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Pull sysctl updates from Luis Chamberlain:
"For two kernel releases now kernel/sysctl.c has been being cleaned up
slowly, since the tables were grossly long, sprinkled with tons of
#ifdefs and all this caused merge conflicts with one susbystem or
another.
This tree was put together to help try to avoid conflicts with these
cleanups going on different trees at time. So nothing exciting on this
pull request, just cleanups.
Thanks a lot to the Uniontech and Huawei folks for doing some of this
nasty work"
* tag 'sysctl-5.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mcgrof/linux: (28 commits)
sched: Fix build warning without CONFIG_SYSCTL
reboot: Fix build warning without CONFIG_SYSCTL
kernel/kexec_core: move kexec_core sysctls into its own file
sysctl: minor cleanup in new_dir()
ftrace: fix building with SYSCTL=y but DYNAMIC_FTRACE=n
fs/proc: Introduce list_for_each_table_entry for proc sysctl
mm: fix unused variable kernel warning when SYSCTL=n
latencytop: move sysctl to its own file
ftrace: fix building with SYSCTL=n but DYNAMIC_FTRACE=y
ftrace: Fix build warning
ftrace: move sysctl_ftrace_enabled to ftrace.c
kernel/do_mount_initrd: move real_root_dev sysctls to its own file
kernel/delayacct: move delayacct sysctls to its own file
kernel/acct: move acct sysctls to its own file
kernel/panic: move panic sysctls to its own file
kernel/lockdep: move lockdep sysctls to its own file
mm: move page-writeback sysctls to their own file
mm: move oom_kill sysctls to their own file
kernel/reboot: move reboot sysctls to its own file
sched: Move energy_aware sysctls to topology.c
...
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Pull printk updates from Petr Mladek:
- Offload writing printk() messages on consoles to per-console
kthreads.
It prevents soft-lockups when an extensive amount of messages is
printed. It was observed, for example, during boot of large systems
with a lot of peripherals like disks or network interfaces.
It prevents live-lockups that were observed, for example, when
messages about allocation failures were reported and a CPU handled
consoles instead of reclaiming the memory. It was hard to solve even
with rate limiting because it would need to take into account the
amount of messages and the speed of all consoles.
It is a must to have for real time. Otherwise, any printk() might
break latency guarantees.
The per-console kthreads allow to handle each console on its own
speed. Slow consoles do not longer slow down faster ones. And
printk() does not longer unpredictably slows down various code paths.
There are situations when the kthreads are either not available or
not reliable, for example, early boot, suspend, or panic. In these
situations, printk() uses the legacy mode and tries to handle
consoles immediately.
- Add documentation for the printk index.
* tag 'printk-for-5.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/printk/linux:
printk, tracing: fix console tracepoint
printk: remove @console_locked
printk: extend console_lock for per-console locking
printk: add kthread console printers
printk: add functions to prefer direct printing
printk: add pr_flush()
printk: move buffer definitions into console_emit_next_record() caller
printk: refactor and rework printing logic
printk: add con_printk() macro for console details
printk: call boot_delay_msec() in printk_delay()
printk: get caller_id/timestamp after migration disable
printk: wake waiters for safe and NMI contexts
printk: wake up all waiters
printk: add missing memory barrier to wake_up_klogd()
printk: cpu sync always disable interrupts
printk: rename cpulock functions
printk/index: Printk index feature documentation
MAINTAINERS: Add printk indexing maintainers on mention of printk_index
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exp.2022.05.11a: Expedited-grace-period latency-reduction updates.
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Enabling CONFIG_RCU_BOOST did not reduce RCU expedited grace-period
latency because its workqueues run at SCHED_OTHER, and thus can be
delayed by normal processes. This commit avoids these delays by moving
the expedited GP work items to a real-time-priority kthread_worker.
This option is controlled by CONFIG_RCU_EXP_KTHREAD and disabled by
default on PREEMPT_RT=y kernels which disable expedited grace periods
after boot by unconditionally setting rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot=1.
The results were evaluated on arm64 Android devices (6GB ram) running
5.10 kernel, and capturing trace data in critical user-level code.
