
0x0000000000000804 1 0 __R________M______________________ referenced,mmap
0x000000000000086c 81 0 __RU_lA____M______________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x0000000000005808 5 0 ___U_______Ma_b___________________ uptodate,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x0000000000005868 12 0 ___U_lA____Ma_b___________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x000000000000586c 1 0 __RU_lA____Ma_b___________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
total 101 0
The output of page-types don't show any hugepage.
With my patches
---------------
$ ./leak_pagemap
flags page-count MB symbolic-flags long-symbolic-flags
0x0000000000000000 1 0 __________________________________
0x0000000000030000 51100 199 ________________TG________________ compound_tail,huge
0x0000000000028018 100 0 ___UD__________H_G________________ uptodate,dirty,compound_head,huge
0x0000000000000804 1 0 __R________M______________________ referenced,mmap
0x000000000000080c 1 0 __RU_______M______________________ referenced,uptodate,mmap
0x000000000000086c 80 0 __RU_lA____M______________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap
0x0000000000005808 4 0 ___U_______Ma_b___________________ uptodate,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x0000000000005868 12 0 ___U_lA____Ma_b___________________ uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
0x000000000000586c 1 0 __RU_lA____Ma_b___________________ referenced,uptodate,lru,active,mmap,anonymous,swapbacked
total 51300 200
The output of page-types shows 51200 pages contributing to hugepages,
containing 100 head pages and 51100 tail pages as expected.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: build fix]
Signed-off-by: Naoya Horiguchi <n-horiguchi@ah.jp.nec.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andy Whitcroft <apw@canonical.com>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The check code for CONFIG_SWAP is redundant, because there is a
non-CONFIG_SWAP version for PageSwapCache() which just returns 0.
Signed-off-by: Huang Shijie <shijie8@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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It has no references outside memory_hotplug.c.
Cc: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rjw@sisk.pl>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Gerald Schaefer <gerald.schaefer@de.ibm.com>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Yasunori Goto <y-goto@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The previous patch enables page migration of ksm pages, but that soon gets
into trouble: not surprising, since we're using the ksm page lock to lock
operations on its stable_node, but page migration switches the page whose
lock is to be used for that. Another layer of locking would fix it, but
do we need that yet?
Do we actually need page migration of ksm pages? Yes, memory hotremove
needs to offline sections of memory: and since we stopped allocating ksm
pages with GFP_HIGHUSER, they will tend to be GFP_HIGHUSER_MOVABLE
candidates for migration.
But KSM is currently unconscious of NUMA issues, happily merging pages
from different NUMA nodes: at present the rule must be, not to use
MADV_MERGEABLE where you care about NUMA. So no, NUMA page migration of
ksm pages does not make sense yet.
So, to complete support for ksm swapping we need to make hotremove safe.
ksm_memory_callback() take ksm_thread_mutex when MEM_GOING_OFFLINE and
release it when MEM_OFFLINE or MEM_CANCEL_OFFLINE. But if mapped pages
are freed before migration reaches them, stable_nodes may be left still
pointing to struct pages which have been removed from the system: the
stable_node needs to identify a page by pfn rather than page pointer, then
it can safely prune them when MEM_OFFLINE.
And make NUMA migration skip PageKsm pages where it skips PageReserved.
But it's only when we reach unmap_and_move() that the page lock is taken
and we can be sure that raised pagecount has prevented a PageAnon from
being upgraded: so add offlining arg to migrate_pages(), to migrate ksm
page when offlining (has sufficient locking) but reject it otherwise.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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A side-effect of making ksm pages swappable is that they have to be placed
on the LRUs: which then exposes them to isolate_lru_page() and hence to
page migration.
Add rmap_walk() for remove_migration_ptes() to use: rmap_walk_anon() and
rmap_walk_file() in rmap.c, but rmap_walk_ksm() in ksm.c. Perhaps some
consolidation with existing code is possible, but don't attempt that yet
(try_to_unmap needs to handle nonlinears, but migration pte removal does
not).
rmap_walk() is sadly less general than it appears: rmap_walk_anon(), like
remove_anon_migration_ptes() which it replaces, avoids calling
page_lock_anon_vma(), because that includes a page_mapped() test which
fails when all migration ptes are in place. That was valid when NUMA page
migration was introduced (holding mmap_sem provided the missing guarantee
that anon_vma's slab had not already been destroyed), but I believe not
valid in the memory hotremove case added since.
