/* * SPI master driver using generic bitbanged GPIO * * Copyright (C) 2006,2008 David Brownell * * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or * (at your option) any later version. * * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* * This bitbanging SPI master driver should help make systems usable * when a native hardware SPI engine is not available, perhaps because * its driver isn't yet working or because the I/O pins it requires * are used for other purposes. * * platform_device->driver_data ... points to spi_gpio * * spi->controller_state ... reserved for bitbang framework code * spi->controller_data ... holds chipselect GPIO * * spi->master->dev.driver_data ... points to spi_gpio->bitbang */ struct spi_gpio { struct spi_bitbang bitbang; struct spi_gpio_platform_data pdata; struct platform_device *pdev; unsigned long cs_gpios[0]; }; /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* * Because the overhead of going through four GPIO procedure calls * per transferred bit can make performance a problem, this code * is set up so that you can use it in either of two ways: * * - The slow generic way: set up platform_data to hold the GPIO * numbers used for MISO/MOSI/SCK, and issue procedure calls for * each of them. This driver can handle several such busses. * * - The quicker inlined way: only helps with platform GPIO code * that inlines operations for constant GPIOs. This can give * you tight (fast!) inner loops, but each such bus needs a * new driver. You'll define a new C file, with Makefile and * Kconfig support; the C code can be a total of six lines: * * #define DRIVER_NAME "myboard_spi2" * #define SPI_MISO_GPIO 119 * #define SPI_MOSI_GPIO 120 * #define SPI_SCK_GPIO 121 * #define SPI_N_CHIPSEL 4 * #include "spi-gpio.c" */ #ifndef DRIVER_NAME #define DRIVER_NAME "spi_gpio" #define GENERIC_BITBANG /* vs tight inlines */ /* all functions referencing these symbols must define pdata */ #define SPI_MISO_GPIO ((pdata)->miso) #define SPI_MOSI_GPIO ((pdata)->mosi) #define SPI_SCK_GPIO ((pdata)->sck) #define SPI_N_CHIPSEL ((pdata)->num_chipselect) #endif /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ static inline struct spi_gpio *__pure spi_to_spi_gpio(const struct spi_device *spi) { const struct spi_bitbang *bang; struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio; bang = spi_master_get_devdata(spi->master); spi_gpio = container_of(bang, struct spi_gpio, bitbang); return spi_gpio; } static inline struct spi_gpio_platform_data *__pure spi_to_pdata(const struct spi_device *spi) { return &spi_to_spi_gpio(spi)->pdata; } /* this is #defined to avoid unused-variable warnings when inlining */ #define pdata spi_to_pdata(spi) static inline void setsck(const struct spi_device *spi, int is_on) { gpio_set_value_cansleep(SPI_SCK_GPIO, is_on); } static inline void setmosi(const struct spi_device *spi, int is_on) { gpio_set_value_cansleep(SPI_MOSI_GPIO, is_on); } static inline int getmiso(const struct spi_device *spi) { return !!gpio_get_value_cansleep(SPI_MISO_GPIO); } #undef pdata /* * NOTE: this clocks "as fast as we can". It "should" be a function of the * requested device clock. Software overhead means we usually have trouble * reaching even one Mbit/sec (except when we can inline bitops), so for now * we'll just assume we never need additional per-bit slowdowns. */ #define spidelay(nsecs) do {} while (0) #include "spi-bitbang-txrx.h" /* * These functions can leverage inline expansion of GPIO calls to shrink * costs for a txrx bit, often by factors of around ten (by instruction * count). That is particularly visible for larger word sizes, but helps * even with default 8-bit words. * * REVISIT overheads calling these functions for each word also have * significant performance costs. Having txrx_bufs() calls that inline * the txrx_word() logic would help performance, e.g. on larger blocks * used with flash storage or MMC/SD. There should also be ways to make * GCC be less stupid about reloading registers inside the I/O loops, * even without inlined GPIO calls; __attribute__((hot)) on GCC 4.3? */ static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode0(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 0, 0, word, bits); } static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode1(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 0, 0, word, bits); } static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode2(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 1, 0, word, bits); } static u32 spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode3(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 1, 0, word, bits); } /* * These functions do not call setmosi or getmiso if respective flag * (SPI_MASTER_NO_RX or SPI_MASTER_NO_TX) is set, so they are safe to * call when such pin is not present or defined in the controller. * A separate set of callbacks is defined to get highest possible * speed in the generic case (when both MISO and MOSI lines are * available), as optimiser will remove the checks when argument is * constant. */ static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode0(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { unsigned flags = spi->master->flags; return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 0, flags, word, bits); } static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode1(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { unsigned flags = spi->master->flags; return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 0, flags, word, bits); } static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode2(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { unsigned flags = spi->master->flags; return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha0(spi, nsecs, 1, flags, word, bits); } static u32 spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode3(struct spi_device *spi, unsigned nsecs, u32 word, u8 bits) { unsigned flags = spi->master->flags; return bitbang_txrx_be_cpha1(spi, nsecs, 1, flags, word, bits); } /*----------------------------------------------------------------------*/ static void spi_gpio_chipselect(struct spi_device *spi, int is_active) { struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio = spi_to_spi_gpio(spi); unsigned long cs = spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select]; /* set initial clock polarity */ if (is_active) setsck(spi, spi->mode & SPI_CPOL); if (cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT) { /* SPI is normally active-low */ gpio_set_value_cansleep(cs, (spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH) ? is_active : !is_active); } } static int spi_gpio_setup(struct spi_device *spi) { unsigned long cs; int status = 0; struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio = spi_to_spi_gpio(spi); struct device_node *np = spi->master->dev.of_node; if (np) { /* * In DT environments, the CS GPIOs have already been * initialized from the "cs-gpios" property of the node. */ cs = spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select]; } else { /* * ... otherwise, take it from spi->controller_data */ cs = (uintptr_t) spi->controller_data; } if (!spi->controller_state) { if (cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT) { status = gpio_request(cs, dev_name(&spi->dev)); if (status) return status; status = gpio_direction_output(cs, !(spi->mode & SPI_CS_HIGH)); } } if (!status) { /* in case it was initialized from static board data */ spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select] = cs; status = spi_bitbang_setup(spi); } if (status) { if (!spi->controller_state && cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT) gpio_free(cs); } return status; } static void spi_gpio_cleanup(struct spi_device *spi) { struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio = spi_to_spi_gpio(spi); unsigned long cs = spi_gpio->cs_gpios[spi->chip_select]; if (cs != SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT) gpio_free(cs); spi_bitbang_cleanup(spi); } static int spi_gpio_alloc(unsigned pin, const char *label, bool is_in) { int value; value = gpio_request(pin, label); if (value == 0) { if (is_in) value = gpio_direction_input(pin); else value = gpio_direction_output(pin, 0); } return value; } static int spi_gpio_request(struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata, const char *label, u16 *res_flags) { int value; /* NOTE: SPI_*_GPIO symbols may reference "pdata" */ if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI) { value = spi_gpio_alloc(SPI_MOSI_GPIO, label, false); if (value) goto done; } else { /* HW configuration without MOSI pin */ *res_flags |= SPI_MASTER_NO_TX; } if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO) { value = spi_gpio_alloc(SPI_MISO_GPIO, label, true); if (value) goto free_mosi; } else { /* HW configuration without MISO pin */ *res_flags |= SPI_MASTER_NO_RX; } value = spi_gpio_alloc(SPI_SCK_GPIO, label, false); if (value) goto free_miso; goto done; free_miso: if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO) gpio_free(SPI_MISO_GPIO); free_mosi: if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI) gpio_free(SPI_MOSI_GPIO); done: return value; } #ifdef CONFIG_OF static const struct of_device_id spi_gpio_dt_ids[] = { { .compatible = "spi-gpio" }, {} }; MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, spi_gpio_dt_ids); static int spi_gpio_probe_dt(struct platform_device *pdev) { int ret; u32 tmp; struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata; struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node; const struct of_device_id *of_id = of_match_device(spi_gpio_dt_ids, &pdev->dev); if (!of_id) return 0; pdata = devm_kzalloc(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*pdata), GFP_KERNEL); if (!pdata) return -ENOMEM; ret = of_get_named_gpio(np, "gpio-sck", 0); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "gpio-sck property not found\n"); goto error_free; } pdata->sck = ret; ret = of_get_named_gpio(np, "gpio-miso", 0); if (ret < 0) { dev_info(&pdev->dev, "gpio-miso property not found, switching to no-rx mode\n"); pdata->miso = SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO; } else pdata->miso = ret; ret = of_get_named_gpio(np, "gpio-mosi", 0); if (ret < 0) { dev_info(&pdev->dev, "gpio-mosi property not found, switching to no-tx mode\n"); pdata->mosi = SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI; } else pdata->mosi = ret; ret = of_property_read_u32(np, "num-chipselects", &tmp); if (ret < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "num-chipselects property not found\n"); goto error_free; } pdata->num_chipselect = tmp; pdev->dev.platform_data = pdata; return 1; error_free: devm_kfree(&pdev->dev, pdata); return ret; } #else static inline int spi_gpio_probe_dt(struct platform_device *pdev) { return 0; } #endif static int spi_gpio_probe(struct platform_device *pdev) { int status; struct spi_master *master; struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio; struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata; u16 master_flags = 0; bool use_of = 0; int num_devices; status = spi_gpio_probe_dt(pdev); if (status < 0) return status; if (status > 0) use_of = 1; pdata = dev_get_platdata(&pdev->dev); #ifdef GENERIC_BITBANG if (!pdata || (!use_of && !pdata->num_chipselect)) return -ENODEV; #endif if (use_of && !SPI_N_CHIPSEL) num_devices = 1; else num_devices = SPI_N_CHIPSEL; status = spi_gpio_request(pdata, dev_name(&pdev->dev), &master_flags); if (status < 0) return status; master = spi_alloc_master(&pdev->dev, sizeof(*spi_gpio) + (sizeof(unsigned long) * num_devices)); if (!master) { status = -ENOMEM; goto gpio_free; } spi_gpio = spi_master_get_devdata(master); platform_set_drvdata(pdev, spi_gpio); spi_gpio->pdev = pdev; if (pdata) spi_gpio->pdata = *pdata; master->bits_per_word_mask = SPI_BPW_RANGE_MASK(1, 32); master->flags = master_flags; master->bus_num = pdev->id; master->num_chipselect = num_devices; master->setup = spi_gpio_setup; master->cleanup = spi_gpio_cleanup; #ifdef CONFIG_OF master->dev.of_node = pdev->dev.of_node; if (use_of) { int i; struct device_node *np = pdev->dev.of_node; /* * In DT environments, take the CS GPIO from the "cs-gpios" * property of the node. */ if (!SPI_N_CHIPSEL) spi_gpio->cs_gpios[0] = SPI_GPIO_NO_CHIPSELECT; else for (i = 0; i < SPI_N_CHIPSEL; i++) { status = of_get_named_gpio(np, "cs-gpios", i); if (status < 0) { dev_err(&pdev->dev, "invalid cs-gpios property\n"); goto gpio_free; } spi_gpio->cs_gpios[i] = status; } } #endif spi_gpio->bitbang.master = master; spi_gpio->bitbang.chipselect = spi_gpio_chipselect; if ((master_flags & (SPI_MASTER_NO_TX | SPI_MASTER_NO_RX)) == 0) { spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_0] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode0; spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_1] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode1; spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_2] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode2; spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_3] = spi_gpio_txrx_word_mode3; } else { spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_0] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode0; spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_1] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode1; spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_2] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode2; spi_gpio->bitbang.txrx_word[SPI_MODE_3] = spi_gpio_spec_txrx_word_mode3; } spi_gpio->bitbang.setup_transfer = spi_bitbang_setup_transfer; spi_gpio->bitbang.flags = SPI_CS_HIGH; status = spi_bitbang_start(&spi_gpio->bitbang); if (status < 0) { gpio_free: if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO) gpio_free(SPI_MISO_GPIO); if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI) gpio_free(SPI_MOSI_GPIO); gpio_free(SPI_SCK_GPIO); spi_master_put(master); } return status; } static int spi_gpio_remove(struct platform_device *pdev) { struct spi_gpio *spi_gpio; struct spi_gpio_platform_data *pdata; spi_gpio = platform_get_drvdata(pdev); pdata = dev_get_platdata(&pdev->dev); /* stop() unregisters child devices too */ spi_bitbang_stop(&spi_gpio->bitbang); if (SPI_MISO_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MISO) gpio_free(SPI_MISO_GPIO); if (SPI_MOSI_GPIO != SPI_GPIO_NO_MOSI) gpio_free(SPI_MOSI_GPIO); gpio_free(SPI_SCK_GPIO); spi_master_put(spi_gpio->bitbang.master); return 0; } MODULE_ALIAS("platform:" DRIVER_NAME); static struct platform_driver spi_gpio_driver = { .driver = { .name = DRIVER_NAME, .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(spi_gpio_dt_ids), }, .probe = spi_gpio_probe, .remove = spi_gpio_remove, }; module_platform_driver(spi_gpio_driver); MODULE_DESCRIPTION("SPI master driver using generic bitbanged GPIO "); MODULE_AUTHOR("David Brownell"); MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");