| Age | Commit message (Collapse) | Author | Files | Lines |
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To clarify what is being tested, instead of assuming that evsel->leader
== NULL means either an 'isolated' evsel or a 'group leader'.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-lvdbvimaxw9nc5een5vmem0c@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Fixing events attributes for groups defined via '{}'.
Currently 'enable_on_exec' attribute in record command and both
'disabled ' and 'enable_on_exec' attributes in stat command are set
based on the 'group' option. This eliminates proper setup for '{}'
defined groups as they don't set 'group' option.
Making above attributes values based on the 'evsel->leader' as this is
common to both group definition.
Moving perf_evlist__set_leader call within builtin-record ahead
perf_evlist__config_attrs call, because the latter needs possible group
leader links in place.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1352741644-16809-2-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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In order to measure kernel builds, one has to do some pre/post cleanup
work in order to do the repeat build.
So provide --pre and --post command hooks to allow doing just that.
perf stat --repeat 10 --null --sync --pre 'make -s O=defconfig-build/clean' \
-- make -s -j64 O=defconfig-build/ bzImage
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Acked-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1350992414.13456.5.camel@twins
[ committer note: Added respective entries in Documentation/perf-stat.txt ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Some variables were global but used in just one function, so move it to
where it belongs.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-spa8e7nnohtn1z32q2l2ae2c@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Because that is what it really does, i.e. it applies the filters that
were parsed from the command line and stashed into the evsels they refer
to.
We'll need the set_filter method name to actually apply a filter to all
the evsels in an evlist, for instance, to ask that a syswide tracer
doesn't trace itself.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-v9x3q9rv4caxtox7wtjpchq5@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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If user doesn't explicitly specify CPU list, perf-stat only collects
events on CPUs listed in the PMU cpumask file.
Signed-off-by: "Yah, Zheng" <zheng.z.yan@intel.com>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347263631-23175-3-git-send-email-zheng.z.yan@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Then, the code can be shared between kvm events and perf stat.
Signed-off-by: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
[ Dong Hao <haodong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>: rebase it on acme's git tree ]
Signed-off-by: Dong Hao <haodong@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Avi Kivity <avi@redhat.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: kvm@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Runzhen Wang <runzhen@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Xiao Guangrong <xiaoguangrong@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347870675-31495-3-git-send-email-haodong@linux.vnet.ibm.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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perf defines both __used and __unused variables to use for marking
unused variables. The variable __used is defined to
__attribute__((__unused__)), which contradicts the kernel definition to
__attribute__((__used__)) for new gcc versions. On Android, __used is
also defined in system headers and this leads to warnings like: warning:
'__used__' attribute ignored
__unused is not defined in the kernel and is not a standard definition.
If __unused is included everywhere instead of __used, this leads to
conflicts with glibc headers, since glibc has a variables with this name
in its headers.
The best approach is to use __maybe_unused, the definition used in the
kernel for __attribute__((unused)). In this way there is only one
definition in perf sources (instead of 2 definitions that point to the
same thing: __used and __unused) and it works on both Linux and Android.
This patch simply replaces all instances of __used and __unused with
__maybe_unused.
Signed-off-by: Irina Tirdea <irina.tirdea@intel.com>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347315303-29906-7-git-send-email-irina.tirdea@intel.com
[ committer note: fixed up conflict with a116e05 in builtin-sched.c ]
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Allows perf to clean up properly on program termination.
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1346005487-62961-5-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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To replace the longer list_entry constructs for things that are widely
used:
perf_evlist__{first,last}(evlist)
perf_evsel__next(evsel)
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-ng7azq26wg1jd801qqpcozwp@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Just like was done for parse_events__set_leader.