For now do the same as before, and consider the best way to fix that
unlikely race later on. When fixed, we can probably use rmap_walk() on
hwpoisoned ksm pages too: for now, they remain among hwpoison's various
exceptions (its PageKsm test comes before the page is locked, but its
page_lock_anon_vma fails safely if an anon gets upgraded).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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For full functionality, page_referenced_one() and try_to_unmap_one() need
to know the vma: to pass vma down to arch-dependent flushes, or to observe
VM_LOCKED or VM_EXEC. But KSM keeps no record of vma: nor can it, since
vmas get split and merged without its knowledge.
Instead, note page's anon_vma in its rmap_item when adding to stable tree:
all the vmas which might map that page are listed by its anon_vma.
page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm() then traverse the anon_vma,
first to find the probable vma, that which matches rmap_item's mm; but if
that is not enough to locate all instances, traverse again to try the
others. This catches those occasions when fork has duplicated a pte of a
ksm page, but ksmd has not yet come around to assign it an rmap_item.
But each rmap_item in the stable tree which refers to an anon_vma needs to
take a reference to it. Andrea's anon_vma design cleverly avoided a
reference count (an anon_vma was free when its list of vmas was empty),
but KSM now needs to add that. Is a 32-bit count sufficient? I believe
so - the anon_vma is only free when both count is 0 and list is empty.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Initial implementation for swapping out KSM's shared pages: add
page_referenced_ksm() and try_to_unmap_ksm(), which rmap.c calls when
faced with a PageKsm page.
Most of what's needed can be got from the rmap_items listed from the
stable_node of the ksm page, without discovering the actual vma: so in
this patch just fake up a struct vma for page_referenced_one() or
try_to_unmap_one(), then refine that in the next patch.
Add VM_NONLINEAR to ksm_madvise()'s list of exclusions: it has always been
implicit there (being only set with VM_SHARED, already excluded), but
let's make it explicit, to help justify the lack of nonlinear unmap.
Rely on the page lock to protect against concurrent modifications to that
page's node of the stable tree.
The awkward part is not swapout but swapin: do_swap_page() and
page_add_anon_rmap() now have to allow for new possibilities - perhaps a
ksm page still in swapcache, perhaps a swapcache page associated with one
location in one anon_vma now needed for another location or anon_vma.
(And the vma might even be no longer VM_MERGEABLE when that happens.)
ksm_might_need_to_copy() checks for that case, and supplies a duplicate
page when necessary, simply leaving it to a subsequent pass of ksmd to
rediscover the identity and merge them back into one ksm page.
Disappointingly primitive: but the alternative would have to accumulate
unswappable info about the swapped out ksm pages, limiting swappability.
Remove page_add_ksm_rmap(): page_add_anon_rmap() now has to allow for the
particular case it was handling, so just use it instead.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Chris Wright <chrisw@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add a pointer to the ksm page into struct stable_node, holding a reference
to the page while the node exists. Put a pointer to the stable_node into
the ksm page's ->mapping.
Then we don't need get_ksm_page() while traversing the stable tree: the
page to compare against is sure to be present and correct, even if it's no
longer visible through any of its existing rmap_items.
And we can handle the forked ksm page case more efficiently: no need to
memcmp our way through the tree to find its match.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Remove three degrees of obfuscation, left over from when we had
CONFIG_UNEVICTABLE_LRU. MLOCK_PAGES is CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCKED_PAGE_BIT is
CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCK is CONFIG_MMU. rmap.o (and memory-failure.o) are only
built when CONFIG_MMU, so don't need such conditions at all.
Somehow, I feel no compulsion to remove the CONFIG_HAVE_MLOCK* lines from
169 defconfigs: leave those to evolve in due course.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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At present we define PageAnon(page) by the low PAGE_MAPPING_ANON bit set
in page->mapping, with the higher bits a pointer to the anon_vma; and have
defined PageKsm(page) as that with NULL anon_vma.
But KSM swapping will need to store a pointer there: so in preparation for
that, now define PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS as the low two bits, including
PAGE_MAPPING_KSM (always set along with PAGE_MAPPING_ANON, until some
other use for the bit emerges).
Declare page_rmapping(page) to return the pointer part of page->mapping,
and page_anon_vma(page) to return the anon_vma pointer when that's what it
is. Use these in a few appropriate places: notably, unuse_vma() has been
testing page->mapping, but is better to be testing page_anon_vma() (cases
may be added in which flag bits are set without any pointer).
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: Izik Eidus <ieidus@redhat.com>
Cc: Andrea Arcangeli <aarcange@redhat.com>
Cc: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Lee Schermerhorn <Lee.Schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Wu Fengguang <fengguang.wu@intel.com>
Cc: Minchan Kim <minchan.kim@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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If reclaim fails to make sufficient progress, the priority is raised.
