// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0 /* * background writeback - scan btree for dirty data and write it to the backing * device * * Copyright 2010, 2011 Kent Overstreet * Copyright 2012 Google, Inc. */ #include "bcache.h" #include "btree.h" #include "debug.h" #include "writeback.h" #include #include #include #include static void update_gc_after_writeback(struct cache_set *c) { if (c->gc_after_writeback != (BCH_ENABLE_AUTO_GC) || c->gc_stats.in_use < BCH_AUTO_GC_DIRTY_THRESHOLD) return; c->gc_after_writeback |= BCH_DO_AUTO_GC; } /* Rate limiting */ static uint64_t __calc_target_rate(struct cached_dev *dc) { struct cache_set *c = dc->disk.c; /* * This is the size of the cache, minus the amount used for * flash-only devices */ uint64_t cache_sectors = c->nbuckets * c->sb.bucket_size - atomic_long_read(&c->flash_dev_dirty_sectors); /* * Unfortunately there is no control of global dirty data. If the * user states that they want 10% dirty data in the cache, and has, * e.g., 5 backing volumes of equal size, we try and ensure each * backing volume uses about 2% of the cache for dirty data. */ uint32_t bdev_share = div64_u64(bdev_sectors(dc->bdev) << WRITEBACK_SHARE_SHIFT, c->cached_dev_sectors); uint64_t cache_dirty_target = div_u64(cache_sectors * dc->writeback_percent, 100); /* Ensure each backing dev gets at least one dirty share */ if (bdev_share < 1) bdev_share = 1; return (cache_dirty_target * bdev_share) >> WRITEBACK_SHARE_SHIFT; } static void __update_writeback_rate(struct cached_dev *dc) { /* * PI controller: * Figures out the amount that should be written per second. * * First, the error (number of sectors that are dirty beyond our * target) is calculated. The error is accumulated (numerically * integrated). * * Then, the proportional value and integral value are scaled * based on configured values. These are stored as inverses to * avoid fixed point math and to make configuration easy-- e.g. * the default value of 40 for writeback_rate_p_term_inverse * attempts to write at a rate that would retire all the dirty * blocks in 40 seconds. * * The writeback_rate_i_inverse value of 10000 means that 1/10000th * of the error is accumulated in the integral term per second. * This acts as a slow, long-term average that is not subject to * variations in usage like the p term. */ int64_t target = __calc_target_rate(dc); int64_t dirty = bcache_dev_sectors_dirty(&dc->disk); int64_t error = dirty - target; int64_t proportional_scaled = div_s64(error, dc->writeback_rate_p_term_inverse); int64_t integral_scaled; uint32_t new_rate; if ((error < 0 && dc->writeback_rate_integral > 0) || (error > 0 && time_before64(local_clock(), dc->writeback_rate.next + NSEC_PER_MSEC))) { /* * Only decrease the integral term if it's more than * zero. Only increase the integral term if the device * is keeping up. (Don't wind up the integral * ineffectively in either case). * * It's necessary to scale this by * writeback_rate_update_seconds to keep the integral * term dimensioned properly. */ dc->writeback_rate_integral += error * dc->writeback_rate_update_seconds; } integral_scaled = div_s64(dc->writeback_rate_integral, dc->writeback_rate_i_term_inverse); new_rate = clamp_t(int32_t, (proportional_scaled + integral_scaled), dc->writeback_rate_minimum, NSEC_PER_SEC); dc->writeback_rate_proportional = proportional_scaled; dc->writeback_rate_integral_scaled = integral_scaled; dc->writeback_rate_change = new_rate - atomic_long_read(&dc->writeback_rate.rate); atomic_long_set(&dc->writeback_rate.rate, new_rate); dc->writeback_rate_target = target; } static bool set_at_max_writeback_rate(struct cache_set *c, struct cached_dev *dc) { /* Don't sst max writeback rate if it is disabled */ if (!c->idle_max_writeback_rate_enabled) return false; /* Don't set max writeback rate if gc is running */ if (!c->gc_mark_valid) return false; /* * Idle_counter is increased everytime when update_writeback_rate() is * called. If all backing devices attached to the same cache set have * identical dc->writeback_rate_update_seconds values, it is about 6 * rounds of update_writeback_rate() on each backing device before * c->at_max_writeback_rate is set to 1, and then max wrteback rate set * to each dc->writeback_rate.rate. * In order to avoid extra locking cost for counting exact dirty cached * devices number, c->attached_dev_nr is used to calculate the idle * throushold. It might be bigger if not all cached device are in write- * back mode, but it still works well with limited extra rounds of * update_writeback_rate(). */ if (atomic_inc_return(&c->idle_counter) < atomic_read(&c->attached_dev_nr) * 6) return false; if (atomic_read(&c->at_max_writeback_rate) != 1) atomic_set(&c->at_max_writeback_rate, 1); atomic_long_set(&dc->writeback_rate.rate, INT_MAX); /* keep writeback_rate_target as existing value */ dc->writeback_rate_proportional = 0; dc->writeback_rate_integral_scaled = 0; dc->writeback_rate_change = 0; /* * Check c->idle_counter and c->at_max_writeback_rate agagain in case * new I/O arrives during before set_at_max_writeback_rate() returns. * Then the writeback rate is set to 1, and its new value should be * decided via __update_writeback_rate(). */ if ((atomic_read(&c->idle_counter) < atomic_read(&c->attached_dev_nr) * 6) || !atomic_read(&c->at_max_writeback_rate)) return false; return true; } static void update_writeback_rate(struct work_struct *work) { struct cached_dev *dc = container_of(to_delayed_work(work), struct cached_dev, writeback_rate_update); struct cache_set *c = dc->disk.c; /* * should check BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING before calling * cancel_delayed_work_sync(). */ set_bit(BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags); /* paired with where BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING is tested */ smp_mb(); /* * CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE might be set via sysfs interface, * check it here too. */ if (!test_bit(BCACHE_DEV_WB_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags) || test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &c->flags)) { clear_bit(BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags); /* paired with where BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING is tested */ smp_mb(); return; } if (atomic_read(&dc->has_dirty) && dc->writeback_percent) { /* * If the whole cache set is idle, set_at_max_writeback_rate() * will set writeback rate to a max number. Then it is * unncessary to update writeback rate for an idle cache set * in maximum writeback rate number(s). */ if (!set_at_max_writeback_rate(c, dc)) { down_read(&dc->writeback_lock); __update_writeback_rate(dc); update_gc_after_writeback(c); up_read(&dc->writeback_lock); } } /* * CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE might be set via sysfs interface, * check it here too. */ if (test_bit(BCACHE_DEV_WB_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags) && !test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &c->flags)) { schedule_delayed_work(&dc->writeback_rate_update, dc->writeback_rate_update_seconds * HZ); } /* * should check BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING before calling * cancel_delayed_work_sync(). */ clear_bit(BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags); /* paired with where