#include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include "internal.h" static struct page *no_page_table(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned int flags) { /* * When core dumping an enormous anonymous area that nobody * has touched so far, we don't want to allocate unnecessary pages or * page tables. Return error instead of NULL to skip handle_mm_fault, * then get_dump_page() will return NULL to leave a hole in the dump. * But we can only make this optimization where a hole would surely * be zero-filled if handle_mm_fault() actually did handle it. */ if ((flags & FOLL_DUMP) && (!vma->vm_ops || !vma->vm_ops->fault)) return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT); return NULL; } static struct page *follow_page_pte(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, pmd_t *pmd, unsigned int flags) { struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; struct page *page; spinlock_t *ptl; pte_t *ptep, pte; retry: if (unlikely(pmd_bad(*pmd))) return no_page_table(vma, flags); ptep = pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, &ptl); pte = *ptep; if (!pte_present(pte)) { swp_entry_t entry; /* * KSM's break_ksm() relies upon recognizing a ksm page * even while it is being migrated, so for that case we * need migration_entry_wait(). */ if (likely(!(flags & FOLL_MIGRATION))) goto no_page; if (pte_none(pte) || pte_file(pte)) goto no_page; entry = pte_to_swp_entry(pte); if (!is_migration_entry(entry)) goto no_page; pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); migration_entry_wait(mm, pmd, address); goto retry; } if ((flags & FOLL_NUMA) && pte_numa(pte)) goto no_page; if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !pte_write(pte)) { pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); return NULL; } page = vm_normal_page(vma, address, pte); if (unlikely(!page)) { if ((flags & FOLL_DUMP) || !is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(pte))) goto bad_page; page = pte_page(pte); } if (flags & FOLL_GET) get_page_foll(page); if (flags & FOLL_TOUCH) { if ((flags & FOLL_WRITE) && !pte_dirty(pte) && !PageDirty(page)) set_page_dirty(page); /* * pte_mkyoung() would be more correct here, but atomic care * is needed to avoid losing the dirty bit: it is easier to use * mark_page_accessed(). */ mark_page_accessed(page); } if ((flags & FOLL_MLOCK) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_LOCKED)) { /* * The preliminary mapping check is mainly to avoid the * pointless overhead of lock_page on the ZERO_PAGE * which might bounce very badly if there is contention. * * If the page is already locked, we don't need to * handle it now - vmscan will handle it later if and * when it attempts to reclaim the page. */ if (page->mapping && trylock_page(page)) { lru_add_drain(); /* push cached pages to LRU */ /* * Because we lock page here, and migration is * blocked by the pte's page reference, and we * know the page is still mapped, we don't even * need to check for file-cache page truncation. */ mlock_vma_page(page); unlock_page(page); } } pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); return page; bad_page: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); return ERR_PTR(-EFAULT); no_page: pte_unmap_unlock(ptep, ptl); if (!pte_none(pte)) return NULL; return no_page_table(vma, flags); } /** * follow_page_mask - look up a page descriptor from a user-virtual address * @vma: vm_area_struct mapping @address * @address: virtual address to look up * @flags: flags modifying lookup behaviour * @page_mask: on output, *page_mask is set according to the size of the page * * @flags can have FOLL_ flags set, defined in * * Returns the mapped (struct page *), %NULL if no mapping exists, or * an error pointer if there is a mapping to something not represented * by a page descriptor (see also vm_normal_page()). */ struct page *follow_page_mask(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned int flags, unsigned int *page_mask) { pgd_t *pgd; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; spinlock_t *ptl; struct page *page; struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; *page_mask = 0; page = follow_huge_addr(mm, address, flags & FOLL_WRITE); if (!IS_ERR(page)) { BUG_ON(flags & FOLL_GET); return page; } pgd = pgd_offset(mm, address); if (pgd_none(*pgd) || unlikely(pgd_bad(*pgd))) return no_page_table(vma, flags); pud = pud_offset(pgd, address); if (pud_none(*pud)) return no_page_table(vma, flags); if (pud_huge(*pud) && vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGETLB) { if (flags & FOLL_GET) return NULL; page = follow_huge_pud(mm, address, pud, flags & FOLL_WRITE); return page; } if (unlikely(pud_bad(*pud))) return no_page_table(vma, flags); pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (pmd_none(*pmd)) return no_page_table(vma, flags); if (pmd_huge(*pmd) && vma->vm_flags & VM_HUGETLB) { page = follow_huge_pmd(mm, address, pmd, flags & FOLL_WRITE); if (flags & FOLL_GET) { /* * Refcount on tail pages are not well-defined and * shouldn't be taken. The caller should handle a NULL * return when trying to follow tail pages. */ if (PageHead(page)) get_page(page); else page = NULL; } return page; } if ((flags & FOLL_NUMA) && pmd_numa(*pmd)) return no_page_table(vma, flags); if (pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)) { if (flags & FOLL_SPLIT) { split_huge_page_pmd(vma, address, pmd); return follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags); } ptl = pmd_lock(mm, pmd); if (likely(pmd_trans_huge(*pmd))) { if (unlikely(pmd_trans_splitting(*pmd))) { spin_unlock(ptl); wait_split_huge_page(vma->anon_vma, pmd); } else { page = follow_trans_huge_pmd(vma, address, pmd, flags); spin_unlock(ptl); *page_mask = HPAGE_PMD_NR - 1; return page; } } else spin_unlock(ptl); } return follow_page_pte(vma, address, pmd, flags); } static int get_gate_page(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address, unsigned int gup_flags, struct vm_area_struct **vma, struct page **page) { pgd_t *pgd; pud_t *pud; pmd_t *pmd; pte_t *pte; int ret = -EFAULT; /* user gate pages are read-only */ if (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE) return -EFAULT; if (address > TASK_SIZE) pgd = pgd_offset_k(address); else pgd = pgd_offset_gate(mm, address); BUG_ON(pgd_none(*pgd)); pud = pud_offset(pgd, address); BUG_ON(pud_none(*pud)); pmd = pmd_offset(pud, address); if (pmd_none(*pmd)) return -EFAULT; VM_BUG_ON(pmd_trans_huge(*pmd)); pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, address); if (pte_none(*pte)) goto unmap; *vma = get_gate_vma(mm); if (!page) goto out; *page = vm_normal_page(*vma, address, *pte); if (!*page) { if ((gup_flags & FOLL_DUMP) || !is_zero_pfn(pte_pfn(*pte))) goto unmap; *page = pte_page(*pte); } get_page(*page); out: ret = 0; unmap: pte_unmap(pte); return ret; } /* * mmap_sem must be held on entry. If @nonblocking != NULL and * *@flags does not include FOLL_NOWAIT, the mmap_sem may be released. * If it is, *@nonblocking will be set to 0 and -EBUSY returned. */ static int faultin_page(struct task_struct *tsk, struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address, unsigned int *flags, int *nonblocking) { struct mm_struct *mm = vma->vm_mm; unsigned int fault_flags = 0; int ret; /* For mlock, just skip the stack guard page. */ if ((*flags & FOLL_MLOCK) && (stack_guard_page_start(vma, address) || stack_guard_page_end(vma, address + PAGE_SIZE))) return -ENOENT; if (*flags & FOLL_WRITE) fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_WRITE; if (nonblocking) fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY; if (*flags & FOLL_NOWAIT) fault_flags |= FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY | FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT; ret = handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, fault_flags); if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) { if (ret & VM_FAULT_OOM) return -ENOMEM; if (ret & (VM_FAULT_HWPOISON | VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)) return *flags & FOLL_HWPOISON ? -EHWPOISON : -EFAULT; if (ret & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS) return -EFAULT; BUG(); } if (tsk) { if (ret & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) tsk->maj_flt++; else tsk->min_flt++; } if (ret & VM_FAULT_RETRY) { if (nonblocking) *nonblocking = 0; return -EBUSY; } /* * The VM_FAULT_WRITE bit tells us that do_wp_page has broken COW when * necessary, even if maybe_mkwrite decided not to set pte_write. We * can thus safely do subsequent page lookups as if they were reads. * But only do so when looping for pte_write is futile: in some cases * userspace may also be wanting to write to the gotten user page, * which a read fault here might prevent (a readonly page might get * reCOWed by userspace write). */ if ((ret & VM_FAULT_WRITE) && !