Once the priority is higher, kswapd starts waiting on congestion.
However, if the zone is below the min watermark then kswapd needs to
continue working without delay as there is a danger of an increased rate
of GFP_ATOMIC allocation failure.
This patch changes the conditions under which kswapd waits on congestion
by only going to sleep if the min watermarks are being met.
[mel@csn.ul.ie: add stats to track how relevant the logic is]
[mel@csn.ul.ie: make kswapd only check its own zones and rename the relevant counters]
Signed-off-by: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Reviewed-by: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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After kswapd balances all zones in a pgdat, it goes to sleep. In the
event of no IO congestion, kswapd can go to sleep very shortly after the
high watermark was reached. If there are a constant stream of allocations
from parallel processes, it can mean that kswapd went to sleep too quickly
and the high watermark is not being maintained for sufficient length time.
This patch makes kswapd go to sleep as a two-stage process. It first
tries to sleep for HZ/10. If it is woken up by another process or the
high watermark is no longer met, it's considered a premature sleep and
kswapd continues work. Otherwise it goes fully to sleep.
This adds more counters to distinguish between fast and slow breaches of
watermarks. A "fast" premature sleep is one where the low watermark was
hit in a very short time after kswapd going to sleep. A "slow" premature
sleep indicates that the high watermark was breached after a very short
interval.
Signed-off-by: Mel Gorman <mel@csn.ul.ie>
Cc: Frans Pop <elendil@planet.nl>
Cc: KOSAKI Motohiro <kosaki.motohiro@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Seems that page_io.c doesn't really need to know that page_private(page)
is the swp_entry 'val'. Rework map_swap_page() to do what its name says
and map a page to a page offset in the swap space.
The only other caller of map_swap_page() is internal to mm/swapfile.c and
it does want to map a swap entry to the 'sector'. So rename
map_swap_page() to map_swap_entry(), make it 'static' and and implement
map_swap_page() as a wrapper around that.
Signed-off-by: Lee Schermerhorn <lee.schermerhorn@hp.com>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Reorder (and comment) the fields of swap_info_struct, to make better
use of its cachelines: it's good for swap_duplicate() in particular
if unsigned int max and swap_map are near the start.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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While we're fiddling with the swap_map values, let's assign a particular
value to shmem/tmpfs swap pages: their swap counts are never incremented,
and it helps swapoff's try_to_unuse() a little if it can immediately
distinguish those pages from process pages.
Since we've no use for SWAP_MAP_BAD | COUNT_CONTINUED,
we might as well use that 0xbf value for SWAP_MAP_SHMEM.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Reviewed-by: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Swap is duplicated (reference count incremented by one) whenever the same
swap page is inserted into another mm (when forking finds a swap entry in
place of a pte, or when reclaim unmaps a pte to insert the swap entry).
swap_info_struct's vmalloc'ed swap_map is the array of these reference
counts: but what happens when the unsigned short (or unsigned char since
the preceding patch) is full? (and its high bit is kept for a cache flag)
We then lose track of it, never freeing, leaving it in use until swapoff:
at which point we _hope_ that a single pass will have found all instances,
assume there are no more, and will lose user data if we're wrong.
Swapping of KSM pages has not yet been enabled; but it is implemented,
and makes it very easy for a user to overflow the maximum swap count:
possible with ordinary process pages, but unlikely, even when pid_max
has been raised from PID_MAX_DEFAULT.
This patch implements swap count continuations: when the count overflows,
a continuation page is allocated and linked to the original vmalloc'ed
map page, and this used to hold the continuation counts for that entry
and its neighbours. These continuation pages are seldom referenced:
the common paths all work on the original swap_map, only referring to
a continuation page when the low "digit" of a count is incremented or
decremented through SWAP_MAP_MAX.
Signed-off-by: Hugh Dickins <hugh.dickins@tiscali.co.uk>
Cc: KAMEZAWA Hiroyuki <kamezawa.hiroyu@jp.fujitsu.com>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
|
Andi Kleen
Wu Fengguang
Linus Torvalds
Samu Onkalo
Nicolas Ferre
KOSAKI Motohiro
Joe Perches
André Goddard Rosa
Bernhard Walle
Andres Salomon
Phil Carmody
Hiroshi Shimamoto
Amerigo Wang
Cesar Eduardo Barros
Alexey Dobriyan
Jie Zhang
Naoya Horiguchi
Huang Shijie
Andrew Morton
Hugh Dickins
Mel Gorman
Lee Schermerhorn