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percpu_ref is currently based on ints and the number of refs it can
cover is (1 << 31). This makes it impossible to use a percpu_ref to
count memory objects or pages on 64bit machines as it may overflow.
This forces those users to somehow aggregate the references before
contributing to the percpu_ref which is often cumbersome and sometimes
challenging to get the same level of performance as using the
percpu_ref directly.
While using ints for the percpu counters makes them pack tighter on
64bit machines, the possible gain from using ints instead of longs is
extremely small compared to the overall gain from per-cpu operation.
This patch makes percpu_ref based on longs so that it can be used to
directly count memory objects or pages.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
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percpu_ref's WARN messages can be a lot more helpful by indicating
who's the culprit. Make them report the release function that the
offending percpu-refcount is associated with. This should make it a
lot easier to track down the reported invalid refcnting operations.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
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Percpu allocator now supports allocation mask. Add @gfp to
percpu_ref_init() so that !GFP_KERNEL allocation masks can be used
with percpu_refs too.
This patch doesn't make any functional difference.
v2: blk-mq conversion was missing. Updated.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
Cc: Nicholas A. Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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Now that explicit invocation of percpu_ref_exit() is necessary to free
the percpu counter, we can implement percpu_ref_reinit() which
reinitializes a released percpu_ref. This can be used implement
scalable gating switch which can be drained and then re-opened without
worrying about memory allocation failures.
percpu_ref_is_zero() is added to be used in a sanity check in
percpu_ref_exit(). As this function will be useful for other purposes
too, make it a public interface.
v2: Use smp_read_barrier_depends() instead of smp_load_acquire(). We
only need data dep barrier and smp_load_acquire() is stronger and
heavier on some archs. Spotted by Lai Jiangshan.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@cn.fujitsu.com>
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Currently, a percpu_ref undoes percpu_ref_init() automatically by
freeing the allocated percpu area when the percpu_ref is killed.
While seemingly convenient, this has the following niggles.
* It's impossible to re-init a released reference counter without
going through re-allocation.
* In the similar vein, it's impossible to initialize a percpu_ref
count with static percpu variables.
* We need and have an explicit destructor anyway for failure paths -
percpu_ref_cancel_init().
This patch removes the automatic percpu counter freeing in
percpu_ref_kill_rcu() and repurposes percpu_ref_cancel_init() into a
generic destructor now named percpu_ref_exit(). percpu_ref_destroy()
is considered but it gets confusing with percpu_ref_kill() while
"exit" clearly indicates that it's the counterpart of
percpu_ref_init().
All percpu_ref_cancel_init() users are updated to invoke
percpu_ref_exit() instead and explicit percpu_ref_exit() calls are
added to the destruction path of all percpu_ref users.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Nicholas A. Bellinger <nab@linux-iscsi.org>
Cc: Li Zefan <lizefan@huawei.com>
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percpu_ref->pcpu_count is a percpu pointer with a status flag in its
lowest bit. As such, it always goes through arithmetic operations
which is very cumbersome to do on a pointer. It has to be first
casted to unsigned long and then back.
Let's just make the field unsigned long so that we can skip the first
casts. While at it, rename it to pcpu_counter_ptr to clarify that
it's a pointer value.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
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* All four percpu_ref_*() operations implemented in the header file
perform the same operation to determine whether the percpu_ref is
alive and extract the percpu pointer. Factor out the common logic
into __pcpu_ref_alive(). This doesn't change the generated code.
* There are a couple places in percpu-refcount.c which masks out
PCPU_REF_DEAD to obtain the percpu pointer. Factor it out into
pcpu_count_ptr().
* The above changes make the WARN_ON_ONCE() conditional at the top of
percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm() the only user of REF_STATUS(). Test
PCPU_REF_DEAD directly and remove REF_STATUS().
This patch doesn't introduce any functional change.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
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percpu-refcount currently reserves two lowest bits of its percpu
pointer to indicate its state; however, only one bit is used for
PCPU_REF_DEAD.
Simplify it by removing PCPU_STATUS_BITS/MASK and testing
PCPU_REF_DEAD directly. This also allows the compiler to choose a
more efficient instruction depending on the architecture.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
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AIO had a missing get, which led to an ioctx leak - after percpu_ref_kill() the
ref was 0 so percpu_ref_put() never saw it hit 0.
This wasn't noticed at the time because it all happened completely silently,
this adds a WARN() which would've caught the aio bug.
tj: Used WARN_ONCE() instead of WARN().
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kmo@daterainc.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Export the interface to be used within modules.
