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The current code was a mix of "nbytes", "count", "size", "buffer", "in",
and so forth. Instead, let's clean this up by naming input parameters
"buf" (or "ubuf") and "len", so that you always understand that you're
reading this variety of function argument.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Before these were returning signed values, but the API is intended to be
used with unsigned values.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Accoriding to the kernel style guide, having `extern` on functions in
headers is old school and deprecated, and doesn't add anything. So remove
them from random.h, and tidy up the file a little bit too.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Since crng_ready() is only false briefly during initialization and then
forever after becomes true, we don't need to evaluate it after, making
it a prime candidate for a static branch.
One complication, however, is that it changes state in a particular call
to credit_init_bits(), which might be made from atomic context, which
means we must kick off a workqueue to change the static key. Further
complicating things, credit_init_bits() may be called sufficiently early
on in system initialization such that system_wq is NULL.
Fortunately, there exists the nice function execute_in_process_context(),
which will immediately execute the function if !in_interrupt(), and
otherwise defer it to a workqueue. During early init, before workqueues
are available, in_interrupt() is always false, because interrupts
haven't even been enabled yet, which means the function in that case
executes immediately. Later on, after workqueues are available,
in_interrupt() might be true, but in that case, the work is queued in
system_wq and all goes well.
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Sultan Alsawaf <sultan@kerneltoast.com>
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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RDRAND and RDSEED can fail sometimes, which is fine. We currently
initialize the RNG with 512 bits of RDRAND/RDSEED. We only need 256 bits
of those to succeed in order to initialize the RNG. Instead of the
current "all or nothing" approach, actually credit these contributions
the amount that is actually contributed.
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Currently, start_kernel() adds latent entropy and the command line to
the entropy bool *after* the RNG has been initialized, deferring when
it's actually used by things like stack canaries until the next time
the pool is seeded. This surely is not intended.
Rather than splitting up which entropy gets added where and when between
start_kernel() and random_init(), just do everything in random_init(),
which should eliminate these kinds of bugs in the future.
While we're at it, rename the awkwardly titled "rand_initialize()" to
the more standard "random_init()" nomenclature.
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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This expands to exactly the same code that it replaces, but makes things
consistent by using the same macro for jiffy comparisons throughout.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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The CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM debug option controls whether the
kernel warns about all unseeded randomness or just the first instance.
There's some complicated rate limiting and comparison to the previous
caller, such that even with CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM enabled,
developers still don't see all the messages or even an accurate count of
how many were missed. This is the result of basically parallel
mechanisms aimed at accomplishing more or less the same thing, added at
different points in random.c history, which sort of compete with the
first-instance-only limiting we have now.
It turns out, however, that nobody cares about the first unseeded
randomness instance of in-kernel users. The same first user has been
there for ages now, and nobody is doing anything about it. It isn't even
clear that anybody _can_ do anything about it. Most places that can do
something about it have switched over to using get_random_bytes_wait()
or wait_for_random_bytes(), which is the right thing to do, but there is
still much code that needs randomness sometimes during init, and as a
geeneral rule, if you're not using one of the _wait functions or the
readiness notifier callback, you're bound to be doing it wrong just
based on that fact alone.
So warning about this same first user that can't easily change is simply
not an effective mechanism for anything at all. Users can't do anything
about it, as the Kconfig text points out -- the problem isn't in
userspace code -- and kernel developers don't or more often can't react
to it.
Instead, show the warning for all instances when CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM
is set, so that developers can debug things need be, or if it isn't set,
don't show a warning at all.
At the same time, CONFIG_WARN_ALL_UNSEEDED_RANDOM now implies setting
random.ratelimit_disable=1 on by default, since if you care about one
you probably care about the other too. And we can clean up usage around
the related urandom_warning ratelimiter as well (whose behavior isn't
changing), so that it properly counts missed messages after the 10
message threshold is reached.
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Initialization happens once -- by way of credit_init_bits() -- and then
it never happens again. Therefore, it doesn't need to be in
crng_reseed(), which is a hot path that is called multiple times. It
also doesn't make sense to have there, as initialization activity is
better associated with initialization routines.
After the prior commit, crng_reseed() now won't be called by multiple
concurrent callers, which means that we can safely move the
"finialize_init" logic into crng_init_bits() unconditionally.
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Since all changes of crng_init now go through credit_init_bits(), we can
fix a long standing race in which two concurrent callers of
credit_init_bits() have the new bit count >= some threshold, but are
doing so with crng_init as a lower threshold, checked outside of a lock,
resulting in crng_reseed() or similar being called twice.
