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After the recent fix of runtime PM for USB-audio driver, we got a
lockdep warning like:
=============================================
[ INFO: possible recursive locking detected ]
4.2.0-rc8+ #61 Not tainted
---------------------------------------------
pulseaudio/980 is trying to acquire lock:
(&chip->shutdown_rwsem){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffffa0355dac>] snd_usb_autoresume+0x1d/0x52 [snd_usb_audio]
but task is already holding lock:
(&chip->shutdown_rwsem){.+.+.+}, at: [<ffffffffa0355dac>] snd_usb_autoresume+0x1d/0x52 [snd_usb_audio]
This comes from snd_usb_autoresume() invoking down_read() and it's
used in a nested way. Although it's basically safe, per se (as these
are read locks), it's better to reduce such spurious warnings.
The read lock is needed to guarantee the execution of "shutdown"
(cleanup at disconnection) task after all concurrent tasks are
finished. This can be implemented in another better way.
Also, the current check of chip->in_pm isn't good enough for
protecting the racy execution of multiple auto-resumes.
This patch rewrites the logic of snd_usb_autoresume() & co; namely,
- The recursive call of autopm is avoided by the new refcount,
chip->active. The chip->in_pm flag is removed accordingly.
- Instead of rwsem, another refcount, chip->usage_count, is introduced
for tracking the period to delay the shutdown procedure. At
the last clear of this refcount, wake_up() to the shutdown waiter is
called.
- The shutdown flag is replaced with shutdown atomic count; this is
for reducing the lock.
- Two new helpers are introduced to simplify the management of these
refcounts; snd_usb_lock_shutdown() increases the usage_count, checks
the shutdown state, and does autoresume. snd_usb_unlock_shutdown()
does the opposite. Most of mixer and other codes just need this,
and simply returns an error if it receives an error from lock.
Fixes: 9003ebb13f61 ('ALSA: usb-audio: Fix runtime PM unbalance')
Reported-and-tested-by: Alexnader Kuleshov <kuleshovmail@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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The recent addition of the USB audio mixer suspend/resume may lead to
deadlocks when the driver tries to call usb_autopm_get_interface()
recursively, since the function tries to sync with the finish of the
other calls. For avoiding it, introduce a flag indicating the resume
operation and avoids the recursive usb_autopm_get_interface() calls
during the resume.
Reported-and-tested-by: Bryan Quigley <gquigs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Convert with dev_err() and co from snd_printk(), etc.
As there are too deep indirections (e.g. ep->chip->dev->dev),
a few new local macros, usb_audio_err() & co, are introduced.
Also, the device numbers in some messages are dropped, as they are
shown in the prefix automatically.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This patch changes the way URBs are allocated and their sizes are
determined for PCM playback in the snd-usb-audio driver. Currently
the driver allocates too few URBs for endpoints that don't use
implicit sync, making underruns more likely to occur. This may be a
holdover from before I/O delays could be measured accurately; in any
case, it is no longer necessary.
The patch allocates as many URBs as possible, subject to four
limitations:
The total number of URBs for the endpoint is not allowed to
exceed MAX_URBS (which the patch increases from 8 to 12).
The total number of packets per URB is not allowed to exceed
MAX_PACKS (or MAX_PACKS_HS for high-speed devices), which is
decreased from 20 to 6.
The total duration of queued data is not allowed to exceed
MAX_QUEUE, which is decreased from 24 ms to 18 ms.
The total number of ALSA frames in the output queue is not
allowed to exceed the ALSA buffer size.
The last requirement is the hardest to implement. Currently the
number of URBs needed to fill a buffer cannot be determined in
advance, because a buffer contains a fixed number of frames whereas
the number of frames in an URB varies to match shifts in the device's
clock rate. To solve this problem, the patch changes the logic for
deciding how many packets an URB should contain. Rather than using as
many as possible without exceeding an ALSA period boundary, now the
driver uses only as many packets as needed to transfer a predetermined
number of frames. As a result, unless the device's clock has an
exceedingly variable rate, the number of URBs making up each period
(and hence each buffer) will remain constant.