(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) *flags &= ~FOLL_WRITE; return 0; } static int check_vma_flags(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long gup_flags) { vm_flags_t vm_flags = vma->vm_flags; if (vm_flags & (VM_IO | VM_PFNMAP)) return -EFAULT; if (gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE) { if (!(vm_flags & VM_WRITE)) { if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE)) return -EFAULT; /* * We used to let the write,force case do COW in a * VM_MAYWRITE VM_SHARED !VM_WRITE vma, so ptrace could * set a breakpoint in a read-only mapping of an * executable, without corrupting the file (yet only * when that file had been opened for writing!). * Anon pages in shared mappings are surprising: now * just reject it. */ if (!is_cow_mapping(vm_flags)) { WARN_ON_ONCE(vm_flags & VM_MAYWRITE); return -EFAULT; } } } else if (!(vm_flags & VM_READ)) { if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE)) return -EFAULT; /* * Is there actually any vma we can reach here which does not * have VM_MAYREAD set? */ if (!(vm_flags & VM_MAYREAD)) return -EFAULT; } return 0; } /** * __get_user_pages() - pin user pages in memory * @tsk: task_struct of target task * @mm: mm_struct of target mm * @start: starting user address * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin * @gup_flags: flags modifying pin behaviour * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned. * Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller * only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in. * @vmas: array of pointers to vmas corresponding to each page. * Or NULL if the caller does not require them. * @nonblocking: whether waiting for disk IO or mmap_sem contention * * Returns number of pages pinned. This may be fewer than the number * requested. If nr_pages is 0 or negative, returns 0. If no pages * were pinned, returns -errno. Each page returned must be released * with a put_page() call when it is finished with. vmas will only * remain valid while mmap_sem is held. * * Must be called with mmap_sem held. It may be released. See below. * * __get_user_pages walks a process's page tables and takes a reference to * each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given * instant. That is, it takes the page that would be accessed if a user * thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant. * * This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when * __get_user_pages returns, and there may even be a completely different * page there in some cases (eg. if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated * and subsequently re faulted). However it does guarantee that the page * won't be freed completely. And mostly callers simply care that the page * contains data that was valid *at some point in time*. Typically, an IO * or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because * locks can't be held over the syscall boundary. * * If @gup_flags & FOLL_WRITE == 0, the page must not be written to. If * the page is written to, set_page_dirty (or set_page_dirty_lock, as * appropriate) must be called after the page is finished with, and * before put_page is called. * * If @nonblocking != NULL, __get_user_pages will not wait for disk IO * or mmap_sem contention, and if waiting is needed to pin all pages, * *@nonblocking will be set to 0. Further, if @gup_flags does not * include FOLL_NOWAIT, the mmap_sem will be released via up_read() in * this case. * * A caller using such a combination of @nonblocking and @gup_flags * must therefore hold the mmap_sem for reading only, and recognize * when it's been released. Otherwise, it must be held for either * reading or writing and will not be released. * * In most cases, get_user_pages or get_user_pages_fast should be used * instead of __get_user_pages. __get_user_pages should be used only if * you need some special @gup_flags. */ long __get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages, unsigned int gup_flags, struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas, int *nonblocking) { long i = 0; unsigned int page_mask; struct vm_area_struct *vma = NULL; if (!nr_pages) return 0; VM_BUG_ON(!!pages != !!