In order to fix this, we can use the original cmpxchg value of the bit
count, and only change crng_init when the bit count transitions from
below a threshold to meeting the threshold.
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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crng_init represents a state machine, with three states, and various
rules for transitions. For the longest time, we've been managing these
with "0", "1", and "2", and expecting people to figure it out. To make
the code more obvious, replace these with proper enum values
representing the transition, and then redocument what each of these
states mean.
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Cc: Joe Perches <joe@perches.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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random32.c has two random number generators in it: one that is meant to
be used deterministically, with some predefined seed, and one that does
the same exact thing as random.c, except does it poorly. The first one
has some use cases. The second one no longer does and can be replaced
with calls to random.c's proper random number generator.
The relatively recent siphash-based bad random32.c code was added in
response to concerns that the prior random32.c was too deterministic.
Out of fears that random.c was (at the time) too slow, this code was
anonymously contributed. Then out of that emerged a kind of shadow
entropy gathering system, with its own tentacles throughout various net
code, added willy nilly.
Stop👏making👏bespoke👏random👏number👏generators👏.
Fortunately, recent advances in random.c mean that we can stop playing
with this sketchiness, and just use get_random_u32(), which is now fast
enough. In micro benchmarks using RDPMC, I'm seeing the same median
cycle count between the two functions, with the mean being _slightly_
higher due to batches refilling (which we can optimize further need be).
However, when doing *real* benchmarks of the net functions that actually
use these random numbers, the mean cycles actually *decreased* slightly
(with the median still staying the same), likely because the additional
prandom code means icache misses and complexity, whereas random.c is
generally already being used by something else nearby.
The biggest benefit of this is that there are many users of prandom who
probably should be using cryptographically secure random numbers. This
makes all of those accidental cases become secure by just flipping a
switch. Later on, we can do a tree-wide cleanup to remove the static
inline wrapper functions that this commit adds.
There are also some low-ish hanging fruits for making this even faster
in the future: a get_random_u16() function for use in the networking
stack will give a 2x performance boost there, using SIMD for ChaCha20
will let us compute 4 or 8 or 16 blocks of output in parallel, instead
of just one, giving us large buffers for cheap, and introducing a
get_random_*_bh() function that assumes irqs are already disabled will
shave off a few cycles for ordinary calls. These are things we can chip
away at down the road.
Acked-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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The SipHash family of permutations is currently used in three places:
- siphash.c itself, used in the ordinary way it was intended.
- random32.c, in a construction from an anonymous contributor.
- random.c, as part of its fast_mix function.
Each one of these places reinvents the wheel with the same C code, same
rotation constants, and same symmetry-breaking constants.
This commit tidies things up a bit by placing macros for the
permutations and constants into siphash.h, where each of the three .c
users can access them. It also leaves a note dissuading more users of
them from emerging.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Now that fast_mix() has more than one caller, gcc no longer inlines it.
That's fine. But it also doesn't handle the compound literal argument we
pass it very efficiently, nor does it handle the loop as well as it
could. So just expand the code to spell out this function so that it
generates the same code as it did before. Performance-wise, this now
behaves as it did before the last commit. The difference in actual code
size on x86 is 45 bytes, which is less than a cache line.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Years ago, a separate fast pool was added for interrupts, so that the
cost associated with taking the input pool spinlocks and mixing into it
would be avoided in places where latency is critical. However, one
oversight was that add_input_randomness() and add_disk_randomness()
still sometimes are called directly from the interrupt handler, rather
than being deferred to a thread. This means that some unlucky interrupts
will be caught doing a blake2s_compress() call and potentially spinning
on input_pool.lock, which can also be taken by unprivileged users by
writing into /dev/urandom.
In order to fix this, add_timer_randomness() now checks whether it is
being called from a hard IRQ and if so, just mixes into the per-cpu IRQ
fast pool using fast_mix(), which is much faster and can be done
lock-free. A nice consequence of this, as well, is that it means hard
IRQ context FPU support is likely no longer useful.
The entropy estimation algorithm used by add_timer_randomness() is also
somewhat different than the one used for add_interrupt_randomness(). The
former looks at deltas of deltas of deltas, while the latter just waits
for 64 interrupts for one bit or for one second since the last bit. In
order to bridge these, and since add_interrupt_randomness() runs after
an add_timer_randomness() that's called from hard IRQ, we add to the
fast pool credit the related amount, and then subtract one to account
for add_interrupt_randomness()'s contribution.