The table below shows the resulting order-of-magnitude improvements
in synchronize_rcu_expedited() latency:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | workqueues | kthread_worker | Diff |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Count | 725 | 688 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Min Duration (ns) | 326 | 447 | 37.12% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Q1 (ns) | 39,428 | 38,971 | -1.16% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Q2 - Median (ns) | 98,225 | 69,743 | -29.00% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Q3 (ns) | 342,122 | 126,638 | -62.98% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Max Duration (ns) | 372,766,967 | 2,329,671 | -99.38% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Avg Duration (ns) | 2,746,353 | 151,242 | -94.49% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Standard Deviation (ns) | 19,327,765 | 294,408 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The below table show the range of maximums/minimums for
synchronize_rcu_expedited() latency from all experiments:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | workqueues | kthread_worker | Diff |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Total No. of Experiments | 25 | 23 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Largest Maximum (ns) | 372,766,967 | 2,329,671 | -99.38% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Smallest Maximum (ns) | 38,819 | 86,954 | 124.00% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Range of Maximums (ns) | 372,728,148 | 2,242,717 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Largest Minimum (ns) | 88,623 | 27,588 | -68.87% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Smallest Minimum (ns) | 326 | 447 | 37.12% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Range of Minimums (ns) | 88,297 | 27,141 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Reported-by: Wei Wang <wvw@google.com>
Tested-by: Kyle Lin <kylelin@google.com>
Tested-by: Chunwei Lu <chunweilu@google.com>
Tested-by: Lulu Wang <luluw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently both expedited and regular grace period stall warnings use
a single timeout value that with units of seconds. However, recent
Android use cases problem require a sub-100-millisecond expedited RCU CPU
stall warning. Given that expedited RCU grace periods normally complete
in far less than a single millisecond, especially for small systems,
this is not unreasonable.
Therefore introduce the CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT kernel
configuration that defaults to 20 msec on Android and remains the same
as that of the non-expedited stall warnings otherwise. It also can be
changed in run-time via: /sys/.../parameters/rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout.
[ paulmck: Default of zero to use CONFIG_RCU_STALL_TIMEOUT. ]
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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docs.2022.04.20a: Documentation updates.
fixes.2022.04.20a: Miscellaneous fixes.
nocb.2022.04.11b: Callback-offloading updates.
rcu-tasks.2022.04.11b: RCU-tasks updates.
srcu.2022.05.03a: Put SRCU on a memory diet.
torture.2022.04.11b: Torture-test updates.
torture-tasks.2022.04.20a: Avoid torture testing changing RCU configuration.
torturescript.2022.04.20a: Torture-test scripting updates.
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Commit 9c7ef4c30f12 ("srcu: Make Tree SRCU able to operate without
snp_node array") initializes the local variable sdp differently depending
on the srcu's state in srcu_gp_start(). Either way, this initialization
overwrites the value used when sdp is defined.
This commit therefore drops this pointless definition-time initialization.
Although there is no functional change, compiler code generation may
be affected.
Signed-off-by: Lukas Bulwahn <lukas.bulwahn@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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If an SRCU reader blocks while a synchronize_srcu_expedited() waits for
that same reader, then that grace period will spawn an endless series of
workqueue handlers, consuming a full CPU. This quickly gets pointless
because consuming more CPU isn't going to make that reader get done
faster, especially if it is blocked waiting for an external event.
This commit therefore spawns at most one pair of back-to-back workqueue
handlers per expedited grace period phase, instead inserting increasing
delays as that grace period phase grows older, but capped at 10 jiffies.
In any case, if there have been at least 100 back-to-back workqueue
handlers within a single jiffy, regardless of grace period or grace-period
phase, then a one-jiffy delay is inserted.
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from kernel test robot. ]
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Reported-by: Song Liu <song@kernel.org>
Tested-by: kernel test robot <oliver.sang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit increases the sensitivity of contention detection by adding
checks to the acquisition of the srcu_data structure's lock on the
call_srcu() code path.
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit adds a srcutree.convert_to_big option of zero that causes
SRCU to decide at boot whether to wait for contention (small systems) or
immediately expand to large (large systems). A new srcutree.big_cpu_lim
(defaulting to 128) defines how many CPUs constitute a large system.
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Once kthread printing is available, console printing will no longer
occur in the context of the printk caller. However, there are some
special contexts where it is desirable for the printk caller to
directly print out kernel messages. Using pr_flush() to wait for
threaded printers is only possible if the caller is in a sleepable
context and the kthreads are active. That is not always the case.
Introduce printk_prefer_direct_enter() and printk_prefer_direct_exit()
functions to explicitly (and globally) activate/deactivate preferred
direct console printing. The term "direct console printing" refers to
printing to all enabled consoles from the context of the printk
caller. The term "prefer" is used because this type of printing is
only best effort. If the console is currently locked or other
printers are already actively printing, the printk caller will need
to rely on the other contexts to handle the printing.
This preferred direct printing is how all printing has been handled
until now (unless it was explicitly deferred).
When kthread printing is introduced, there may be some unanticipated
problems due to kthreads being unable to flush important messages.
