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consolidate.2019.04.09a: Lingering RCU flavor consolidation cleanups.
doc.2019.03.26b: Documentation updates.
fixes.2019.03.26b: Miscellaneous fixes.
srcu.2019.03.26b: SRCU updates.
stall.2019.03.26b: RCU CPU stall warning updates.
torture.2019.03.26b: Torture-test updates.
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This commit further consolidates the stall-warning code by moving
print_cpu_stall_info() and its helper functions along with
zero_cpu_stall_ticks() to kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The print_cpu_stall_info_begin() and print_cpu_stall_info_end() print a
single character each onto the console, and are a holdover from a time
when RCU CPU stall warning messages could be abbreviated using a long-gone
Kconfig option. This commit therefore adds these single characters to
already-printed strings in the calling functions, and then eliminates
both print_cpu_stall_info_begin() and print_cpu_stall_info_end().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Because expedited CPU stall warnings are contained within the
kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h file, rcu_print_task_exp_stall() should live
there too. This commit carries out the required code motion.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The RCU CPU stall-warning code for normal grace periods is currently
scattered across two files, due to earlier Tiny RCU support for RCU
CPU stall warnings and for old Kconfig options that have long since
been retired. Given that it is hard for the lead RCU maintainer to
find relevant stall-warning code, it would be good to consolidate it.
This commit continues this process by moving stall-warning code from
kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.c to a new kernel/rcu/tree_stall.h file.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The task_struct structure's ->rcu_read_unlock_special field is only ever
read or written by the owning task, but it is accessed both at process
and interrupt levels. It may therefore be accessed using plain reads
and writes while interrupts are disabled, but must be accessed using
READ_ONCE() and WRITE_ONCE() or better otherwise. This commit makes a
few adjustments to align with this discipline.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Because rcu_wake_cond() checks for a null task_struct pointer, there is
no need for its callers to do so. This commit eliminates the redundant
check.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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This commit prints a console message when cpulist_parse() reports a
bad list of CPUs, and sets all CPUs' bits in that case. The reason for
setting all CPUs' bits is that this is the safe(r) choice for real-time
workloads, which would normally be the ones using the rcu_nocbs= kernel
boot parameter. Either way, later RCU console log messages list the
actual set of CPUs whose RCU callbacks will be offloaded.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Currently, the rcu_nocbs= kernel boot parameter requires that a specific
list of CPUs be specified, and has no way to say "all of them".
As noted by user RavFX in a comment to Phoronix topic 1002538, this
is an inconvenient side effect of the removal of the RCU_NOCB_CPU_ALL
Kconfig option. This commit therefore enables the rcu_nocbs= kernel boot
parameter to be given the string "all", as in "rcu_nocbs=all" to specify
that all CPUs on the system are to have their RCU callbacks offloaded.
Another approach would be to make cpulist_parse() check for "all", but
there are uses of cpulist_parse() that do other checking, which could
conflict with an "all". This commit therefore focuses on the specific
use of cpulist_parse() in rcu_nocb_setup().
Just a note to other people who would like changes to Linux-kernel RCU:
If you send your requests to me directly, they might get fixed somewhat
faster. RavFX's comment was posted on January 22, 2018 and I first saw
it on March 5, 2019. And the only reason that I found it -at- -all- was
that I was looking for projects using RCU, and my search engine showed
me that Phoronix comment quite by accident. Your choice, though! ;-)
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The purpose of exit_rcu() is to handle cases where buggy code causes a
task to exit within an RCU read-side critical section. It currently
does that in the case where said RCU read-side critical section was
preempted at least once, but fails to handle cases where preemption did
not occur. This case needs to be handled because otherwise the final
context switch away from the exiting task will incorrectly behave as if
task exit were instead a preemption of an RCU read-side critical section,
and will therefore queue the exiting task. The exiting task will have
exited, and thus won't ever execute rcu_read_unlock(), which means that
it will remain queued forever, blocking all subsequent grace periods,
and eventually resulting in OOM.
Although this is arguably better than letting grace periods proceed
and having a later rcu_read_unlock() access the now-freed task
structure that once belonged to the exiting tasks, it would obviously
be better to correctly handle this case. This commit therefore sets
->rcu_read_lock_nesting to 1 in that case, so that the subsequence call
to __rcu_read_unlock() causes the exiting task to exit its dangling RCU
read-side critical section.
Note that deferred quiescent states need not be considered. The reason
is that removing the task from the ->blkd_tasks[] list in the call to
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs() handles the per-task component of any deferred
quiescent state, and all other components of any deferred quiescent state
are associated with the CPU, which isn't going anywhere until some later
CPU-hotplug operation, which will report any remaining deferred quiescent
states from within the rcu_report_dead() function.