A downside of this, however, is that the num argument is potentially
attacker controlled, which puts a bit more pressure on the fast_mix()
sponge to do more than it's really intended to do. As a mitigating
factor, the first 96 bits of input aren't attacker controlled (a cycle
counter followed by zeros), which means it's essentially two rounds of
siphash rather than one, which is somewhat better. It's also not that
much different from add_interrupt_randomness()'s use of the irq stack
instruction pointer register.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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There are no code changes here; this is just a reordering of functions,
so that in subsequent commits, the timer entropy functions can call into
the interrupt ones.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Per the thread linked below, "premature next" is not considered to be a
realistic threat model, and leads to more serious security problems.
"Premature next" is the scenario in which:
- Attacker compromises the current state of a fully initialized RNG via
some kind of infoleak.
- New bits of entropy are added directly to the key used to generate the
/dev/urandom stream, without any buffering or pooling.
- Attacker then, somehow having read access to /dev/urandom, samples RNG
output and brute forces the individual new bits that were added.
- Result: the RNG never "recovers" from the initial compromise, a
so-called violation of what academics term "post-compromise security".
The usual solutions to this involve some form of delaying when entropy
gets mixed into the crng. With Fortuna, this involves multiple input
buckets. With what the Linux RNG was trying to do prior, this involves
entropy estimation.
However, by delaying when entropy gets mixed in, it also means that RNG
compromises are extremely dangerous during the window of time before
the RNG has gathered enough entropy, during which time nonces may become
predictable (or repeated), ephemeral keys may not be secret, and so
forth. Moreover, it's unclear how realistic "premature next" is from an
attack perspective, if these attacks even make sense in practice.
Put together -- and discussed in more detail in the thread below --
these constitute grounds for just doing away with the current code that
pretends to handle premature next. I say "pretends" because it wasn't
doing an especially great job at it either; should we change our mind
about this direction, we would probably implement Fortuna to "fix" the
"problem", in which case, removing the pretend solution still makes
sense.
This also reduces the crng reseed period from 5 minutes down to 1
minute. The rationale from the thread might lead us toward reducing that
even further in the future (or even eliminating it), but that remains a
topic of a future commit.
At a high level, this patch changes semantics from:
Before: Seed for the first time after 256 "bits" of estimated
entropy have been accumulated since the system booted. Thereafter,
reseed once every five minutes, but only if 256 new "bits" have been
accumulated since the last reseeding.
After: Seed for the first time after 256 "bits" of estimated entropy
have been accumulated since the system booted. Thereafter, reseed
once every minute.
Most of this patch is renaming and removing: POOL_MIN_BITS becomes
POOL_INIT_BITS, credit_entropy_bits() becomes credit_init_bits(),
crng_reseed() loses its "force" parameter since it's now always true,
the drain_entropy() function no longer has any use so it's removed,
entropy estimation is skipped if we've already init'd, the various
notifiers for "low on entropy" are now only active prior to init, and
finally, some documentation comments are cleaned up here and there.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/YmlMGx6+uigkGiZ0@zx2c4.com/
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Nadia Heninger <nadiah@cs.ucsd.edu>
Cc: Tom Ristenpart <ristenpart@cornell.edu>
Reviewed-by: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Before, the first 64 bytes of input, regardless of how entropic it was,
would be used to mutate the crng base key directly, and none of those
bytes would be credited as having entropy. Then 256 bits of credited
input would be accumulated, and only then would the rng transition from
the earlier "fast init" phase into being actually initialized.
The thinking was that by mixing and matching fast init and real init, an
attacker who compromised the fast init state, considered easy to do
given how little entropy might be in those first 64 bytes, would then be
able to bruteforce bits from the actual initialization. By keeping these
separate, bruteforcing became impossible.
However, by not crediting potentially creditable bits from those first 64
bytes of input, we delay initialization, and actually make the problem
worse, because it means the user is drawing worse random numbers for a
longer period of time.
Instead, we can take the first 128 bits as fast init, and allow them to
be credited, and then hold off on the next 128 bits until they've
accumulated. This is still a wide enough margin to prevent bruteforcing
the rng state, while still initializing much faster.
Then, rather than trying to piecemeal inject into the base crng key at
various points, instead just extract from the pool when we need it, for
the crng_init==0 phase. Performance may even be better for the various
inputs here, since there are likely more calls to mix_pool_bytes() then
there are to get_random_bytes() during this phase of system execution.