In order to minimize such risks, preferred direct printing is
activated for the primary important messages when the system
experiences general types of major errors. These are:
- emergency reboot/shutdown
- cpu and rcu stalls
- hard and soft lockups
- hung tasks
- warn
- sysrq
Note that since kthread printing does not yet exist, no behavior
changes result from this commit. This is only implementing the
counter and marking the various places where preferred direct
printing is active.
Signed-off-by: John Ogness <john.ogness@linutronix.de>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org> # for RCU
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220421212250.565456-13-john.ogness@linutronix.de
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Currently, a CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y kernel substitutes normal RCU for
RCU Tasks Rude and RCU Tasks Trace. Unless that kernel builds rcuscale,
whether built-in or as a module, in which case these RCU Tasks flavors are
(unnecessarily) built in. This both increases kernel size and increases
the complexity of certain tracing operations. This commit therefore
decouples the presence of rcuscale from the presence of RCU Tasks Rude
and RCU Tasks Trace.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, a CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y kernel substitutes normal RCU for
RCU Tasks. Unless that kernel builds rcuscale, whether built-in or as
a module, in which case RCU Tasks is (unnecessarily) built. This both
increases kernel size and increases the complexity of certain tracing
operations. This commit therefore decouples the presence of rcuscale
from the presence of RCU Tasks.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, a CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y kernel substitutes normal RCU for
RCU Tasks Rude and RCU Tasks Trace. Unless that kernel builds refscale,
whether built-in or as a module, in which case these RCU Tasks flavors are
(unnecessarily) built in. This both increases kernel size and increases
the complexity of certain tracing operations. This commit therefore
decouples the presence of refscale from the presence of RCU Tasks Rude
and RCU Tasks Trace.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, a CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y kernel substitutes normal RCU for
RCU Tasks. Unless that kernel builds refscale, whether built-in or as a
module, in which case RCU Tasks is (unnecessarily) built in. This both
increases kernel size and increases the complexity of certain tracing
operations. This commit therefore decouples the presence of refscale
from the presence of RCU Tasks.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Unless a kernel builds rcutorture, whether built-in or as a module, that
kernel is also built with CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU, whether anything else
needs Tasks Rude RCU or not. This unnecessarily increases kernel size.
This commit therefore decouples the presence of rcutorture from the
presence of RCU Tasks Rude.
However, there is a need to select CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU for testing
purposes. Except that casual users must not be bothered with
questions -- for them, this needs to be fully automated. There is
thus a CONFIG_FORCE_TASKS_RUDE_RCU that selects CONFIG_TASKS_RUDE_RCU,
is user-selectable, but which depends on CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT.
[ paulmck: Apply kernel test robot feedback. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, a CONFIG_PREEMPT_NONE=y kernel substitutes normal RCU for
RCU Tasks. Unless that kernel builds rcutorture, whether built-in or as
a module, in which case RCU Tasks is (unnecessarily) used. This both
increases kernel size and increases the complexity of certain tracing
operations. This commit therefore decouples the presence of rcutorture
from the presence of RCU Tasks.
However, there is a need to select CONFIG_TASKS_RCU for testing purposes.
Except that casual users must not be bothered with questions -- for them,
this needs to be fully automated. There is thus a CONFIG_FORCE_TASKS_RCU
that selects CONFIG_TASKS_RCU, is user-selectable, but which depends
on CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT.
[ paulmck: Apply kernel test robot feedback. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Unless a kernel builds rcutorture, whether built-in or as a module, that
kernel is also built with CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU, whether anything else
needs Tasks Trace RCU or not. This unnecessarily increases kernel size.
This commit therefore decouples the presence of rcutorture from the
presence of RCU Tasks Trace.
However, there is a need to select CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU for
testing purposes. Except that casual users must not be bothered with
questions -- for them, this needs to be fully automated. There is thus
a CONFIG_FORCE_TASKS_TRACE_RCU that selects CONFIG_TASKS_TRACE_RCU,
is user-selectable, but which depends on CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT.
[ paulmck: Apply kernel test robot feedback. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, any kernel built with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=y also gets
CONFIG_TASKS_RCU=y, which is not helpful to people trying to build
preemptible kernels of minimal size.
Because CONFIG_TASKS_RCU=y is needed only in kernels doing tracing of
one form or another, this commit moves from TASKS_RCU deciding when it
should be enabled to the tracing Kconfig options explicitly selecting it.
This allows building preemptible kernels without TASKS_RCU, if desired.