Note also that negative values of ->rcu_read_lock_nesting need not be
considered. First, these won't show up in exit_rcu() unless there is
a serious bug in RCU, and second, setting ->rcu_read_lock_nesting sets
the state so that the RCU read-side critical section will be exited
normally.
Again, this code has no effect unless there has been some prior bug
that prevents a task from leaving an RCU read-side critical section
before exiting. Furthermore, there have been no reports of the bug
fixed by this commit appearing in production. This commit is therefore
absolutely -not- recommended for backporting to -stable.
Reported-by: ABHISHEK DUBEY <dabhishek@iisc.ac.in>
Reported-by: BHARATH Y MOURYA <bharathm@iisc.ac.in>
Reported-by: Aravinda Prasad <aravinda@iisc.ac.in>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Tested-by: ABHISHEK DUBEY <dabhishek@iisc.ac.in>
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doc.2019.01.26a: Documentation updates.
fixes.2019.01.26a: Miscellaneous fixes.
sil.2019.01.26a: Removal of a few more spin_is_locked() instances.
spdx.2019.02.09a: Add SPDX identifiers to RCU files
srcu.2019.01.26a: SRCU updates.
torture.2019.01.26a: Torture-test updates.
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Replace the license boiler plate with a SPDX license identifier.
While in the area, update an email address.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Update .h file SPDX comment format per Joe Perches. ]
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
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The name rcu_check_callbacks() arguably made sense back in the early
2000s when RCU was quite a bit simpler than it is today, but it has
become quite misleading, especially with the advent of dyntick-idle
and NO_HZ_FULL. The rcu_check_callbacks() function is RCU's hook into
the scheduling-clock interrupt, and is now but one of many ways that
callbacks get promoted to invocable state.
This commit therefore changes the name to rcu_sched_clock_irq(),
which is the same number of characters and clearly indicates this
function's relation to the rest of the Linux kernel. In addition, for
the sake of consistency, rcu_flavor_check_callbacks() is also renamed
to rcu_flavor_sched_clock_irq().
While in the area, the header comments for both functions are reworked.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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consolidate.2019.01.26a: RCU flavor consolidation cleanups.
fwd.2019.01.26a: RCU grace-period forward-progress fixes.
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This commit updates a few obsolete comments in the RCU callback-offload
code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Given that RCU has a perfectly good per-CPU rcu_data structure, most
per-CPU quantities should be stored there.
This commit therefore moves the rcu_cpu_has_work per-CPU variable to
the rcu_data structure. This also makes this variable unconditionally
present, which should be acceptable given the memory reduction due to the
RCU flavor consolidation and also due to simplifications this will enable.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The rcu_cpu_kthread_loops variable used to provide debugfs information,
but is no longer used. This commit therefore removes it.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Given that RCU has a perfectly good per-CPU rcu_data structure, most
per-CPU quantities should be stored there.
This commit therefore moves the rcu_cpu_kthread_status per-CPU variable
to the rcu_data structure. This also makes this variable unconditionally
present, which should be acceptable given the memory reduction due to the
RCU flavor consolidation and also due to simplifications this will enable.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Given that RCU has a perfectly good per-CPU rcu_data structure, most
per-CPU quantities should be stored there.
This commit therefore moves the rcu_cpu_kthread_task per-CPU variable to
the rcu_data structure. This also makes this variable unconditionally
present, which should be acceptable given the memory reduction due to the
RCU flavor consolidation and also due to simplifications this will enable.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Back when there were multiple flavors of RCU, it was necessary to
separately count lazy and non-lazy callbacks for each CPU. These counts
were used in CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ kernels to determine how long a newly
idle CPU should be allowed to sleep before handling its RCU callbacks.
But now that there is only one flavor, the callback counts for a given
CPU's sole rcu_data structure are the counts for that CPU.
This commit therefore removes the rcu_data structure's ->nonlazy_posted
and ->nonlazy_posted_snap fields, the rcu_idle_count_callbacks_posted()
and rcu_cpu_has_callbacks() functions, repurposes the rcu_data structure's
->all_lazy field to record the laziness state at the beginning of the
latest idle sojourn, and modifies CONFIG_RCU_FAST_NO_HZ RCU CPU stall
warnings accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Now that rcu_blocking_is_gp() makes the correct immediate-return
decision for both PREEMPT and !PREEMPT, a single implementation of
synchronize_rcu() will work correctly under both configurations.