The overall effect of the patch is that playback works better in
low-latency settings. The user can still specify values for
frames/period and periods/buffer that exceed the capabilities of the
hardware, of course. But for values that are within those
capabilities, the performance will be improved. For example, testing
shows that a high-speed device can handle 32 frames/period and 3
periods/buffer at 48 KHz, whereas the current driver starts to get
glitchy at 64 frames/period and 2 periods/buffer.
A side effect of these changes is that the "nrpacks" module parameter
is no longer used. The patch removes it.
Signed-off-by: Alan Stern <stern@rowland.harvard.edu>
CC: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Tested-by: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Eldad Zack <eldad@fogrefinery.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Add quirks to detect the various vendor-specific descriptors used by
Roland and Yamaha in most of their recent USB audio and MIDI devices.
Together with the previous patch, this should add audio/MIDI support for
the following USB devices:
- Edirol motion dive .tokyo performance package
- Roland MC-808 Synthesizer
- Roland BK-7m Synthesizer
- Roland VIMA JM-5/8 Synthesizer
- Roland SP-555 Sequencer
- Roland V-Synth GT Synthesizer
- Roland Music Atelier AT-75/100/300/350C/500/800/900/900C Organ
- Edirol V-Mixer M-200i/300/380/400/480/R-1000
- BOSS GT-10B Effects Processor
- Roland Fantom G6/G7/G8 Keyboard
- Cakewalk Sonar V-Studio 20/100/700 Audio Interface
- Roland GW-8 Keyboard
- Roland AX-Synth Keyboard
- Roland JUNO-Di/STAGE/Gi Keyboard
- Roland VB-99 Effects Processor
- Cakewalk UM-2G MIDI Interface
- Roland A-500S Keyboard
- Roland SD-50 Synthesizer
- Roland OCTAPAD SPD-30 Controller
- Roland Lucina AX-09 Synthesizer
- BOSS BR-800 Digital Recorder
- Roland DUO/TRI-CAPTURE (EX) Audio Interface
- BOSS RC-300 Loop Station
- Roland JUPITER-50/80 Keyboard
- Roland R-26 Recorder
- Roland SPD-SX Controller
- BOSS JS-10 Audio Player
- Roland TD-11/15/30 Drum Module
- Roland A-49/88 Keyboard
- Roland INTEGRA-7 Synthesizer
- Roland R-88 Recorder
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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Add a module param to disable auto clock selection.
This is provided for users that expect the audio stream to
fail when the clock source is invalid (e.g., the word clock
was unintentionally disconnected).
Signed-off-by: Eldad Zack <eldad@fogrefinery.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This patch is based on 3.8-rc1. It fixes two things:
1) A kernel panic caused by incorrect allocation of a u8 variable
"bootresponse".
2) A noisy dmesg (urb status -32) caused by broken pipe to an
invalid midi endpoint.
It is also a little cleaner because there is no need for a new
QUIRK_MIDI type as suggested by kernel developers, since the device
follows exactly the MIDIMAN protocol.
Signed-off-by: Damien Zammit <damien@zamaudio.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This patch is the result of a lot of trial and error, since there are no specs
available for the device.
Full duplex support is provided, i.e. playback and recording in stereo.
The format is hardcoded at 48000Hz @ 24 bit, which is the maximum that the
device supports. Also, MIDI in and MIDI out both work.
Users will notice that the S/PDIF light also flashes when playback or recording
is active. I believe this means that S/PDIF input/output is simultaneously
activated with the analogue i/o during use.
But this particular functionality remains untested.
Note that this particular version of the patch is so far untested on the
physical hardware because I have not compiled a full kernel with the changes.
However, extensive testing has been done by many users of the hardware
who believe other versions of my patch have worked since circa 2009.
[Modified to make a function static by tiwai]
Signed-off-by: Damien Zammit <damien@zamaudio.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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The async unlink behavior has been working over years. The option was
provided only as a workaround for 2.4.x kernel. Let's get rid of it.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Replace mutex with rwsem for codec->shutdown protection so that
concurrent accesses are allowed.
Also add the protection to snd_usb_autosuspend() and
snd_usb_autoresume(), too.