This commit also updates the SRCU-N and TREE09 rcutorture scenarios
in order to avoid Kconfig errors that would otherwise result from
CONFIG_TASKS_RCU being selected without its CONFIG_RCU_EXPERT dependency
being met.
[ paulmck: Apply BPF_SYSCALL feedback from Andrii Nakryiko. ]
Reported-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Zhouyi Zhou <zhouzhouyi@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Cc: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Acked-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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When booting kernels built with both CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y
and CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y, the rcu_read_unlock_special() function's
invocation of irq_work_queue_on() the init_irq_work() causes the
rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_handler() function to work execute in SCHED_FIFO
irq_work kthreads. Because rcu_read_unlock_special() is invoked on each
rcu_read_unlock() in such kernels, the amount of work just keeps piling
up, resulting in a boot-time hang.
This commit therefore avoids this hang by using IRQ_WORK_INIT_HARD()
instead of init_irq_work(), but only in kernels built with both
CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y and CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcu_sync_enter() function is used by updaters to force RCU readers
(e.g. percpu-rwsem) to use their slow paths during an update. This is
accomplished by setting the ->gp_state of the rcu_sync structure to
GP_ENTER. In the case of percpu-rwsem, the readers' slow path waits on
a semaphore instead of just incrementing a reader count. Each updater
invokes the rcu_sync_exit() function to signal to readers that they
may again take their fastpaths. The rcu_sync_exit() function sets the
->gp_state of the rcu_sync structure to GP_EXIT, and if all goes well,
after a grace period the ->gp_state reverts back to GP_IDLE.
Unfortunately, the rcu_sync_enter() function currently has a comment
incorrectly stating that rcu_sync_exit() (by an updater) will re-enable
reader "slowpaths". This patch changes the comment to state that this
function re-enables reader fastpaths.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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For the spawning of the priority-boost kthreads can fail, improbable
though this might seem. This commit therefore refrains from attemoting
to initiate RCU priority boosting when The ->boost_kthread_task pointer
is NULL.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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An early check on synchronize_rcu[_expedited]() tries to determine if
the current CPU is in UP mode on an SMP no-preempt kernel, in which case
there is no need to start a grace period since the current assumed
quiescent state is all we need.
However the preemption mode doesn't take into account the boot selected
preemption mode under CONFIG_PREEMPT_DYNAMIC=y, missing a possible
early return if the running flavour is "none" or "voluntary".
Use the shiny new preempt mode accessors to fix this. However,
avoid invoking them during early boot because doing so triggers a
WARN_ON_ONCE().
[ paulmck: Update for mainlined API. ]
Reported-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Valentin Schneider <valentin.schneider@arm.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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RCU's synchronous grace periods act quite differently when there is
only one online CPU, especially in the no-op case in kernels built with
CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n. This change in behavior can be important debugging
information, so this commit adds the number of online CPUs to the RCU
CPU stall warning messages.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The final "if" statement in rcu_gp_cleanup() has proven to be rather
confusing, straightforward though it might have seemed when initially
written. This commit therefore adds comments to its "then" and "else"
clauses to at least provide a more elevated form of confusion.
Reported-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Reported-by: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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A report of a 12-jiffy normal RCU CPU stall warning raises interesting
questions about the nature of time on the offending system. This commit
instruments rcu_sched_clock_irq(), which is RCU's hook into the
scheduling-clock interrupt, checking for the jiffies counter going
backwards.
Reported-by: Saravanan D <sarvanand@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Suppose we have a kernel built with both CONFIG_RCU_STRICT_GRACE_PERIOD=y
and CONFIG_PREEMPT=y. Suppose further that an RCU reader from which RCU
core needs a quiescent state ends in rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore().
This function will then invoke rcu_report_qs_rdp() in order to immediately
report that quiescent state. Unfortunately, it will not have cleared
that reader's CPU's rcu_data structure's ->cpu_no_qs.b.norm field.
As a result, rcu_report_qs_rdp() will take an early exit because it
will believe that this CPU has not yet encountered a quiescent state,
and there will be no reporting of the current quiescent state.
This commit therefore causes rcu_preempt_deferred_qs_irqrestore() to
clear the ->cpu_no_qs.b.norm field before invoking rcu_report_qs_rdp().
Kudos to Boqun Feng and Neeraj Upadhyay for helping with analysis of
this issue!
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Reported-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Reported-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The TASKS_RUDE_RCU does not select IRQ_WORK, which can result in build
failures for kernels that do not otherwise select IRQ_WORK. This commit
therefore causes the TASKS_RUDE_RCU Kconfig option to select IRQ_WORK.