Also we need to have the list_entry set_leader method in evlist.c so that we
don't grow another dep in the python binding:
# ~acme/git/linux/tools/perf/python/twatch.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/acme/git/linux/tools/perf/python/twatch.py", line 16, in <module>
import perf
ImportError: /home/acme/git/build/perf/python/perf.so: undefined symbol: parse_events__set_leader
And also remove a pr_debug from evsel.c so that we avoid this one too:
# ~acme/git/linux/tools/perf/python/twatch.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/acme/git/linux/tools/perf/python/twatch.py", line 16, in <module>
import perf
ImportError: /home/acme/git/build/perf/python/perf.so: undefined symbol: eprintf
Acked-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-0hk9dazg9pora9jylkqngovm@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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This patch adds a functionality that allows to create event groups
based on the way they are specified on the command line. Adding
functionality to the '{}' group syntax introduced in earlier patch.
The current '--group/-g' option behaviour remains intact. If you
specify it for record/stat/top command, all the specified events
become members of a single group with the first event as a group
leader.
With the new '{}' group syntax you can create group like:
# perf record -e '{cycles,faults}' ls
resulting in single event group containing 'cycles' and 'faults'
events, with cycles event as group leader.
All groups are created with regards to threads and cpus. Thus
recording an event group within a 2 threads on server with
4 CPUs will create 8 separate groups.
Examples (first event in brackets is group leader):
# 1 group (cpu-clock,task-clock)
perf record --group -e cpu-clock,task-clock ls
perf record -e '{cpu-clock,task-clock}' ls
# 2 groups (cpu-clock,task-clock) (minor-faults,major-faults)
perf record -e '{cpu-clock,task-clock},{minor-faults,major-faults}' ls
# 1 group (cpu-clock,task-clock,minor-faults,major-faults)
perf record --group -e cpu-clock,task-clock -e minor-faults,major-faults ls
perf record -e '{cpu-clock,task-clock,minor-faults,major-faults}' ls
# 2 groups (cpu-clock,task-clock) (minor-faults,major-faults)
perf record -e '{cpu-clock,task-clock} -e '{minor-faults,major-faults}' \
-e instructions ls
# 1 group
# (cpu-clock,task-clock,minor-faults,major-faults,instructions)
perf record --group -e cpu-clock,task-clock \
-e minor-faults,major-faults -e instructions ls perf record -e
'{cpu-clock,task-clock,minor-faults,major-faults,instructions}' ls
It's possible to use standard event modifier for a group, which spans
over all events in the group and updates each event modifier settings,
for example:
# perf record -r '{faults:k,cache-references}:p'
resulting in ':kp' modifier being used for 'faults' and ':p' modifier
being used for 'cache-references' event.
Reviewed-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Cc: Corey Ashford <cjashfor@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@kernel.org>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ulrich Drepper <drepper@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-ho42u0wcr8mn1otkalqi13qp@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Pull perf improvements from Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo:
* Replace event_name with perf_evsel__name, that handles the event
modifiers and doesn't use static variables.
* GTK browser improvements, from Namhyung Kim
* Fix possible NULL pointer deref in the TUI annotate browser, from
Samuel Liao
* Add sort by source file:line number, using addr2line.
* Allow printing histogram text snapshots at any point in top/report.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
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So that we don't use global variables that could make us misreport event
names when having a multi window top, for instance.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-mccancovi1u0wdkg8ncth509@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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The following commit:
commit 56f3bae70638b33477a6015fd362ccfe354fd3ee
Author: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Date: Wed Sep 7 17:14:00 2011 -0600
perf stat: Add --log-fd <N> option to redirect stderr elsewhere
introduced a bug in the way perf stat outputs the results by default,
i.e., without the --log-fd or --output option. It would default to
writing to file descriptor 0, i.e., stdin. Writing to stdin is allowed
and is equivalent to writing to stdout. However, there is a major
difference for any script that was already capturing the output of perf
stat via redirection:
perf stat >/tmp/log .... or perf stat 2>/tmp/log ....
They would not capture anything anymore. They would have to do:
perf stat 0>/tmp/log ...
This breaks compatibility with existing scripts and does not look very
natural.