BCACHE_DEV_RATE_DW_RUNNING is tested */ smp_mb(); } static unsigned int writeback_delay(struct cached_dev *dc, unsigned int sectors) { if (test_bit(BCACHE_DEV_DETACHING, &dc->disk.flags) || !dc->writeback_percent) return 0; return bch_next_delay(&dc->writeback_rate, sectors); } struct dirty_io { struct closure cl; struct cached_dev *dc; uint16_t sequence; struct bio bio; }; static void dirty_init(struct keybuf_key *w) { struct dirty_io *io = w->private; struct bio *bio = &io->bio; bio_init(bio, bio->bi_inline_vecs, DIV_ROUND_UP(KEY_SIZE(&w->key), PAGE_SECTORS)); if (!io->dc->writeback_percent) bio_set_prio(bio, IOPRIO_PRIO_VALUE(IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE, 0)); bio->bi_iter.bi_size = KEY_SIZE(&w->key) << 9; bio->bi_private = w; bch_bio_map(bio, NULL); } static void dirty_io_destructor(struct closure *cl) { struct dirty_io *io = container_of(cl, struct dirty_io, cl); kfree(io); } static void write_dirty_finish(struct closure *cl) { struct dirty_io *io = container_of(cl, struct dirty_io, cl); struct keybuf_key *w = io->bio.bi_private; struct cached_dev *dc = io->dc; bio_free_pages(&io->bio); /* This is kind of a dumb way of signalling errors. */ if (KEY_DIRTY(&w->key)) { int ret; unsigned int i; struct keylist keys; bch_keylist_init(&keys); bkey_copy(keys.top, &w->key); SET_KEY_DIRTY(keys.top, false); bch_keylist_push(&keys); for (i = 0; i < KEY_PTRS(&w->key); i++) atomic_inc(&PTR_BUCKET(dc->disk.c, &w->key, i)->pin); ret = bch_btree_insert(dc->disk.c, &keys, NULL, &w->key); if (ret) trace_bcache_writeback_collision(&w->key); atomic_long_inc(ret ? &dc->disk.c->writeback_keys_failed : &dc->disk.c->writeback_keys_done); } bch_keybuf_del(&dc->writeback_keys, w); up(&dc->in_flight); closure_return_with_destructor(cl, dirty_io_destructor); } static void dirty_endio(struct bio *bio) { struct keybuf_key *w = bio->bi_private; struct dirty_io *io = w->private; if (bio->bi_status) { SET_KEY_DIRTY(&w->key, false); bch_count_backing_io_errors(io->dc, bio); } closure_put(&io->cl); } static void write_dirty(struct closure *cl) { struct dirty_io *io = container_of(cl, struct dirty_io, cl); struct keybuf_key *w = io->bio.bi_private; struct cached_dev *dc = io->dc; uint16_t next_sequence; if (atomic_read(&dc->writeback_sequence_next) != io->sequence) { /* Not our turn to write; wait for a write to complete */ closure_wait(&dc->writeback_ordering_wait, cl); if (atomic_read(&dc->writeback_sequence_next) == io->sequence) { /* * Edge case-- it happened in indeterminate order * relative to when we were added to wait list.. */ closure_wake_up(&dc->writeback_ordering_wait); } continue_at(cl, write_dirty, io->dc->writeback_write_wq); return; } next_sequence = io->sequence + 1; /* * IO errors are signalled using the dirty bit on the key. * If we failed to read, we should not attempt to write to the * backing device. Instead, immediately go to write_dirty_finish * to clean up. */ if (KEY_DIRTY(&w->key)) { dirty_init(w); bio_set_op_attrs(&io->bio, REQ_OP_WRITE, 0); io->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = KEY_START(&w->key); bio_set_dev(&io->bio, io->dc->bdev); io->bio.bi_end_io = dirty_endio; /* I/O request sent to backing device */ closure_bio_submit(io->dc->disk.c, &io->bio, cl); } atomic_set(&dc->writeback_sequence_next, next_sequence); closure_wake_up(&dc->writeback_ordering_wait); continue_at(cl, write_dirty_finish, io->dc->writeback_write_wq); } static void read_dirty_endio(struct bio *bio) { struct keybuf_key *w = bio->bi_private; struct dirty_io *io = w->private; /* is_read = 1 */ bch_count_io_errors(PTR_CACHE(io->dc->disk.c, &w->key, 0), bio->bi_status, 1, "reading dirty data