Reported-by: Hyeonggon Yoo <42.hyeyoo@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcutorture module has an rcu_torture_writer task that repeatedly
performs writes, synchronizations, and deletes. There is a corner-case
check in rcu_torture_writer() wherein if nsynctypes is 0, a warning is
issued and the task waits to be stopped via a call to
torture_kthread_stopping() rather than performing any work.
There should be a return statement following this call to
torture_kthread_stopping(), as the intention with issuing the call to
torture_kthread_stopping() in the first place is to avoid the
rcu_torture_writer task from performing any work. Some of the work may even
be dangerous to perform, such as potentially causing a #DE due to
nsynctypes being used in a modulo operator when querying for sync updates
to issue.
This patch adds the missing return call. As a bonus, it also fixes a
checkpatch warning that was emitted due to the WARN_ONCE() call using the
name of the function rather than __func__.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcutorture module is used to run torture tests that validate RCU.
rcutorture takes a variety of module parameters that configure the
functionality of the test. Amongst these parameters are the types of
synchronization mechanisms that the rcu_torture_writer and
rcu_torture_fakewriter tasks may use, and the torture_type of the run which
determines what read and sync operations are used by the various writer and
reader tasks that run throughout the test.
When the module is configured to only use sync types for which the
specified torture_type does not implement the necessary operations, we can
end up in a state where nsynctypes is 0. This is not an erroneous state,
but it currently crashes the kernel with a #DE due to nsynctypes being used
with a modulo operator in rcu_torture_fakewriter().
Here is an example of such a #DE:
$ insmod ./rcutorture.ko gp_cond=1 gp_cond_exp=0 gp_exp=0 gp_poll_exp=0
gp_normal=0 gp_poll=0 gp_poll_exp=0 verbose=9999 torture_type=trivial
...
[ 8536.525096] divide error: 0000 [#1] PREEMPT SMP PTI
[ 8536.525101] CPU: 30 PID: 392138 Comm: rcu_torture_fak Kdump: loaded Tainted: G S 5.17.0-rc1-00179-gc8c42c80febd #24
[ 8536.525105] Hardware name: Quanta Twin Lakes MP/Twin Lakes Passive MP, BIOS F09_3A23 12/08/2020
[ 8536.525106] RIP: 0010:rcu_torture_fakewriter+0xf1/0x2d0 [rcutorture]
[ 8536.525121] Code: 00 31 d2 8d 0c f5 00 00 00 00 48 63 c9 48 f7 f1 48 85 d2 0f 84 79 ff ff ff 48 89 e7 e8 78 78 01 00 48 63 0d 29 ca 00 00 31 d2 <48> f7 f1 8b 04 95 00 05 4e a0 83 f8 06 0f 84 ad 00 00 00 7f 1f 83
[ 8536.525124] RSP: 0018:ffffc9000777fef0 EFLAGS: 00010246
[ 8536.525127] RAX: 00000000223d006e RBX: cccccccccccccccd RCX: 0000000000000000
[ 8536.525130] RDX: 0000000000000000 RSI: ffffffff824315b9 RDI: ffffc9000777fef0
[ 8536.525132] RBP: ffffc9000487bb30 R08: 0000000000000002 R09: 000000000002a580
[ 8536.525134] R10: ffffffff82c5f920 R11: 0000000000000000 R12: ffff8881a2c35d00
[ 8536.525136] R13: ffff8881540c8d00 R14: ffffffffa04d39d0 R15: 0000000000000000
[ 8536.525137] FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff88903ff80000(0000) knlGS:0000000000000000
[ 8536.525140] CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
[ 8536.525142] CR2: 00007f839f022000 CR3: 0000000002c0a006 CR4: 00000000007706e0
[ 8536.525144] DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
[ 8536.525145] DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
[ 8536.525147] PKRU: 55555554
[ 8536.525148] Call Trace:
[ 8536.525150] <TASK>
[ 8536.525153] kthread+0xe8/0x110
[ 8536.525161] ? kthread_complete_and_exit+0x20/0x20
[ 8536.525167] ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
[ 8536.525174] </TASK>
The solution is to gracefully handle the case of nsynctypes being 0 in
rcu_torture_fakewriter() by not performing any work. This is already being
done in rcu_torture_writer(), though there is a missing return on that path
which will be fixed in a subsequent patch.
Signed-off-by: David Vernet <void@manifault.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Tree RCU supports grace-period delays using the rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay,
rcutree.gp_init_delay, and rcutree.gp_preinit_delay kernel boot
parameters. These delays are strictly for debugging purposes, and have
proven quite effective at exposing bugs involving race with CPU-hotplug
operations. However, these delays can result in false positives when
used in conjunction with callback flooding, for example, those generated
by the rcutorture.fwd_progress kernel boot parameter.