This patch fixes the problem by looking at output_fd only when it was
modified by user (> 0). It also checks that the value if positive.
Passing --log-fd 0 is ignored.
I would also argue that defaulting to stderr for the results is not the
right thing to do, though this patch does not address this specific
issue.
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120515111111.GA9870@quad
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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When no event is specified the tools use perf_evlist__add_default(), that will
call event_attr_init to initialize the KVM exclusion bits.
When the change was made to the tools so that by default guest samples would be
excluded, the changes were made just to the parsing routines and to
perf_evlist__add_default(), not to perf_evlist__add_attrs, that is used so far
just by perf stat to add multiple events, according to the level of detail
specified.
Recently the tools were changed to reconstruct the event name from all the
details in perf_event_attr, not just from .type and .config, but taking into
account all the feature bits (.exclude_{guest,host,user,kernel,etc},
.precise_ip, etc).
That is when we noticed that the default for perf stat wasn't the one for the
rest of the tools, i.e. the .exclude_guest bit wasn't being set.
I.e. the default, that doesn't call event_attr_init was showing the :HG
modifier:
$ perf stat usleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':
0.942119 task-clock # 0.454 CPUs utilized
1 context-switches # 0.001 M/sec
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
126 page-faults # 0.134 M/sec
693,193 cycles:HG # 0.736 GHz [40.11%]
407,461 stalled-cycles-frontend:HG # 58.78% frontend cycles idle [72.29%]
365,403 stalled-cycles-backend:HG # 52.71% backend cycles idle
465,982 instructions:HG # 0.67 insns per cycle
# 0.87 stalled cycles per insn
89,760 branches:HG # 95.275 M/sec
6,178 branch-misses:HG # 6.88% of all branches
0.002077228 seconds time elapsed
While if one explicitely specifies the same events, which will make the parsing code
to be called and thus event_attr_init is called:
$ perf stat -e task-clock,context-switches,migrations,page-faults,cycles,stalled-cycles-frontend,stalled-cycles-backend,instructions,branches,branch-misses usleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'usleep 1':
1.040349 task-clock # 0.500 CPUs utilized
2 context-switches # 0.002 M/sec
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 K/sec
127 page-faults # 0.122 M/sec
587,966 cycles # 0.565 GHz [13.18%]
459,167 stalled-cycles-frontend # 78.09% frontend cycles idle
390,249 stalled-cycles-backend # 66.37% backend cycles idle
504,006 instructions # 0.86 insns per cycle
# 0.91 stalled cycles per insn
96,455 branches # 92.714 M/sec
6,522 branch-misses # 6.76% of all branches [96.12%]
0.002078681 seconds time elapsed
Fix it by introducing a perf_evlist__add_default_attrs method that will call
evlist_attr_init in all the perf_event_attr entries before adding the events.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-4eysr236r0pgiyum9epwxw7s@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Merge reason: We are going to queue up a dependent patch:
"perf tools: Move parse event automated tests to separated object"
That depends on:
commit e7c72d8
perf tools: Add 'G' and 'H' modifiers to event parsing
Conflicts:
tools/perf/builtin-stat.c
Conflicted with the recent 'perf_target' patches when checking the
result of perf_evsel open routines to see if a retry is needed to cope
with older kernels where the exclude guest/host perf_event_attr bits
were not used.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Rename perf_target__no_{cpu,task} to perf_target__has_{cpu,task} because
it's more intuitive and easy to parse (for human beings) when used with
negation.
The names are came out from David Ahern. It is intended to be a
mechanical substitution without any functional change.
The perf_target__none remains unchanged since I couldn't find a right
name and it is hardly used with negation.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Suggested-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Suggested-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1337161549-9870-1-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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perf stat on PPC currently fails to run:
$ perf stat -- sleep 1
Error: open_counter returned with 6 (No such device or address). /bin/dmesg may provide additional information.
Fatal: Not all events could be opened.