Since the preinit injection code is gone, bootloader randomness can then
do something significantly more straight forward, removing the weird
system_wq hack in hwgenerator randomness.
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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It's too hard to keep the batches synchronized, and pointless anyway,
since in !crng_ready(), we're updating the base_crng key really often,
where batching only hurts. So instead, if the crng isn't ready, just
call into get_random_bytes(). At this stage nothing is performance
critical anyhow.
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Dominik Brodowski <linux@dominikbrodowski.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Since the RNG loses freshness with system suspend/hibernation, when we
resume, immediately reseed using whatever data we can, which for this
particular case is the various timestamps regarding system suspend time,
in addition to more generally the RDSEED/RDRAND/RDTSC values that happen
whenever the crng reseeds.
On systems that suspend and resume automatically all the time -- such as
Android -- we skip the reseeding on suspend resumption, since that could
wind up being far too busy. This is the same trade-off made in
WireGuard.
In addition to reseeding upon resumption always mix into the pool these
various stamps on every power notification event.
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Currently, we do the jitter dance if two consecutive reads to the cycle
counter return different values. If they do, then we consider the cycle
counter to be fast enough that one trip through the scheduler will yield
one "bit" of credited entropy. If those two reads return the same value,
then we assume the cycle counter is too slow to show meaningful
differences.
This methodology is flawed for a variety of reasons, one of which Eric
posted a patch to fix in [1]. The issue that patch solves is that on a
system with a slow counter, you might be [un]lucky and read the counter
_just_ before it changes, so that the second cycle counter you read
differs from the first, even though there's usually quite a large period
of time in between the two. For example:
| real time | cycle counter |
| --------- | ------------- |
| 3 | 5 |
| 4 | 5 |
| 5 | 5 |
| 6 | 5 |
| 7 | 5 | <--- a
| 8 | 6 | <--- b
| 9 | 6 | <--- c
If we read the counter at (a) and compare it to (b), we might be fooled
into thinking that it's a fast counter, when in reality it is not. The
solution in [1] is to also compare counter (b) to counter (c), on the
theory that if the counter is _actually_ slow, and (a)!=(b), then
certainly (b)==(c).
This helps solve this particular issue, in one sense, but in another
sense, it mostly functions to disallow jitter entropy on these systems,
rather than simply taking more samples in that case.
Instead, this patch takes a different approach. Right now we assume that
a difference in one set of consecutive samples means one "bit" of
credited entropy per scheduler trip. We can extend this so that a
difference in two sets of consecutive samples means one "bit" of
credited entropy per /two/ scheduler trips, and three for three, and
four for four. In other words, we can increase the amount of jitter
"work" we require for each "bit", depending on how slow the cycle
counter is.
So this patch takes whole bunch of samples, sees how many of them are
different, and divides to find the amount of work required per "bit",
and also requires that at least some minimum of them are different in
order to attempt any jitter entropy.
Note that this approach is still far from perfect. It's not a real
statistical estimate on how much these samples vary; it's not a
real-time analysis of the relevant input data. That remains a project
for another time. However, it makes the same (partly flawed) assumptions
as the code that's there now, so it's probably not worse than the status
quo, and it handles the issue Eric mentioned in [1]. But, again, it's
probably a far cry from whatever a really robust version of this would
be.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220421233152.58522-1-ebiggers@kernel.org/
https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20220421192939.250680-1-ebiggers@kernel.org/
Cc: Eric Biggers <ebiggers@google.com>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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All platforms are now guaranteed to provide some value for
random_get_entropy(). In case some bug leads to this not being so, we
print a warning, because that indicates that something is really very
wrong (and likely other things are impacted too). This should never be
hit, but it's a good and cheap way of finding out if something ever is
problematic.
Since we now have viable fallback code for random_get_entropy() on all
platforms, which is, in the worst case, not worse than jiffies, we can
count on getting the best possible value out of it. That means there's
no longer a use for using jiffies as entropy input. It also means we no
longer have a reason for doing the round-robin register flow in the IRQ
handler, which was always of fairly dubious value.
Instead we can greatly simplify the IRQ handler inputs and also unify
the construction between 64-bits and 32-bits. We now collect the cycle
counter and the return address, since those are the two things that
matter. Because the return address and the irq number are likely
related, to the extent we mix in the irq number, we can just xor it into
the top unchanging bytes of the return address, rather than the bottom
changing bytes of the cycle counter as before. Then, we can do a fixed 2
rounds of SipHash/HSipHash. Finally, we use the same construction of
hashing only half of the [H]SipHash state on 32-bit and 64-bit. We're
not actually discarding any entropy, since that entropy is carried
through until the next time. And more importantly, it lets us do the
same sponge-like construction everywhere.