This commit therefore suppresses grace-period delays while callback
flooding is in progress.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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If the cpu_possible_mask is sparse (for example, if bits are set only for
CPUs 0, 4, 8, ...), then rcu_tasks_invoke_cbs() will access per-CPU data
for a CPU not in cpu_possible_mask. It makes these accesses while doing
a workqueue-based binary search for non-empty callback lists. Although
this search must pass through CPUs not represented in cpu_possible_mask,
it has no need to check the callback list for such CPUs.
This commit therefore changes the rcu_tasks_invoke_cbs() function's
binary search so as to only check callback lists for CPUs present in
cpu_possible_mask.
Reported-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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If the rcupdate.rcu_task_enqueue_lim kernel boot parameter is set to
something greater than 1 and less than nr_cpu_ids, the code attempts to
use a subset of the CPU's RCU Tasks callback lists. This works, but only
if the cpu_possible_mask is contiguous. If there are "holes" in this
mask, the callback-enqueue code might attempt to access a non-existent
per-CPU ->rtcpu variable for a non-existent CPU. For example, if only
CPUs 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and so on are in cpu_possible_mask, specifying
rcupdate.rcu_task_enqueue_lim=4 would cause the code to attempt to
use callback queues for non-existent CPUs 1, 2, and 3. Because such
systems have existed in the past and might still exist, the code needs
to gracefully handle this situation.
This commit therefore checks to see whether the desired CPU is present
in cpu_possible_mask, and, if not, searches for the next CPU. This means
that the systems administrator of a system with a sparse cpu_possible_mask
will need to account for this sparsity when specifying the value of
the rcupdate.rcu_task_enqueue_lim kernel boot parameter. For example,
setting this parameter to the value 4 will use only CPUs 0 and 4, which
CPU 4 getting three times the callback load of CPU 0.
This commit assumes that bit (nr_cpu_ids - 1) is always set in
cpu_possible_mask.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CANn89iKaNEwyNZ=L_PQnkH0LP_XjLYrr_dpyRKNNoDJaWKdrmg@mail.gmail.com/
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, the show_rcu_tasks_generic_gp_kthread() function only looks
at CPU 0's callback lists. Although this is not fatal, it can confuse
debugging efforts in cases where any of the Tasks RCU flavors are in
per-CPU queueing mode. This commit therefore causes this function to
scan all CPUs' callback queues.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The use of hrtimers for RCU-tasks grace-period delays works well in
general, but can result in excessive grace-period delays for some
corner-case workloads. This commit therefore reverts to the use of
timers for non-RT kernels to mitigate those grace-period delays.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The synchronous RCU-tasks grace-period-wait primitives invoke
schedule_timeout_idle() to give readers a chance to exit their
read-side critical sections. Unfortunately, this fails during early
boot on PREEMPT_RT because PREEMPT_RT relies solely on ksoftirqd to run
timer handlers. Because ksoftirqd cannot operate until its kthreads
are spawned, there is a brief period of time following scheduler
initialization where PREEMPT_RT cannot run the timer handlers that
schedule_timeout_idle() relies on, resulting in a hang.
To avoid this boot-time hang, this commit replaces schedule_timeout_idle()
with schedule_hrtimeout(), so that the timer expires in hardirq context.
This is ensures that the timer fires even on PREEMPT_RT throughout the
irqs-enabled portions of boot as well as during runtime.
The timer is set to expire between fract and fract + HZ / 2 jiffies in
order to align with any other timers that might expire during that time,
thus reducing the number of wakeups.
Note that RCU-tasks grace periods are infrequent, so the use of hrtimer
should be fine. In contrast, in common-case code, user of hrtimer
could result in performance issues.
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The main Tasks RCU quiescent state is voluntary context switch. However,
userspace execution is also a valid quiescent state, and is a valuable one
for userspace applications that spin repeatedly executing light-weight
non-sleeping system calls. Currently, such an application can delay a
Tasks RCU grace period for many tens of seconds.
This commit therefore enlists the aid of the scheduler-clock interrupt to
provide a Tasks RCU quiescent state when it interrupted a task executing
in userspace.
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from kernel test robot. ]
Cc: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Neil Spring <ntspring@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The waitqueue used by rcu_tasks_kthread() has always only one waiter.
With a guaranteed only one waiter, this can be replaced with rcuwait
which is smaller and simpler. With rcuwait based wake counterpart, the
irqwork function (call_rcu_tasks_iw_wakeup()) can be invoked hardirq
context because it is only a wake up and no sleeping locks are involved
(unlike the wait_queue_head).
