The 802.11 subsystems – for kernel developers Explaining wireless 802.11 networking in the Linux kernel 2007-2009 Johannes Berg Johannes Berg
johannes@sipsolutions.net
This documentation is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 as published by the Free Software Foundation. This documentation is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this documentation; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA For more details see the file COPYING in the source distribution of Linux. These books attempt to give a description of the various subsystems that play a role in 802.11 wireless networking in Linux. Since these books are for kernel developers they attempts to document the structures and functions used in the kernel as well as giving a higher-level overview. The reader is expected to be familiar with the 802.11 standard as published by the IEEE in 802.11-2007 (or possibly later versions). References to this standard will be given as "802.11-2007 8.1.5".
The cfg80211 subsystem !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Introduction Device registration !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Device registration !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_band !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_rate_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_rate !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_sta_ht_cap !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_supported_band !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_signal_type !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_params_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wireless_dev !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_new !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_register !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_unregister !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_free !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_name !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_dev !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_priv !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h priv_to_wiphy !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h set_wiphy_dev !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wdev_priv Actions and configuration !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Actions and configuration !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ops !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h vif_params !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h key_params !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h survey_info_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h survey_info !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_beacon_data !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ap_settings !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_parameters !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_info_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h rate_info_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h rate_info !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h station_info !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h monitor_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h mpath_info_flags !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h mpath_info !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h bss_parameters !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_txq_params !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_crypto_settings !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_auth_request !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_assoc_request !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_deauth_request !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_disassoc_request !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ibss_params !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_params !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_pmksa !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_mlme_mgmt !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_auth_timeout !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_assoc_resp !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_assoc_timeout !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_tx_mlme_mgmt !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ibss_joined !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_connect_result !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_roamed !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_disconnected !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ready_on_channel !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_remain_on_channel_expired !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_new_sta !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_rx_mgmt !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_mgmt_tx_status !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_cqm_rssi_notify !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_cqm_pktloss_notify !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_michael_mic_failure Scanning and BSS list handling !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Scanning and BSS list handling !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_ssid !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_scan_request !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_scan_done !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_bss !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss_frame !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_inform_bss !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_unlink_bss !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_find_ie !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_bss_get_ie Utility functions !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Utility functions !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_channel_to_frequency !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_frequency_to_channel !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_channel !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_response_rate !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_hdrlen !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_get_hdrlen_from_skb !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_radiotap_iterator Data path helpers !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Data path helpers !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_data_to_8023 !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_data_from_8023 !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h ieee80211_amsdu_to_8023s !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_classify8021d Regulatory enforcement infrastructure !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Regulatory enforcement infrastructure !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h regulatory_hint !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_apply_custom_regulatory !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h freq_reg_info RFkill integration !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h RFkill integration !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_set_hw_state !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_start_polling !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h wiphy_rfkill_stop_polling Test mode !Pinclude/net/cfg80211.h Test mode !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_alloc_reply_skb !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_reply !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_alloc_event_skb !Finclude/net/cfg80211.h cfg80211_testmode_event The mac80211 subsystem !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Introduction !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Warning The basic mac80211 driver interface You should read and understand the information contained within this part of the book while implementing a driver. In some chapters, advanced usage is noted, that may be skipped at first. This part of the book only covers station and monitor mode functionality, additional information required to implement the other modes is covered in the second part of the book. Basic hardware handling TBD This chapter shall contain information on getting a hw struct allocated and registered with mac80211. Since it is required to allocate rates/modes before registering a hw struct, this chapter shall also contain information on setting up the rate/mode structs. Additionally, some discussion about the callbacks and the general programming model should be in here, including the definition of ieee80211_ops which will be referred to a lot. Finally, a discussion of hardware capabilities should be done with references to other parts of the book. !