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
This is accomplished by just including the asm-generic code like on
other architectures, which means we can get rid of the empty stub
function here.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Max Filippov <jcmvbkbc@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
This is accomplished by just including the asm-generic code like on
other architectures, which means we can get rid of the empty stub
function here.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
This is accomplished by just including the asm-generic code like on
other architectures, which means we can get rid of the empty stub
function here.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Richard Weinberger <richard@nod.at>
Cc: Anton Ivanov <anton.ivanov@cambridgegreys.com>
Acked-by: Johannes Berg <johannes@sipsolutions.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is suboptimal. Instead, fallback
to calling random_get_entropy_fallback(), which isn't extremely high
precision or guaranteed to be entropic, but is certainly better than
returning zero all the time.
If CONFIG_X86_TSC=n, then it's possible for the kernel to run on systems
without RDTSC, such as 486 and certain 586, so the fallback code is only
required for that case.
As well, fix up both the new function and the get_cycles() function from
which it was derived to use cpu_feature_enabled() rather than
boot_cpu_has(), and use !IS_ENABLED() instead of #ifndef.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Cc: x86@kernel.org
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Dinh Nguyen <dinguyen@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Reviewed-by: Russell King (Oracle) <rmk+kernel@armlinux.org.uk>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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For situations in which we don't have a c0 counter register available,
we've been falling back to reading the c0 "random" register, which is
usually bounded by the amount of TLB entries and changes every other
cycle or so. This means it wraps extremely often. We can do better by
combining this fast-changing counter with a potentially slower-changing
counter from random_get_entropy_fallback() in the more significant bits.
This commit combines the two, taking into account that the changing bits
are in a different bit position depending on the CPU model. In addition,
we previously were falling back to 0 for ancient CPUs that Linux does
not support anyway; remove that dead path entirely.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Tested-by: Maciej W. Rozycki <macro@orcam.me.uk>
Acked-by: Thomas Bogendoerfer <tsbogend@alpha.franken.de>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Paul Walmsley <paul.walmsley@sifive.com>
Acked-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Reviewed-by: Palmer Dabbelt <palmer@rivosinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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In the event that random_get_entropy() can't access a cycle counter or
similar, falling back to returning 0 is really not the best we can do.
Instead, at least calling random_get_entropy_fallback() would be
preferable, because that always needs to return _something_, even
falling back to jiffies eventually. It's not as though
random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision or guaranteed to
be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all the time is
better than returning zero all the time.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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The addition of random_get_entropy_fallback() provides access to
whichever time source has the highest frequency, which is useful for
gathering entropy on platforms without available cycle counters. It's
not necessarily as good as being able to quickly access a cycle counter
that the CPU has, but it's still something, even when it falls back to
being jiffies-based.
In the event that a given arch does not define get_cycles(), falling
back to the get_cycles() default implementation that returns 0 is really
not the best we can do. Instead, at least calling
random_get_entropy_fallback() would be preferable, because that always
needs to return _something_, even falling back to jiffies eventually.
It's not as though random_get_entropy_fallback() is super high precision
or guaranteed to be entropic, but basically anything that's not zero all
the time is better than returning zero all the time.
Finally, since random_get_entropy_fallback() is used during extremely
early boot when randomizing freelists in mm_init(), it can be called
before timekeeping has been initialized. In that case there really is
nothing we can do; jiffies hasn't even started ticking yet. So just give
up and return 0.
Suggested-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Theodore Ts'o <tytso@mit.edu>
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In order to measure the boot process, the timer should be switched on as
early in boot as possible. As well, the commit defines the get_cycles
macro, like the previous patches in this series, so that generic code is
aware that it's implemented by the platform, as is done on other archs.
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Jonas Bonn <jonas@southpole.se>
Cc: Stefan Kristiansson <stefan.kristiansson@saunalahti.fi>
Acked-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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PowerPC defines a get_cycles() function, but it does not do the usual
`#define get_cycles get_cycles` dance, making it impossible for generic
code to see if an arch-specific function was defined. While the
get_cycles() ifdef is not currently used, the following timekeeping
patch in this series will depend on the macro existing (or not existing)
when defining random_get_entropy().