The problem is that until 2.6.37 (behavior changed with commit b0a873e)
perf on PPC returns ENXIO when hw_perf_event_init() fails. With this
patch we get the expected behavior:
$ perf stat -v -- sleep 1
cycles event is not supported by the kernel.
stalled-cycles-frontend event is not supported by the kernel.
stalled-cycles-backend event is not supported by the kernel.
instructions event is not supported by the kernel.
branches event is not supported by the kernel.
branch-misses event is not supported by the kernel.
...
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336490956-57145-1-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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perf stat on PPC currently fails to run:
$ perf stat -- sleep 1
Error: open_counter returned with 6 (No such device or address). /bin/dmesg may provide additional information.
Fatal: Not all events could be opened.
The problem is that until 2.6.37 (behavior changed with commit b0a873e)
perf on PPC returns ENXIO when hw_perf_event_init() fails. With this
patch we get the expected behavior:
$ perf stat -v -- sleep 1
cycles event is not supported by the kernel.
stalled-cycles-frontend event is not supported by the kernel.
stalled-cycles-backend event is not supported by the kernel.
instructions event is not supported by the kernel.
branches event is not supported by the kernel.
branch-misses event is not supported by the kernel.
...
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336490956-57145-1-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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Use same function with perf record and top to share the code checks
combinations of different switches.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336367344-28071-8-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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There are places that check whether target task/cpu is given or not and
some of them didn't check newly introduced uid or cpu list. Add and use
three of helper functions to treat them properly.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1336367344-28071-7-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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The perf_target__validate function is used to check given PID/TID/UID/CPU
target options and warn if some combination is impossible. Also this can
make some arguments of parse_target_uid() function useless as it is checked
before the call via our new helper.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1335417327-11796-5-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Use struct perf_target as it is introduced by previous patch.
This is a preparation of further changes.
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1335417327-11796-3-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
By default, perf stat sets exclude_guest = 1. But when you run perf on a
kernel which does not support host/guest filtering, then you get an
error saying the event in unsupported. This comes from the fact that
when the perf_event_attr struct passed by the user is larger than the
one known to the kernel there is safety check which ensures that all
unknown bits are zero. But here, exclude_guest is 1 (part of the unknown
bits) and thus the perf_event_open() syscall return EINVAL.
To my surprise, running perf record on the same kernel did not exhibit
the problem. The reason is that perf record handles the problem by
catching the error and retrying with guest/host excludes set to zero.
For some reason, this was not done with perf stat. This patch fixes this
problem.
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Gleb Natapov <gleb@redhat.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Joerg Roedel <joro@8bytes.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20120427124538.GA7230@quad
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
This references are not exported, use static declaration.
Signed-off-by: Robert Richter <robert.richter@amd.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1333643188-26895-4-git-send-email-robert.richter@amd.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
When event group is enabled for forked task (i.e. no target task was
specified) all events were disabled and marked ->enable_on_exec.
However they are not counted at all since only group leader will be
enabled on exec actually. So the result looked like below:
$ ./perf stat --group -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'sleep 1':
0.554926 task-clock # 0.001 CPUs utilized
<not counted> context-switches
<not counted> CPU-migrations
<not counted> page-faults
<not counted> cycles
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
<not counted> instructions
<not counted> branches
<not counted> branch-misses
1.001228093 seconds time elapsed
Fix it by disabling group leader only.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1331887340-32448-1-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Allow a user to collect events for multiple threads or processes
using a comma separated list.