Reported-by: Matthieu CASTET <matthieu.castet@parrot.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This patch adds a new generic streaming logic for audio over USB.
It defines a model (snd_usb_endpoint) that handles everything that
is related to an USB endpoint and its streaming. There are functions to
activate and deactivate an endpoint (which call usb_set_interface()),
and to start and stop its URBs. It also has function pointers to be
called when data was received or is about to be sent, and pointer to
a sync slave (another snd_usb_endpoint) that is informed when data has
been received.
A snd_usb_endpoint knows about its state and implements a refcounting,
so only the first user will actually start the URBs and only the last
one to stop it will tear them down again.
With this sort of abstraction, the actual streaming is decoupled from
the pcm handling, which makes the "implicit feedback" mechanisms easy to
implement.
In order to split changes properly, this patch only adds the new
implementation but leaves the old one around, so the the driver doesn't
change its behaviour. The switch to actually use the new code is
submitted separately.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This is needed for new card-wide list operations.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Add support for Starr Labs USB MIDI devices such as the Z7S, which are
based on an FTDI serial UART chip.
Based on a patch by Daniel Mack.
Signed-off-by: Kristian Amlie <kristian@amlie.name>
Acked-by: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This quirk type will let the driver assume that there is a standard
mixer on a given interface, or that a specific mixer quirks will handle
the device.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <zonque@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Devices are autosuspended if no pcm nor midi channel is open
Mixer devices may be opened. This way they are active when
in use to play or record sound, but can be suspended while
users have a mixer application running.
[Small clean-ups using static inline by tiwai]
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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When a USB audio device is disconnected, snd_usb_audio_disconnect()
kills all audio URBs. At the same time, the application, after being
notified of the disconnection, might close the device, in which case
ALSA calls the .hw_free callback, which should free the URBs too.
Commit de1b8b93a0ba "[ALSA] Fix hang-up at disconnection of usb-audio"
prevented snd_usb_hw_free() from freeing the URBs to avoid a hang that
resulted from this race, but this introduced another race because the
URB callbacks could now be executed after snd_usb_hw_free() has
returned, and try to access already freed data.
Fix the first race by introducing a mutex to serialize the disconnect
callback and all PCM callbacks that manage URBs (hw_free and hw_params).
Reported-and-tested-by: Pierre-Louis Bossart <pierre-louis.bossart@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
[CL: also serialize hw_params callback]
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Add a quirk entry for the Novation Launchpad USB MIDI controller.
QUIRK_MIDI_FASTLANE gets renamed to *_RAW_BYTES because this quirk type
is now shared by different devices.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Tested-by: Jakob Flierl <jakob.flierl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Audio devices which comply to the UAC2 standard can export complex clock
topologies in its descriptors and set up links between them.
The entities that are defined are
- clock sources, which define the end-leafs.
- clock selectors, which act as switch to select one out of many
possible clocks sources.
- clock multipliers, which have an input clock source, and act as clock
source again. They can be used to derive one clock from another.
All sample rate changes, clock validity queries and the like must go to
clock source elements, while clock selectors and multipliers can be used
as terminal clock source.
The following patch adds a parser for these elements and functions to
iterate over the tree and find the leaf nodes (clock sources).
The samplerate set functions were moved to the new clock.c file.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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The decoding/encoding is based on own reverse-engineering. Both control and
data ports are handled. Writing to control port supports SysEx events only,
as this is the only type of messages that MPD16 recognizes.
Signed-off-by: Krzysztof Foltman <wdev@foltman.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Clean up the usb audio driver by factoring out a lot of functions to
separate files. Code for procfs, quirks, urbs, format parsers etc all
got a new home now.
Moved almost all special quirk handling to quirks.c and introduced new
generic functions to handle them, so the exceptions do not pollute the
whole driver.
Renamed usbaudio.c to card.c because this is what it actually does now.
Renamed usbmidi.c to midi.c for namespace clarity.
Removed more things from usbaudio.h.
The non-standard drivers were adopted accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Rename snd-usb-lib to snd-usbmidi-lib as MIDI functions are the only
thing it actually contains. Introduce a new header file to only declare
these functions.