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@ozlabs.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Acked-by: Michael Ellerman <mpe@ellerman.id.au>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Alpha defines a get_cycles() function, but it does not do the usual
`#define get_cycles get_cycles` dance, making it impossible for generic
code to see if an arch-specific function was defined. While the
get_cycles() ifdef is not currently used, the following timekeeping
patch in this series will depend on the macro existing (or not existing)
when defining random_get_entropy().
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net>
Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru>
Acked-by: Matt Turner <mattst88@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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PA-RISC defines a get_cycles() function, but it does not do the usual
`#define get_cycles get_cycles` dance, making it impossible for generic
code to see if an arch-specific function was defined. While the
get_cycles() ifdef is not currently used, the following timekeeping
patch in this series will depend on the macro existing (or not existing)
when defining random_get_entropy().
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Acked-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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S390x defines a get_cycles() function, but it does not do the usual
`#define get_cycles get_cycles` dance, making it impossible for generic
code to see if an arch-specific function was defined. While the
get_cycles() ifdef is not currently used, the following timekeeping
patch in this series will depend on the macro existing (or not existing)
when defining random_get_entropy().
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Cc: Vasily Gorbik <gor@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Alexander Gordeev <agordeev@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Christian Borntraeger <borntraeger@linux.ibm.com>
Cc: Sven Schnelle <svens@linux.ibm.com>
Acked-by: Heiko Carstens <hca@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Itanium defines a get_cycles() function, but it does not do the usual
`#define get_cycles get_cycles` dance, making it impossible for generic
code to see if an arch-specific function was defined. While the
get_cycles() ifdef is not currently used, the following timekeeping
patch in this series will depend on the macro existing (or not existing)
when defining random_get_entropy().
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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Currently time_init() is called after rand_initialize(), but
rand_initialize() makes use of the timer on various platforms, and
sometimes this timer needs to be initialized by time_init() first. In
order for random_get_entropy() to not return zero during early boot when
it's potentially used as an entropy source, reverse the order of these
two calls. The block doing random initialization was right before
time_init() before, so changing the order shouldn't have any complicated
effects.
Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Stafford Horne <shorne@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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A semicolon was missing, and the almost-alphabetical-but-not ordering
was confusing, so regroup these by category instead.
Signed-off-by: Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>
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This reverts commit a58e9d0984e8dad53f17ec73ae3c1cc7f8d88151.
Triggers segfaults with 32-bit kernels on PA8500 machines.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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The cr16 interval timers are not synchronized across CPUs, even with just
one dual-core CPU. This becomes visible if the machines have a longer
uptime.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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Various spelling mistakes in comments.
Detected with the help of Coccinelle.
Signed-off-by: Julia Lawall <Julia.Lawall@inria.fr>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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Dave noticed that for the 32-bit kernel MAX_ADDRESS should be a ULL,
otherwise this define would become 0:
MAX_ADDRESS (1UL << MAX_ADDRBITS)
It has no real effect on the kernel.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Noticed-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
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The Linux tool "lscpu" shows the double amount of CPUs if we have
"model" and "model name" in two different lines in /proc/cpuinfo.
This change combines the model and the model name into one line.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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In commit 62773112acc5 ("parisc: Switch from GENERIC_CPU_DEVICES to
GENERIC_ARCH_TOPOLOGY") GENERIC_CPU_DEVICES was unconditionally turned
off, but this triggers a warning in topology_add_dev(). Turning it back
on for the !SMP case avoids this warning.
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Fixes: 62773112acc5 ("parisc: Switch from GENERIC_CPU_DEVICES to GENERIC_ARCH_TOPOLOGY")
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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Enable CONFIG_CGROUPS=y on 32-bit defconfig for systemd-support, and
enable CONFIG_NAMESPACES and CONFIG_USER_NS.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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The inventory knows which CPUs are in the system, so this bitmask should
be in cpu_possible_mask instead of the bitmask based on CONFIG_NR_CPUS.
Reset the cpu_possible_mask before scanning the system for CPUs, and
mark each existing CPU as possible during initialization of that CPU.
This avoids those warnings later on too:
register_cpu_capacity_sysctl: too early to get CPU4 device!
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
Noticed-by: John David Anglin <dave.anglin@bell.net>
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This reverts commit a9fe7fa7d874a536e0540469f314772c054a0323.
Leads to segfaults on 32bit kernel.
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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Jason A. Donenfeld
Linus Torvalds
Helge Deller
Julia Lawall