As a side effect, this is also one piece of the puzzle to pass the RCU
selftest at early boot on PREEMPT_RT.
Replace wait_queue_head with rcuwait and let the irqwork run in hardirq
context on PREEMPT_RT.
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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RCU-tasks stall-warning messages are printed after the grace period is ten
minutes old. Unfortunately, most of us will have rebooted the system in
response to an apparently-hung command long before the ten minutes is up,
and will thus see what looks to be a silent hang.
This commit therefore adds pr_info() messages that are printed earlier.
These should avoid being classified as errors, but should give impatient
users a hint. These are controlled by new rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_info
and rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_info_mult kernel-boot parameters. The former
defines the initial delay in jiffies (defaulting to 10 seconds) and the
latter defines the multiplier (defaulting to 3). Thus, by default, the
first message will appear 10 seconds into the RCU-tasks grace period,
the second 40 seconds in, and the third 160 seconds in. There would be
a fourth at 640 seconds in, but the stall warning message appears 600
seconds in, and once a stall warning is printed for a given grace period,
no further informational messages are printed.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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While booting secondary CPUs, cpus_read_[lock/unlock] is not keeping
online cpumask stable. The transient online mask results in below
calltrace.
[ 0.324121] CPU1: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000001 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.346652] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU2
[ 0.347212] CPU2: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000002 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.377255] Detected PIPT I-cache on CPU3
[ 0.377823] CPU3: Booted secondary processor 0x0000000003 [0x410fd083]
[ 0.379040] ------------[ cut here ]------------
[ 0.383662] WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 10 at kernel/workqueue.c:3084 __flush_work+0x12c/0x138
[ 0.384850] Modules linked in:
[ 0.385403] CPU: 0 PID: 10 Comm: rcu_tasks_rude_ Not tainted 5.17.0-rc3-v8+ #13
[ 0.386473] Hardware name: Raspberry Pi 4 Model B Rev 1.4 (DT)
[ 0.387289] pstate: 20000005 (nzCv daif -PAN -UAO -TCO -DIT -SSBS BTYPE=--)
[ 0.388308] pc : __flush_work+0x12c/0x138
[ 0.388970] lr : __flush_work+0x80/0x138
[ 0.389620] sp : ffffffc00aaf3c60
[ 0.390139] x29: ffffffc00aaf3d20 x28: ffffffc009c16af0 x27: ffffff80f761df48
[ 0.391316] x26: 0000000000000004 x25: 0000000000000003 x24: 0000000000000100
[ 0.392493] x23: ffffffffffffffff x22: ffffffc009c16b10 x21: ffffffc009c16b28
[ 0.393668] x20: ffffffc009e53861 x19: ffffff80f77fbf40 x18: 00000000d744fcc9
[ 0.394842] x17: 000000000000000b x16: 00000000000001c2 x15: ffffffc009e57550
[ 0.396016] x14: 0000000000000000 x13: ffffffffffffffff x12: 0000000100000000
[ 0.397190] x11: 0000000000000462 x10: ffffff8040258008 x9 : 0000000100000000
[ 0.398364] x8 : 0000000000000000 x7 : ffffffc0093c8bf4 x6 : 0000000000000000
[ 0.399538] x5 : 0000000000000000 x4 : ffffffc00a976e40 x3 : ffffffc00810444c
[ 0.400711] x2 : 0000000000000004 x1 : 0000000000000000 x0 : 0000000000000000
[ 0.401886] Call trace:
[ 0.402309] __flush_work+0x12c/0x138
[ 0.402941] schedule_on_each_cpu+0x228/0x278
[ 0.403693] rcu_tasks_rude_wait_gp+0x130/0x144
[ 0.404502] rcu_tasks_kthread+0x220/0x254
[ 0.405264] kthread+0x174/0x1ac
[ 0.405837] ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20
[ 0.406456] irq event stamp: 102
[ 0.406966] hardirqs last enabled at (101): [<ffffffc0093c8468>] _raw_spin_unlock_irq+0x78/0xb4
[ 0.408304] hardirqs last disabled at (102): [<ffffffc0093b8270>] el1_dbg+0x24/0x5c
[ 0.409410] softirqs last enabled at (54): [<ffffffc0081b80c8>] local_bh_enable+0xc/0x2c
[ 0.410645] softirqs last disabled at (50): [<ffffffc0081b809c>] local_bh_disable+0xc/0x2c
[ 0.411890] ---[ end trace 0000000000000000 ]---
[ 0.413000] smp: Brought up 1 node, 4 CPUs
[ 0.413762] SMP: Total of 4 processors activated.