e.g., collect data on a VM and its vhost thread:
perf top -p 21483,21485
perf stat -p 21483,21485 -ddd
perf record -p 21483,21485
or monitoring vcpu threads
perf top -t 21488,21489
perf stat -t 21488,21489 -ddd
perf record -t 21488,21489
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1328718772-16688-1-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The output of cpu-clock event is controlled in nsec_printout(),
but its alignment was broken:
Performance counter stats for 'sleep 1':
6,038,774 instructions # 0.00 insns per cycle
180 faults # 0.007 K/sec [99.95%]
1,282,201 branches # 0.053 M/sec [99.84%]
24126.221811 cpu-clock [99.62%]
24121.689540 task-clock # 24.098 CPUs utilized [99.52%]
1.001001017 seconds time elapsed
This patch fixes this:
Performance counter stats for 'sleep 1':
13,540,843 instructions # 0.00 insns per cycle
180 faults # 0.007 K/sec [99.94%]
2,875,386 branches # 0.119 M/sec [99.82%]
24144.221137 cpu-clock [99.61%]
24133.515366 task-clock # 24.109 CPUs utilized [99.52%]
1.001020946 seconds time elapsed
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1328514285-26232-2-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The default 'M/sec' unit is not useful if the result is small enough.
Adjust it dynamically according to the value.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1328514285-26232-1-git-send-email-namhyung.kim@lge.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The new --uid command line option will show only the tasks for a given
user, using the proc interface to figure out the existing tasks.
Kernel work is needed to close races at startup, but this should already
be useful in many use cases.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-bdnspm000gw2l984a2t53o8z@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The get_ratio_color() returns appropriate color string based on @ratio.
It helps reducing code duplication.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1325000151-4463-2-git-send-email-namhyung@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Namhyung Kim <namhyung@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Merge reason: Update with the latest fixes.
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
|
|
perf stat is failing on PowerPC:
Error: open_counter returned with 95 (Operation not supported). /bin/dmesg may provide additional information.
Fatal: Not all events could be opened.
commit 370faf1dd046 (perf stat: Fail softly on unsupported events)
added a check for failure returning ENOENT, but the POWER backend
returns EOPNOTSUPP. It looks like alpha, blackfin and mips do the
same.
With the patch applied, things work as expected:
Performance counter stats for '/bin/true':
0.362176 task-clock # 0.623 CPUs utilized
0 context-switches # 0.000 M/sec
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec
28 page-faults # 0.077 M/sec
1,677,020 cycles # 4.630 GHz
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
431,220 instructions # 0.26 insns per cycle
101,889 branches # 281.325 M/sec
4,145 branch-misses # 4.07% of all branches
0.000581361 seconds time elapsed
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # 3.0+
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20111202093833.5fef7226@kryten
Signed-off-by: Anton Blanchard <anton@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
At first tools were required to do that, but while writing the python
bindings to simplify the API I made them auto-allocate when needed.
This just makes record, stat and top use that auto allocation,
simplifying them a bit.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-iokhcvkzzijr3keioubx8hlq@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Replacing the open coded equivalents in 'perf stat'.
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-1btwadnf2tds2g07hsccsdse@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
The __perf_evsel__open routing was grouping just the threads for that
specific events per cpu when we want to group all threads in all events
to the first fd opened on that cpu.
So pass the xyarray with the first event, where the other events will be
able to get that first per cpu fd.
At some point top and record will switch to using perf_evlist__open that
takes care of this detail and probably will also handle the fallback
from hw to soft counters, etc.
Reported-by: Deng-Cheng Zhu <dczhu@mips.com>
Tested-by: Deng-Cheng Zhu <dczhu@mips.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-ebm34rh098i9y9v4cytfdp0x@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
When a program crashes under perf there is no message about it, unlike
when running it from bash. This can be confusing and lead to wrong
actions during debugging.
Print fatal signals in perf stat/record.