Signed-off-by: Matias Bjorling <m@bjorling.me>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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percpu-refcount was incorrectly using preempt_disable/enable() for RCU
critical sections against call_rcu(). 6a24474da8 ("percpu-refcount:
consistently use plain (non-sched) RCU") fixed it by converting the
preepmtion operations with rcu_read_[un]lock() citing that there isn't
any advantage in using sched-RCU over using the usual one; however,
rcu_read_[un]lock() for the preemptible RCU implementation -
CONFIG_TREE_PREEMPT_RCU, chosen when CONFIG_PREEMPT - are slightly
more expensive than preempt_disable/enable().
In a contrived microbench which repeats the followings,
- percpu_ref_get()
- copy 32 bytes of data into percpu buffer
- percpu_put_get()
- copy 32 bytes of data into percpu buffer
rcu_read_[un]lock() used in percpu_ref_get/put() makes it go slower by
about 15% when compared to using sched-RCU.
As the RCU critical sections are extremely short, using sched-RCU
shouldn't have any latency implications. Convert to RCU-sched.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Acked-by: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
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Implement percpu_tryget() which stops giving out references once the
percpu_ref is visible as killed. Because the refcnt is per-cpu,
different CPUs will start to see a refcnt as killed at different
points in time and tryget() may continue to succeed on subset of cpus
for a while after percpu_ref_kill() returns.
For use cases where it's necessary to know when all CPUs start to see
the refcnt as dead, percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm() is added. The new
function takes an extra argument @confirm_kill which is invoked when
the refcnt is guaranteed to be viewed as killed on all CPUs.
While this isn't the prettiest interface, it doesn't force synchronous
wait and is much safer than requiring the caller to do its own
call_rcu().
v2: Patch description rephrased to emphasize that tryget() may
continue to succeed on some CPUs after kill() returns as suggested
by Kent.
v3: Function comment in percpu_ref_kill_and_confirm() updated warning
people to not depend on the implied RCU grace period from the
confirm callback as it's an implementation detail.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Slightly-Grumpily-Acked-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
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Normally, percpu_ref_init() initializes and percpu_ref_kill()
initiates destruction which completes asynchronously. The
asynchronous destruction can be problematic in init failure path where
the caller wants to destroy half-constructed object - distinguishing
half-constructed objects from the usual release method can be painful
for complex objects.
This patch implements percpu_ref_cancel_init() which synchronously
destroys the percpu_ref without invoking release. To avoid
unintentional misuses, the function requires the ref to have finished
percpu_ref_init() but never used and triggers WARN otherwise.
v2: Explain the weird name and usage restriction in the function
comment.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
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Two small changes.
* Unlike most init functions, percpu_ref_init() allocates memory and
may fail. Let's mark it with __must_check in case the caller
forgets.
* percpu_ref_kill_rcu() is unnecessarily using ACCESS_ONCE() to
dereference @ref->pcpu_count, which can be misleading. The pointer
is guaranteed to be valid and visible and can't change underneath
the function. Drop ACCESS_ONCE().
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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* s/percpu_ref_release/percpu_ref_func_t/ as it's customary to have _t
postfix for types and the type is gonna be used for a different type
of callback too.
* Add @ARG to function comments.
* Drop unnecessary and unaligned indentation from percpu_ref_init()
function comment.
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
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The cmpxchg() was just to ensure the debug check didn't race, which was
a bit excessive. The caller is supposed to do the appropriate
synchronization, which means percpu_ref_kill() can just do a simple
store.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This implements a refcount with similar semantics to
atomic_get()/atomic_dec_and_test() - but percpu.
It also implements two stage shutdown, as we need it to tear down the
percpu counts. Before dropping the initial refcount, you must call
percpu_ref_kill(); this puts the refcount in "shutting down mode" and
switches back to a single atomic refcount with the appropriate
barriers (synchronize_rcu()).
It's also legal to call percpu_ref_kill() multiple times - it only
returns true once, so callers don't have to reimplement shutdown
synchronization.
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix build]
[akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style tweak]
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <koverstreet@google.com>
Cc: Zach Brown <zab@redhat.com>
Cc: Felipe Balbi <balbi@ti.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Mark Fasheh <mfasheh@suse.com>
Cc: Joel Becker <jlbec@evilplan.org>
Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Asai Thambi S P <asamymuthupa@micron.com>
Cc: Selvan Mani <smani@micron.com>
Cc: Sam Bradshaw <sbradshaw@micron.com>
Cc: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Benjamin LaHaise <bcrl@kvack.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Christoph Lameter <cl@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: "Theodore Ts'o" <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Tejun Heo
Kent Overstreet
Matias Bjorling
Kent Overstreet