[ 0.414566] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL0 Support
[ 0.415414] CPU features: detected: 32-bit EL1 Support
[ 0.416278] CPU features: detected: CRC32 instructions
[ 0.447021] Callback from call_rcu_tasks_rude() invoked.
[ 0.506693] Callback from call_rcu_tasks() invoked.
This commit therefore fixes this issue by applying a single-CPU
optimization to the RCU Tasks Rude grace-period process. The key point
here is that the purpose of this RCU flavor is to force a schedule on
each online CPU since some past event. But the rcu_tasks_rude_wait_gp()
function runs in the context of the RCU Tasks Rude's grace-period kthread,
so there must already have been a context switch on the current CPU since
the call to either synchronize_rcu_tasks_rude() or call_rcu_tasks_rude().
So if there is only a single CPU online, RCU Tasks Rude's grace-period
kthread does not need to anything at all.
It turns out that the rcu_tasks_rude_wait_gp() function's call to
schedule_on_each_cpu() causes problems during early boot. During that
time, there is only one online CPU, namely the boot CPU. Therefore,
applying this single-CPU optimization fixes early-boot instances of
this problem.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220210184319.25009-1-treasure4paddy@gmail.com/T/
Suggested-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Padmanabha Srinivasaiah <treasure4paddy@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcu_spawn_gp_kthread() function is called as an early initcall, which
means that SMP initialization hasn't happened yet and only the boot CPU is
online. Therefore, create only the NOCB kthreads related to the boot CPU.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcu_spawn_gp_kthread() function is called as an early initcall,
which means that SMP initialization hasn't happened yet and only the
boot CPU is online. Therefore, create only the boost kthread for the
leaf node of the boot CPU.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcu_init() function is called way before SMP is initialized and
therefore only the boot CPU should be online at this stage.
Simplify the boot per-cpu initialization accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit moves the RCU nocb initialization witness within rcu_state
to consolidate RCU's global state.
Reported-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcu_is_nocb_cpu() function is no longer used, so this commmit
removes it.
Reported-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit instruments the acquisitions of the srcu_struct structure's
->lock, enabling the initiation of a transition from SRCU_SIZE_SMALL
to SRCU_SIZE_BIG when sufficient contention is experienced. The
instrumentation counts the number of trylock failures within the confines
of a single jiffy. If that number exceeds the value specified by the
srcutree.small_contention_lim kernel boot parameter (which defaults to
100), and if the value specified by the srcutree.convert_to_big kernel
boot parameter has the 0x10 bit set (defaults to 0), then a transition
will be automatically initiated.
By default, there will never be any transitions, so that none of the
srcu_struct structures ever gains an srcu_node array.
The useful values for srcutree.convert_to_big are:
0x00: Never convert.
0x01: Always convert at init_srcu_struct() time.
0x02: Convert when rcutorture prints its first round of statistics.
0x03: Decide conversion approach at boot given system size.
0x10: Convert if contention is encountered.
0x12: Convert if contention is encountered or when rcutorture prints
its first round of statistics, whichever comes first.
The value 0x11 acts the same as 0x01 because the conversion happens
before there is any chance of contention.
[ paulmck: Apply "static" feedback from kernel test robot. ]
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Once there are contention-initiated size transitions, it will be
possible for rcutorture to initiate a transition at the same time
as a contention-initiated transition. This commit therefore creates
a concurrency-safe helper function named srcu_transition_to_big() to
safely initiate size transitions.
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit adds a comment explaining why an unprotected call to
list_add() from srcu_funnel_gp_start() can be safe. TL;DR: It is only
called during very early boot when we don't have no steeking concurrency!
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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When an srcu_struct structure is created (but not in a kernel module)
by DEFINE_SRCU() and friends, the per-CPU srcu_data structure is
statically allocated. In all other cases, that structure is obtained
from alloc_percpu(), in which case cleanup_srcu_struct() must invoke
free_percpu() on the resulting ->sda pointer in the srcu_struct pointer.
Which it does.
Except that it also invokes free_percpu() on the ->sda pointer
referencing the statically allocated per-CPU srcu_data structures.
Which free_percpu() is surprisingly OK with.
This commit nevertheless stops cleanup_srcu_struct() from freeing
statically allocated per-CPU srcu_data structures.
Co-developed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Linus Torvalds
Paul E. McKenney
Kalesh Singh
Uladzislau Rezki
Lukas Bulwahn
John Ogness
Zqiang
David Vernet
Frederic Weisbecker
Eric Dumazet
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
Padmanabha Srinivasaiah