Thanks to Furat Afram for finding the problem originally
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1316122302-24306-1-git-send-email-andi@firstfloor.org
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Andi Kleen <ak@linux.intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315437244-3788-6-git-send-email-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
If option -x '\t' is given, convert '\t' to "\t". This makes cvs
printing more flexible.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315437244-3788-5-git-send-email-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
For pretty output only (preserve column for cvs output), dont print
std-deviation when its 0.00. Do this based upon value, instead of
checking for --no-aggr, since the stats could conceivably be computed
over the runs on each CPU, and theres no reason to preclude that.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315437244-3788-4-git-send-email-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Without this patch, running:
$ sudo ./perf stat -r20 --no-aggr -a perl -e '$i++ for 1..100000'
I get computations like this:
CPU0 12.488247 task-clock # 1.224 CPUs utilized ( +- -nan% )
CPU1 12.488909 task-clock # 1.225 CPUs utilized ( +- -nan% )
CPU2 12.500221 task-clock # 1.226 CPUs utilized ( +- -nan% )
CPU3 12.481713 task-clock # 1.224 CPUs utilized ( +- -nan% )
but with patch, I get:
CPU0 8.233682 task-clock # 0.754 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.00% )
CPU1 8.226318 task-clock # 0.754 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.00% )
CPU2 8.210737 task-clock # 0.752 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.00% )
CPU3 8.201691 task-clock # 0.751 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.00% )
Note that without --no-aggr, I get non-0 statistics both before and after patch:
231.986022 task-clock # 4.030 CPUs utilized ( +- 0.97% )
212 context-switches # 0.001 M/sec ( +- 12.07% )
9 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec ( +- 25.80% )
466 page-faults # 0.002 M/sec ( +- 3.23% )
174,318,593 cycles # 0.751 GHz ( +- 1.06% )
I couldnt see anything wrong in the caller, so fixed it in
stddev_stats(). ISTM that 0.00 is better than nan, since perf stat was
passed -A (--no-aggr) so no standard deviation should be expected, and
nan is suggestive of a deeper error.
When running with --no-aggr, perhaps we should suppress the statistics
printing entirely, or do so when they are 0.00.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315437244-3788-3-git-send-email-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
This perf stat option emulates valgrind's --log-fd option, allowing the
user to send perf results elsewhere, and leaving stderr for use by the
program under test. This complements --output file option, and is
mutually exclusive with it.
3>results perf stat --log-fd 3 -- $cmd
3>>results perf stat --log-fd 3 --append -- $cmd
The perl distro's make test.valgrind target uses valgrind's --log-fd
option, I've adapted it to invoke perf also, and tested this patch
there.
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1315437244-3788-2-git-send-email-jim.cromie@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Jim Cromie <jim.cromie@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Conflicts:
tools/perf/builtin-stat.c
|
|
This patch adds an option (-o) to save the output of perf stat into a
file. You could do this with perf record but not with perf stat.
Instead, you had to fiddle with stderr to save the counts into a
separate file.
The patch also adds the --append option so that results can be
concatenated into a single file across runs. Each run of the tool is
clearly separated by a comment line starting with a hash mark. The -A
option of perf record is already used by perf stat, so we only add a
long option.
$ perf stat -o res.txt date
$ cat res.txt
Performance counter stats for 'date':
0.791306 task-clock # 0.668 CPUs utilized
2 context-switches # 0.003 M/sec
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec
197 page-faults # 0.249 M/sec
1878143 cycles # 2.373 GHz
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
1083367 instructions # 0.58 insns per cycle
193027 branches # 243.935 M/sec
9014 branch-misses # 4.67% of all branches
0.001184746 seconds time elapsed
The option can be combined with -x to make the output file much easier
to parse.
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20110815202233.GA18535@quad
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Group event scheduling command line option is missing in perf
record/stat.
Add it to perf record/stat, which is same as in perf top.
Reported-by: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1313577727.2754.5.camel@hp6530s
Signed-off-by: Lin Ming <ming.m.lin@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Moving out the option parameter from parse_events function,
and adding new parse_events_option function instead.
The option parameter is used only to carry "struct perf_evlist"
pointer for chaining new events. Putting it away, enable us
to call parse_events from other places without using the
option parameter.
Signed-off-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@redhat.com>
Cc: acme@redhat.com
Cc: a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl
Cc: paulus@samba.org
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1310635534-4013-2-git-send-email-jolsa@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
|
|
Previously, when you want perf-stat to output the statistics in
csv mode, no information of the noise will be printed out.