Introduced usbmixer.h for all functions exported by usbmixer.c.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Cc: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Conflicts:
sound/usb/usbaudio.c
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Add support for the Edirol UA-1000 to the UA-101 driver.
Both devices behave the same, so we just have to shuffle around some
interface numbers and name strings.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
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Use the definitions from linux/usb/audio.h all over the ALSA USB audio
driver and add some missing definitions there as well.
Use the endpoint attribute macros from linux/usb/ch9 and remove the own
things from sound/usb/usbaudio.h.
Now things are also nicely prefixed which makes understanding the code
easier.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This adds a number of parsers for audio class v2.0. In particular, the
following internals are different and now handled by the code:
* the number of streaming interfaces is now reported by an interface
association descriptor. The old approach using a proprietary
descriptor is deprecated.
* The number of channels per interface is now stored in the AS_GENERAL
descriptor (used to be part of the FORMAT_TYPE descriptor).
* The list of supported sample rates is no longer stored in a variable
length appendix of the format_type descriptor but is retrieved from
the device using a class specific GET_RANGE command.
* Supported sample formats are now reported as 32bit bitmap rather than
a fixed value. For now, this is worked around by choosing just one of
them.
* A devices needs to have at least one CLOCK_SOURCE descriptor which
denotes a clockID that is needed im the class request command.
* Many descriptors (format_type, ...) have changed their layout. Handle
this by casting the descriptors to the appropriate structs.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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This patch adds some definitions for audio class v2.
Unfortunately, the UNIT types PROCESSING_UNIT and EXTENSION_UNIT have
different numerical representations in both standards, so there is need
for a _V1 add-on now. usbmixer.c is changed accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Daniel Mack <daniel@caiaq.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Detect the HVR-950Q HVR-850 urb data alignment quirk using usbquirk.h
rather than using a case statement in snd_usb_audio_probe.
Signed-off-by: John S. Gruber <JohnSGruber@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Addressing audio quality problem.
In sound/usb/usbaudio.c, for the Hauppage HVR-950Q and HVR-850 only, change
retire_capture_urb to allow transfers on audio sub-slot boundaries rather
than audio slots boundaries.
With these devices the left and right channel samples can be split between
two different urbs. Throwing away extra channel samples causes a sound
quality problem for stereo streams as the left and right channels are
swapped repeatedly, perhaps many times per second.
Urbs unaligned on sub-slot boundaries are still truncated to the next
lowest stride (audio slot) to retain synchronization on samples even
though left/right channel synchronization may be lost in this case.
Detect the quirk using a case statement in snd_usb_audio_probe.
BugLink: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+bug/495745
Signed-off-by: John S. Gruber <JohnSGruber@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Added functionality:
1) Extension Units support (all XU settings now available at alsamixer,
kmix, etc):
- "AnalogueIn soft limiter" switch;
- "Sample rate" selector (values 0,1,2,3,4,5 corresponds to 44.1 48 ...
192 kHz);
- "DigitalIn CLK source" selector (internal/external) (**);
- "DigitalOut format SPDIF/AC3" switch (**);
(**)E-mu-0404usb only.
2) Automatic device sample rate adjustment depending on substream
samplerate for both capture and playback substream.
[minor coding-style fixes by tiwai]
Signed-off-by: Sergiy Kovalchuk <cnb_zerg@yahoo.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Add experimental support for the Edirol UA-101 audio/MIDI interface.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Remove the dependecy from the USB MIDI code on the snd_usb_audio
structure. This allows using the USB MIDI module from another driver
without having to pretend to be the generic USB audio driver.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Fix combine_word problem where first octet is not
read properly. The only affected place seems to be the
INPUT_TERMINAL type. Before now, sound controls can be created
with the output terminal's name which is a fallback mechanism
used only for unknown input terminal types. For example,
Line can wrongly appear as Speaker. After the change it
should appear as Line.
The side effect of this change can be that users
can expect the wrong control name in their scripts or
programs while now we return the correct one.
Probably, these defines should use get_unaligned_le16 and
friends.