This commit therefore eliminates a few lines of code by consolidating
the two implementations of synchronize_rcu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The rcu_kthread_do_work() function has a single-line body and only one
remaining caller. This commit therefore saves a few lines of code by
inlining rcu_kthread_do_work() into its sole remaining caller.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Given RCU flavor consolidation, the name rcu_spawn_all_nocb_kthreads()
is quite misleading. It no longer ever creates more than one kthread,
and it does so only for the specified CPU. This commit therefore changes
this name to the more descriptive rcu_spawn_cpu_nocb_kthread(), and also
fixes up a similar issue in its header comment while in the area.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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The RCU CPU stall warnings print an estimate of the total number of
RCU callbacks queued in the system, but this estimate leaves out
the callbacks queued for nocbs CPUs. This commit therefore introduces
rcu_get_n_cbs_cpu(), which gives an accurate callback estimate for
both nocbs and normal CPUs, and uses this new function as needed.
This commit also introduces a rcu_get_n_cbs_nocb_cpu() helper function
that returns the number of callbacks for nocbs CPUs or zero otherwise,
and also uses this function in place of direct access to ->nocb_q_count
while in the area (fewer characters, you see).
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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This commit affinities the forward-progress tests to avoid hogging a
housekeeping CPU on the theory that the offloaded callbacks will be
running on those housekeeping CPUs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Fix NULL-pointer issue located by kbuild test robot. ]
Tested-by: Rong Chen <rong.a.chen@intel.com>
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bug.2018.11.12a: Get rid of BUG_ON() and friends
consolidate.2018.12.01a: Continued RCU flavor-consolidation cleanup
doc.2018.11.12a: Documentation updates
fixes.2018.11.12a: Miscellaneous fixes
initrd.2018.11.08b: Automate creation of rcutorture initrd
sil.2018.11.12a: Remove more spin_unlock_wait() calls
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Subtracting INT_MIN can be interpreted as unconditional signed integer
overflow, which according to the C standard is undefined behavior.
Therefore, kernel build arguments notwithstanding, it would be good to
future-proof the code. This commit therefore substitutes INT_MAX for
INT_MIN in order to avoid undefined behavior.
While in the neighborhood, this commit also creates some meaningful names
for INT_MAX and friends in order to improve readability, as suggested
by Joel Fernandes.
Reported-by: Ran Rozenstein <ranro@mellanox.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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Because __this_cpu_read() can be lighter weight than equivalent uses of
this_cpu_ptr(), this commit replaces the latter with the former.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
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In PREEMPT kernels, an expedited grace period might send an IPI to a
CPU that is executing an RCU read-side critical section. In that case,
it would be nice if the rcu_read_unlock() directly interacted with the
RCU core code to immediately report the quiescent state. And this does
happen in the case where the reader has been preempted. But it would
also be a nice performance optimization if immediate reporting also
happened in the preemption-free case.
This commit therefore adds an ->exp_hint field to the task_struct structure's
->rcu_read_unlock_special field. The IPI handler sets this hint when
it has interrupted an RCU read-side critical section, and this causes
the outermost rcu_read_unlock() call to invoke rcu_read_unlock_special(),
which, if preemption is enabled, reports the quiescent state immediately.
If preemption is disabled, then the report is required to be deferred
until preemption (or bottom halves or interrupts or whatever) is re-enabled.
Because this is a hint, it does nothing for more complicated cases. For
example, if the IPI interrupts an RCU reader, but interrupts are disabled
across the rcu_read_unlock(), but another rcu_read_lock() is executed
before interrupts are re-enabled, the hint will already have been cleared.
If you do crazy things like this, reporting will be deferred until some
later RCU_SOFTIRQ handler, context switch, cond_resched(), or similar.
Reported-by: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
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The tree_plugin.h file has a number of calls to BUG_ON(), which panics
the kernel, which is not a good strategy for devices (like embedded)
that don't have a way to capture console output. This commit therefore
converts these BUG_ON() calls to WARN_ON_ONCE() and WARN_ONCE().
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.ibm.com>
[ paulmck: Fix typo: s/rcuo/rcub/. ]
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This commit move ->dynticks from the rcu_dynticks structure to the
rcu_data structure, replacing the field of the same name. It also updates
the code to access ->dynticks from the rcu_data structure and to use the
rcu_data structure rather than following to now-gone ->dynticks field
to the now-gone rcu_dynticks structure. While in the area, this commit
also fixes up comments.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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This commit removes ->dynticks_nesting and ->dynticks_nmi_nesting from
the rcu_dynticks structure and updates the code to access them from the
rcu_data structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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This commit removes ->rcu_need_heavy_qs and ->rcu_urgent_qs from the
rcu_dynticks structure and updates the code to access them from the
rcu_data structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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This commit removes ->all_lazy, ->nonlazy_posted and ->nonlazy_posted_snap
from the rcu_dynticks structure and updates the code to access them from
the rcu_data structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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This commit removes ->last_accelerate and ->last_advance_all from the
rcu_dynticks structure and updates the code to access them from the
rcu_data structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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This commit removes ->tick_nohz_enabled_snap from the rcu_dynticks
structure and updates the code to access it from the rcu_data
structure.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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The resched_cpu() interface is quite handy, but it does acquire the
specified CPU's runqueue lock, which does not come for free. This
commit therefore substitutes the following when directing resched_cpu()
at the current CPU:
set_tsk_need_resched(current);
set_preempt_need_resched();
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
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Because nohz_full CPUs can leave the scheduler-clock interrupt disabled
even when in kernel mode, RCU cannot rely on rcu_check_callbacks() to
enlist the scheduler's aid in extracting a quiescent state from such CPUs.