For example right now we output this --repeat information:
./perf stat -r3 -x, sleep 1
1.164789,task-clock
8,context-switches
0,CPU-migrations
219,page-faults
3337800,cycles
With this patch, the output will be appended with an additional
entry for the noise value:
./perf stat -r3 -x, sleep 1
1.164789,task-clock,3.75%
8,context-switches,75.00%
0,CPU-migrations,100.00%
219,page-faults,0.00%
3337800,cycles,3.36%
Signed-off-by: Zhengyu He <zhengyuh@google.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@ghostprotocols.net>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1308861942-4945-1-git-send-email-zhengyuh@google.com
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
|
|
perf stat continues running even if the event list contains counters
that are not supported. The resulting output then contains <not counted>
for those events which gets confusing as to which events are supported,
but not counted and which are not supported.
Before:
perf stat -ddd -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'sleep 1':
0.571283 task-clock # 0.001 CPUs utilized
1 context-switches # 0.002 M/sec
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec
157 page-faults # 0.275 M/sec
1,037,707 cycles # 1.816 GHz
<not counted> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not counted> stalled-cycles-backend
654,499 instructions # 0.63 insns per cycle
136,129 branches # 238.286 M/sec
<not counted> branch-misses
<not counted> L1-dcache-loads
<not counted> L1-dcache-load-misses
<not counted> LLC-loads
<not counted> LLC-load-misses
<not counted> L1-icache-loads
<not counted> L1-icache-load-misses
<not counted> dTLB-loads
<not counted> dTLB-load-misses
<not counted> iTLB-loads
<not counted> iTLB-load-misses
<not counted> L1-dcache-prefetches
<not counted> L1-dcache-prefetch-misses
1.001004836 seconds time elapsed
After:
perf stat -ddd -- sleep 1
Performance counter stats for 'sleep 1':
1.350326 task-clock # 0.001 CPUs utilized
2 context-switches # 0.001 M/sec
0 CPU-migrations # 0.000 M/sec
157 page-faults # 0.116 M/sec
11,986 cycles # 0.009 GHz
<not supported> stalled-cycles-frontend
<not supported> stalled-cycles-backend
496,986 instructions # 41.46 insns per cycle
138,065 branches # 102.246 M/sec
7,245 branch-misses # 5.25% of all branches
<not counted> L1-dcache-loads
<not counted> L1-dcache-load-misses
<not counted> LLC-loads
<not counted> LLC-load-misses
<not counted> L1-icache-loads
<not counted> L1-icache-load-misses
<not counted> dTLB-loads
<not counted> dTLB-load-misses
<not counted> iTLB-loads
<not counted> iTLB-load-misses
<not counted> L1-dcache-prefetches
<not supported> L1-dcache-prefetch-misses
1.002397333 seconds time elapsed
v1->v2:
changed supported type from int to bool
v2->v3
fixed vertical alignment of new struct element
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1306767359-13221-1-git-send-email-dsahern@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
|
|
Print out the cache-miss percentage as well if the cache refs were
collected, for all the generic cache event types.
Before:
11,103,723,230 dTLB-loads # 622.471 M/sec ( +- 0.30% )
87,065,337 dTLB-load-misses # 4.881 M/sec ( +- 0.90% )
After:
11,353,713,242 dTLB-loads # 626.020 M/sec ( +- 0.35% )
113,393,472 dTLB-load-misses # 1.00% of all dTLB cache hits ( +- 0.49% )
Also ASCII color highlight too high percentages, them when it's executed on the console.
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frederic Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-lkhwxsevdbd9a8nymx0vxc3y@git.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo
Jiri Olsa
Peter Zijlstra
Yan, Zheng
Xiao Guangrong
Irina Tirdea
David Ahern
Ingo Molnar
Stephane Eranian
Namhyung Kim
Robert Richter
Namhyung Kim
Ingo Molnar
Anton Blanchard
Andi Kleen
Jim Cromie
Lin Ming
Zhengyu He