from cache"); dirty_endio(bio); } static void read_dirty_submit(struct closure *cl) { struct dirty_io *io = container_of(cl, struct dirty_io, cl); closure_bio_submit(io->dc->disk.c, &io->bio, cl); continue_at(cl, write_dirty, io->dc->writeback_write_wq); } static void read_dirty(struct cached_dev *dc) { unsigned int delay = 0; struct keybuf_key *next, *keys[MAX_WRITEBACKS_IN_PASS], *w; size_t size; int nk, i; struct dirty_io *io; struct closure cl; uint16_t sequence = 0; BUG_ON(!llist_empty(&dc->writeback_ordering_wait.list)); atomic_set(&dc->writeback_sequence_next, sequence); closure_init_stack(&cl); /* * XXX: if we error, background writeback just spins. Should use some * mempools. */ next = bch_keybuf_next(&dc->writeback_keys); while (!kthread_should_stop() && !test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &dc->disk.c->flags) && next) { size = 0; nk = 0; do { BUG_ON(ptr_stale(dc->disk.c, &next->key, 0)); /* * Don't combine too many operations, even if they * are all small. */ if (nk >= MAX_WRITEBACKS_IN_PASS) break; /* * If the current operation is very large, don't * further combine operations. */ if (size >= MAX_WRITESIZE_IN_PASS) break; /* * Operations are only eligible to be combined * if they are contiguous. * * TODO: add a heuristic willing to fire a * certain amount of non-contiguous IO per pass, * so that we can benefit from backing device * command queueing. */ if ((nk != 0) && bkey_cmp(&keys[nk-1]->key, &START_KEY(&next->key))) break; size += KEY_SIZE(&next->key); keys[nk++] = next; } while ((next = bch_keybuf_next(&dc->writeback_keys))); /* Now we have gathered a set of 1..5 keys to write back. */ for (i = 0; i < nk; i++) { w = keys[i]; io = kzalloc(sizeof(struct dirty_io) + sizeof(struct bio_vec) * DIV_ROUND_UP(KEY_SIZE(&w->key), PAGE_SECTORS), GFP_KERNEL); if (!io) goto err; w->private = io; io->dc = dc; io->sequence = sequence++; dirty_init(w); bio_set_op_attrs(&io->bio, REQ_OP_READ, 0); io->bio.bi_iter.bi_sector = PTR_OFFSET(&w->key, 0); bio_set_dev(&io->bio, PTR_CACHE(dc->disk.c, &w->key, 0)->bdev); io->bio.bi_end_io = read_dirty_endio; if (bch_bio_alloc_pages(&io->bio, GFP_KERNEL)) goto err_free; trace_bcache_writeback(&w->key); down(&dc->in_flight); /* * We've acquired a semaphore for the maximum * simultaneous number of writebacks; from here * everything happens asynchronously. */ closure_call(&io->cl, read_dirty_submit, NULL, &cl); } delay = writeback_delay(dc, size); while (!kthread_should_stop() && !test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &dc->disk.c->flags) && delay) { schedule_timeout_interruptible(delay); delay = writeback_delay(dc, 0); } } if (0) { err_free: kfree(w->private); err: bch_keybuf_del(&dc->writeback_keys, w); } /* * Wait for outstanding writeback IOs to finish (and keybuf slots to be * freed) before refilling again */ closure_sync(&cl); } /* Scan for dirty data */ void bcache_dev_sectors_dirty_add(struct cache_set *c, unsigned int inode, uint64_t offset, int nr_sectors) { struct bcache_device *d = c->devices[inode]; unsigned int stripe_offset, stripe, sectors_dirty; if (!d) return; if (UUID_FLASH_ONLY(&c->uuids[inode])) atomic_long_add(nr_sectors, &c->flash_dev_dirty_sectors); stripe = offset_to_stripe(d, offset); stripe_offset = offset & (d->stripe_size - 1); while (nr_sectors) { int s = min_t(unsigned int, abs(nr_sectors), d->stripe_size - stripe_offset); if (nr_sectors < 0) s = -s; if (stripe >= d->nr_stripes) return; sectors_dirty = atomic_add_return(s, d->stripe_sectors_dirty + stripe); if (sectors_dirty == d->stripe_size) set_bit(stripe, d->full_dirty_stripes); else clear_bit(stripe, d->full_dirty_stripes); nr_sectors -= s; stripe_offset = 0; stripe++; } } static bool dirty_pred(struct keybuf *buf, struct bkey *k) { struct cached_dev *dc = container_of(buf, struct cached_dev, writeback_keys); BUG_ON(KEY_INODE(k) != dc->disk.id); return KEY_DIRTY(k); } static void refill_full_stripes(struct cached_dev *dc) { struct keybuf *buf = &dc->writeback_keys; unsigned int start_stripe, stripe, next_stripe; bool wrapped = false; stripe = offset_to_stripe(&dc->disk, KEY_OFFSET(&buf->last_scanned)); if (stripe >= dc->disk.nr_stripes) stripe = 0; start_stripe = stripe; while (1) { stripe = find_next_bit(dc->disk.full_dirty_stripes, dc->disk.nr_stripes, stripe); if (stripe == dc->disk.nr_stripes) goto next; next_stripe = find_next_zero_bit(dc->disk.full_dirty_stripes, dc->disk.nr_stripes, stripe); buf->last_scanned = KEY(dc->disk.id, stripe * dc->disk.stripe_size, 0); bch_refill_keybuf(dc->disk.c, buf, &KEY(dc->disk.id, next_stripe * dc->disk.stripe_size, 0), dirty_pred); if (array_freelist_empty(&buf->freelist)) return; stripe = next_stripe; next: if (wrapped && stripe > start_stripe) return; if (stripe == dc->disk.nr_stripes) { stripe = 0; wrapped = true; } } } /* * Returns true if we scanned the entire disk */ static bool refill_dirty(struct cached_dev *dc) { struct keybuf *buf = &dc->writeback_keys; struct bkey start = KEY(dc->disk.id, 0, 0); struct bkey end = KEY(dc->disk.id, MAX_KEY_OFFSET, 0); struct bkey start_pos; /* * make sure keybuf pos is inside the range for this disk - at bringup * we might not be attached yet so this disk's inode nr isn't * initialized then */ if (bkey_cmp(&buf->last_scanned, &start) < 0 || bkey_cmp(&buf->last_scanned, &end) > 0) buf->last_scanned = start; if (dc->partial_stripes_expensive) { refill_full_stripes(dc); if (array_freelist_empty(&buf->freelist)) return false; } start_pos = buf->last_scanned; bch_refill_keybuf(dc->disk.c, buf, &end, dirty_pred); if (bkey_cmp(&buf->last_scanned, &end) < 0) return false; /* * If we get to the end start scanning again from the beginning, and * only scan up to where we initially started scanning from: */ buf->last_scanned = start; bch_refill_keybuf(dc->disk.c, buf, &start_pos, dirty_pred); return bkey_cmp(&buf->last_scanned, &start_pos) >= 0; } static int bch_writeback_thread(void *arg) { struct cached_dev *dc = arg; struct cache_set *c = dc->disk.c; bool searched_full_index; bch_ratelimit_reset(&dc->writeback_rate); while (!kthread_should_stop() && !test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &c->flags)) { down_write(&dc->writeback_lock); set_current_state(TASK_INTERRUPTIBLE); /* * If the bache device is detaching, skip here and continue * to perform writeback. Otherwise, if no dirty data on cache, * or there is dirty data on cache but writeback is disabled, * the writeback thread should sleep here and wait for others * to wake up it. */ if (!test_bit(BCACHE_DEV_DETACHING, &dc->disk.flags) && (!atomic_read(&dc->has_dirty) || !dc->writeback_running)) { up_write(&dc->writeback_lock); if (kthread_should_stop() || test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &c->flags)) { set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); break; } schedule(); continue; } set_current_state(TASK_RUNNING); searched_full_index = refill_dirty(dc); if (searched_full_index && RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&dc->writeback_keys.keys)) { atomic_set(&dc->has_dirty, 0); SET_BDEV_STATE(&dc->sb, BDEV_STATE_CLEAN); bch_write_bdev_super(dc, NULL); /* * If bcache device is detaching via sysfs interface, * writeback thread should stop after there is no dirty * data on cache. BCACHE_DEV_DETACHING flag is set in * bch_cached_dev_detach(). */ if (test_bit(BCACHE_DEV_DETACHING, &dc->disk.flags)) { up_write(&dc->writeback_lock); break; } /* * When dirty data rate is high (e.g. 50%+), there might * be heavy buckets fragmentation after writeback * finished, which hurts following write performance. * If users really care about write performance they * may set BCH_ENABLE_AUTO_GC via sysfs, then when * BCH_DO_AUTO_GC is set, garbage collection thread * will be wake up here. After moving gc, the shrunk * btree and discarded free buckets SSD space may be * helpful for following write requests. */ if (c->gc_after_writeback == (BCH_ENABLE_AUTO_GC|BCH_DO_AUTO_GC)) { c->gc_after_writeback &= ~BCH_DO_AUTO_GC; force_wake_up_gc(c); } } up_write(&dc->writeback_lock); read_dirty(dc); if (searched_full_index) { unsigned int delay = dc->writeback_delay * HZ; while (delay && !kthread_should_stop() && !test_bit(CACHE_SET_IO_DISABLE, &c->flags) && !test_bit(BCACHE_DEV_DETACHING, &dc->disk.flags)) delay = schedule_timeout_interruptible(delay); bch_ratelimit_reset(&dc->writeback_rate); } } if (dc->writeback_write_wq) { flush_workqueue(dc->writeback_write_wq); destroy_workqueue(dc->writeback_write_wq); } cached_dev_put(dc); wait_for_kthread_stop(); return 0; } /* Init */ #define INIT_KEYS_EACH_TIME 500000 #define INIT_KEYS_SLEEP_MS 100 struct sectors_dirty_init { struct btree_op op; unsigned int inode; size_t count; struct bkey start; }; static int sectors_dirty_init_fn(struct btree_op *_op, struct btree *b, struct bkey *k) { struct sectors_dirty_init *op = container_of(_op, struct sectors_dirty_init, op); if (KEY_INODE(k) > op->inode) return MAP_DONE; if (KEY_DIRTY(k)) bcache_dev_sectors_dirty_add(b->c, KEY_INODE(k), KEY_START(k), KEY_SIZE(k)); op->count++; if (atomic_read(&b->c->search_inflight) && !(op->count % INIT_KEYS_EACH_TIME)) { bkey_copy_key(&op->start, k); return -EAGAIN; } return MAP_CONTINUE; } void bch_sectors_dirty_init(struct bcache_device *d) { struct sectors_dirty_init op; int ret; bch_btree_op_init(&op.op, -1); op.inode = d->id; op.count = 0; op.start = KEY(op.inode, 0, 0); do { ret = bch_btree_map_keys(&op.op, d->c, &op.start, sectors_dirty_init_fn, 0); if (ret == -EAGAIN) schedule_timeout_interruptible( msecs_to_jiffies(INIT_KEYS_SLEEP_MS)); else if (ret < 0) { pr_warn("sectors dirty init failed, ret=%d!", ret); break; } } while (ret == -EAGAIN); } void bch_cached_dev_writeback_init(struct cached_dev *dc) { sema_init(&dc->in_flight, 64); init_rwsem(&dc->writeback_lock); bch_keybuf_init(&dc->writeback_keys); dc->writeback_metadata = true; dc->writeback_running = false; dc->writeback_percent = 10; dc->writeback_delay = 30; atomic_long_set(&dc->writeback_rate.rate, 1024); dc->writeback_rate_minimum = 8; dc->writeback_rate_update_seconds = WRITEBACK_RATE_UPDATE_SECS_DEFAULT; dc->writeback_rate_p_term_inverse = 40; dc->writeback_rate_i_term_inverse = 10000; WARN_ON(test_and_clear_bit(BCACHE_DEV_WB_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags)); INIT_DELAYED_WORK(&dc->writeback_rate_update, update_writeback_rate); } int bch_cached_dev_writeback_start(struct cached_dev *dc) { dc->writeback_write_wq = alloc_workqueue("bcache_writeback_wq", WQ_MEM_RECLAIM, 0); if (!dc->writeback_write_wq) return -ENOMEM; cached_dev_get(dc); dc->writeback_thread = kthread_create(bch_writeback_thread, dc, "bcache_writeback"); if (IS_ERR(dc->writeback_thread)) { cached_dev_put(dc); destroy_workqueue(dc->writeback_write_wq); return PTR_ERR(dc->writeback_thread); } dc->writeback_running = true; WARN_ON(test_and_set_bit(BCACHE_DEV_WB_RUNNING, &dc->disk.flags)); schedule_delayed_work(&dc->writeback_rate_update, dc->writeback_rate_update_seconds * HZ); bch_writeback_queue(dc); return 0; }