This commit therefore more aggressively uses resched_cpu() on nohz_full
CPUs that fail to pass through a quiescent state in a timely manner.
By default, the resched_cpu() beating starts 300 milliseconds into the
quiescent state.
While in the neighborhood, add a ->last_fqs_resched field to the rcu_data
structure in order to rate-limit resched_cpu() calls from the RCU
grace-period kthread.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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The jiffies_till_sched_qs value used to determine how old a grace period
must be before RCU enlists the help of the scheduler to force a quiescent
state on the holdout CPU. Currently, this defaults to HZ/10 regardless of
system size and may be set only at boot time. This can be a problem for
very large systems, because if the values of the jiffies_till_first_fqs
and jiffies_till_next_fqs kernel parameters are left at their defaults,
they are calculated to increase as the number of CPUs actually configured
on the system increases. Thus, on a sufficiently large system, RCU would
enlist the help of the scheduler before the grace-period kthread had a
chance to scan for idle CPUs, which wastes CPU time.
This commit therefore allows jiffies_till_sched_qs to be set, if desired,
but if left as default, computes is as jiffies_till_first_fqs plus twice
jiffies_till_next_fqs, thus allowing three force-quiescent-state scans
for idle CPUs. This scales with the number of CPUs, providing sensible
default values.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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The ->rcu_qs_ctr counter was intended to allow providing a lightweight
report of a quiescent state to all RCU flavors. But now that there is
only one flavor of RCU in any one running kernel, there is no point in
having this feature. This commit therefore removes the ->rcu_qs_ctr
field from the rcu_dynticks structure and the ->rcu_qs_ctr_snap field
from the rcu_data structure. This results in the "rqc" option to the
rcu_fqs trace event no longer being used, so this commit also removes the
"rqc" description from the header comment.
While in the neighborhood, this commit also causes the forward-progress
request .rcu_need_heavy_qs be set one jiffies_till_sched_qs interval
later in the grace period than the first setting of .rcu_urgent_qs.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Because rcu_barrier() is a one-line wrapper function for _rcu_barrier()
and because nothing else calls _rcu_barrier(), this commit inlines
_rcu_barrier() into rcu_barrier().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Now that rcu_all_qs() is used only in !PREEMPT builds, move it to
tree_plugin.h so that it is defined only in those builds. This in
turn means that rcu_momentary_dyntick_idle() is only used in !PREEMPT
builds, but it is simply marked __maybe_unused in order to keep it
near the rest of the dyntick-idle code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Consolidation of the RCU flavors into one makes increment_cpu_stall_ticks()
a trivial one-line function with only one caller. This commit therefore
inlines it.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Now that there is only ever a single flavor of RCU in a given kernel
build, there isn't a whole lot of point in having a flavor-traversal
macro. This commit therefore removes it and converts calls to it to
straightline code, inlining trivial functions as appropriate.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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This commit removes the last non-flavor-traversal rsp local variable from
kernel/rcu/tree_plugin.h in favor of &rcu_state. The flavor-traversal
locals will be removed with the removal of flavor traversal.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Now that there is only one rcu_state structure, there is no need for the
rcu_data structure to indicate which it corresponds to. This commit
therefore removes the rcu_data structure's ->rsp field, replacing all
remaining uses of it with &rcu_state.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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There now is only one rcu_state structure in a given build of the Linux
kernel, so there is no need to pass it as a parameter to RCU's rcu_node
tree's accessor macros. This commit therefore removes the rsp parameter
from those macros in kernel/rcu/rcu.h, and removes some now-unused rsp
local variables while in the area.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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There now is only one rcu_state structure in a given build of the
Linux kernel, so there is no need to pass it as a parameter to
RCU's functions. This commit therefore removes the rsp parameter
from the code in kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h, and removes all of the
rsp local variables while in the area.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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There now is only one rcu_state structure in a given build of the
Linux kernel, so there is no need to pass it as a parameter to
RCU's functions. This commit therefore removes the rsp parameter
from rcu_nocb_cpu_needs_barrier(), rcu_spawn_one_nocb_kthread(),
rcu_organize_nocb_kthreads(), rcu_nocb_cpu_needs_barrier(), and
rcu_nohz_full_cpu().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
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Paul E. McKenney
Paul E. McKenney