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_hw_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_DEV !Finclude/net/mac80211.h SET_IEEE80211_PERM_ADDR !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ops !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_alloc_hw !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_register_hw !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_unregister_hw !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_free_hw PHY configuration TBD This chapter should describe PHY handling including start/stop callbacks and the various structures used. !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_conf_flags Virtual interfaces TBD This chapter should describe virtual interface basics that are relevant to the driver (VLANs, MGMT etc are not.) It should explain the use of the add_iface/remove_iface callbacks as well as the interface configuration callbacks. Things related to AP mode should be discussed there. Things related to supporting multiple interfaces should be in the appropriate chapter, a BIG FAT note should be here about this though and the recommendation to allow only a single interface in STA mode at first! !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_vif Receive and transmit processing what should be here TBD This should describe the receive and transmit paths in mac80211/the drivers as well as transmit status handling. Frame format !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame format Packet alignment !Pnet/mac80211/rx.c Packet alignment Calling into mac80211 from interrupts !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Calling mac80211 from interrupts functions/definitions !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_status !Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rx_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_tx_info_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_tx_control_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211_rate_control_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_rate !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_info_clear_status !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_ni !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rx_irqsafe !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_ni !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_status_irqsafe !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_get !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rts_duration !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_get !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ctstoself_duration !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_generic_frame_duration !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queue !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queue !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_wake_queues !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_queues !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_stopped Frame filtering !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Frame filtering !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_filter_flags The mac80211 workqueue !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h mac80211 workqueue !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_work !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_queue_delayed_work Advanced driver interface Information contained within this part of the book is of interest only for advanced interaction of mac80211 with drivers to exploit more hardware capabilities and improve performance. LED support Mac80211 supports various ways of blinking LEDs. Wherever possible, device LEDs should be exposed as LED class devices and hooked up to the appropriate trigger, which will then be triggered appropriately by mac80211. !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tx_led_name !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_rx_led_name !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_assoc_led_name !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_radio_led_name !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tpt_blink !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tpt_led_trigger_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_create_tpt_led_trigger Hardware crypto acceleration !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Hardware crypto acceleration !Finclude/net/mac80211.h set_key_cmd !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_conf !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_key_flags !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p1k_iv !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_tkip_p2k Powersave support !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Powersave support Beacon filter support !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Beacon filter support !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_loss Multiple queues and QoS support TBD !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_queue_params Access point mode support TBD Some parts of the if_conf should be discussed here instead Insert notes about VLAN interfaces with hw crypto here or in the hw crypto chapter.
support for powersaving clients !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h AP support for powersaving clients
!Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_get_buffered_bc !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_beacon_get !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_eosp !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_frame_release_type !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_ps_transition !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_ps_transition_ni !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_set_buffered !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta_block_awake
Supporting multiple virtual interfaces TBD Note: WDS with identical MAC address should almost always be OK Insert notes about having multiple virtual interfaces with different MAC addresses here, note which configurations are supported by mac80211, add notes about supporting hw crypto with it. !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_iterate_active_interfaces_atomic Station handling TODO !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_sta !Finclude/net/mac80211.h sta_notify_cmd !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_find_sta !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_find_sta_by_ifaddr Hardware scan offload TBD !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_scan_completed Aggregation TX A-MPDU aggregation !Pnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c TX A-MPDU aggregation !Cnet/mac80211/agg-tx.c RX A-MPDU aggregation !Pnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c RX A-MPDU aggregation !Cnet/mac80211/agg-rx.c !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_ampdu_mlme_action Spatial Multiplexing Powersave (SMPS) !Pinclude/net/mac80211.h Spatial multiplexing power save !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_request_smps !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_smps_mode
Rate control interface TBD This part of the book describes the rate control algorithm interface and how it relates to mac80211 and drivers. Rate Control API TBD !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_tx_ba_session !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_start_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_session !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_stop_tx_ba_cb_irqsafe !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_rate_control_changed !Finclude/net/mac80211.h ieee80211_tx_rate_control !Finclude/net/mac80211.h rate_control_send_low Internals TBD This part of the book describes mac80211 internals. Key handling Key handling basics !Pnet/mac80211/key.c Key handling basics MORE TBD TBD Receive processing TBD Transmit processing TBD Station info handling Programming information !Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_info !Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h ieee80211_sta_info_flags STA information lifetime rules !Pnet/mac80211/sta_info.c STA information lifetime rules Aggregation !Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h sta_ampdu_mlme !Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h tid_ampdu_tx !Fnet/mac80211/sta_info.h tid_ampdu_rx Synchronisation TBD Locking, lots of RCU