Signed-off-by: Julian Anastasov <ja@ssi.bg>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Kernel 2.6.18 broke the MotU Fastlane, which uses duplicate endpoint
numbers in a manner that is not only illegal but also confuses the
kernel's endpoint descriptor caching mechanism. To work around this, we
have to add a separate usb_set_interface() call to guide the USB core to
the correct descriptors.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
Reported-and-tested-by: David Fries <david@fries.net>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Renamed the old quirk function for ua-700/ua-25 to become more
generic, moving the MIDI interfaces to the quirk data header.
Added a new quirk for the Edirol UA-4FX.
Signed-off-by: Pedro Lopez-Cabanillas <pedro.lopez.cabanillas@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
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Added the ignore_ctl_error parameter to enable/disable the control-error
handling for mixer interfaces. It was a hard-coded ifdef, and now you
can change it more easily.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
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Added a new US122L usb-audio driver. This driver works together with a
dedicated alsa-lib plugin.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
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This patch implements suspend/resume support for USB audio devices.
It works with the microphone in my camera.
Signed-off-by: Oliver Neukum <oneukum@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@perex.cz>
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Added support for the Edirol UA-101 (only in high-speed mode) by taking
the quirks for the UA-1000 and change them accordingly. Changes were
made in 'usbaudio.c', 'usbaudio.h', and 'usbquirks.h'
MIDI and recording seem to work perfectly (with JACK), but playback
gives some few glitches. I think that's the mentioned
synchronizing-problem in the UA-1000 quirk ('FIXME: playback must be
synchronized to capture'), so I didn't change that.
ToDo: Adding Mixer-Support for the built-in
control-panel/patch-bay/router.
Signed-off-by: Bjoern Fay <mail@bfay.de>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Jaroslav Kysela <perex@suse.cz>
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Removed the CS_AUDIO_* #defines, which were duplicates of the
class-specific USB_DT_CS_* #defines in <linux/usb_ch9.h>.
Signed-off-by: Ben Williamson <ben.williamson@greyinnovation.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Modules: USB generic driver
Rename QUIRK_MIDI_MIDITECH to QUIRK_MIDI_CME because Miditech keyboards
are built by CME and use the same protocol, and don't force a Miditech
product name for the USB ID used by both Miditech and CME UF-x
keyboards.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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Modules: USB generic driver
Remove xxx_t typedefs from the USB-Audio driver.
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
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Modules: USB generic driver
Move the usb_complete_callback() compatibility wrapper out of the
kernel tree.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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Modules: USB generic driver
Move the usb_pipe_needs_resubmit() compatibility wrapper out of the
kernel tree.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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USB generic driver
Make the quirk type an enum instead of a #defined integer, and use a
table for the quirk constructor functions instead of a big switch
statement.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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USB generic driver
Add support for Miditech Midistart and MidiStudio keyboards (another
case of devices using the standard protocol but having no descriptors).
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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USB generic driver
Rename the protocol used by the MOTU FastLane to 'raw' because it might
be useful with other devices, and there are other MOTU interfaces that
do not use this protocol.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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USB generic driver
Cache the decoded values of idVendor/idProduct to get rid of most of
those ugly le16_to_cpu() calls.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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USB generic driver
Move all data related to audio control interfaces into a separate struct
local to usbmixer.c.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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USB generic driver,USB USX2Y
This patch removes the superfluous driver parameter from the
disconnect functions.
Signed-off-by: Clemens Ladisch <clemens@ladisch.de>
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Initial git repository build. I'm not bothering with the full history,
even though we have it. We can create a separate "historical" git
archive of that later if we want to, and in the meantime it's about
3.2GB when imported into git - space that would just make the early
git days unnecessarily complicated, when we don't have a lot of good
infrastructure for it.
Let it rip!
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Takashi Iwai
Alan Stern
Clemens Ladisch
Eldad Zack
Damien Zammit
Daniel Mack
Kristian Amlie
Oliver Neukum
Daniel Mack
Krzysztof Foltman
John S. Gruber
Sergiy Kovalchuk
Julian Anastasov
Pedro Lopez-Cabanillas
Karsten Wiese
Bjoern Fay
Ben Williamson
Linus Torvalds