(gup_flags & FOLL_GET)); /* * If FOLL_FORCE is set then do not force a full fault as the hinting * fault information is unrelated to the reference behaviour of a task * using the address space */ if (!(gup_flags & FOLL_FORCE)) gup_flags |= FOLL_NUMA; do { struct page *page; unsigned int foll_flags = gup_flags; unsigned int page_increm; /* first iteration or cross vma bound */ if (!vma || start >= vma->vm_end) { vma = find_extend_vma(mm, start); if (!vma && in_gate_area(mm, start)) { int ret; ret = get_gate_page(mm, start & PAGE_MASK, gup_flags, &vma, pages ? &pages[i] : NULL); if (ret) return i ? : ret; page_mask = 0; goto next_page; } if (!vma || check_vma_flags(vma, gup_flags)) return i ? : -EFAULT; if (is_vm_hugetlb_page(vma)) { i = follow_hugetlb_page(mm, vma, pages, vmas, &start, &nr_pages, i, gup_flags); continue; } } retry: /* * If we have a pending SIGKILL, don't keep faulting pages and * potentially allocating memory. */ if (unlikely(fatal_signal_pending(current))) return i ? i : -ERESTARTSYS; cond_resched(); page = follow_page_mask(vma, start, foll_flags, &page_mask); if (!page) { int ret; ret = faultin_page(tsk, vma, start, &foll_flags, nonblocking); switch (ret) { case 0: goto retry; case -EFAULT: case -ENOMEM: case -EHWPOISON: return i ? i : ret; case -EBUSY: return i; case -ENOENT: goto next_page; } BUG(); } if (IS_ERR(page)) return i ? i : PTR_ERR(page); if (pages) { pages[i] = page; flush_anon_page(vma, page, start); flush_dcache_page(page); page_mask = 0; } next_page: if (vmas) { vmas[i] = vma; page_mask = 0; } page_increm = 1 + (~(start >> PAGE_SHIFT) & page_mask); if (page_increm > nr_pages) page_increm = nr_pages; i += page_increm; start += page_increm * PAGE_SIZE; nr_pages -= page_increm; } while (nr_pages); return i; } EXPORT_SYMBOL(__get_user_pages); /* * fixup_user_fault() - manually resolve a user page fault * @tsk: the task_struct to use for page fault accounting, or * NULL if faults are not to be recorded. * @mm: mm_struct of target mm * @address: user address * @fault_flags:flags to pass down to handle_mm_fault() * * This is meant to be called in the specific scenario where for locking reasons * we try to access user memory in atomic context (within a pagefault_disable() * section), this returns -EFAULT, and we want to resolve the user fault before * trying again. * * Typically this is meant to be used by the futex code. * * The main difference with get_user_pages() is that this function will * unconditionally call handle_mm_fault() which will in turn perform all the * necessary SW fixup of the dirty and young bits in the PTE, while * handle_mm_fault() only guarantees to update these in the struct page. * * This is important for some architectures where those bits also gate the * access permission to the page because they are maintained in software. On * such architectures, gup() will not be enough to make a subsequent access * succeed. * * This has the same semantics wrt the @mm->mmap_sem as does filemap_fault(). */ int fixup_user_fault(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address, unsigned int fault_flags) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; vm_flags_t vm_flags; int ret; vma = find_extend_vma(mm, address); if (!vma || address < vma->vm_start) return -EFAULT; vm_flags = (fault_flags & FAULT_FLAG_WRITE) ? VM_WRITE : VM_READ; if (!(vm_flags & vma->vm_flags)) return -EFAULT; ret = handle_mm_fault(mm, vma, address, fault_flags); if (ret & VM_FAULT_ERROR) { if (ret & VM_FAULT_OOM) return -ENOMEM; if (ret & (VM_FAULT_HWPOISON | VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)) return -EHWPOISON; if (ret & VM_FAULT_SIGBUS) return -EFAULT; BUG(); } if (tsk) { if (ret & VM_FAULT_MAJOR) tsk->maj_flt++; else tsk->min_flt++; } return 0; } /* * get_user_pages() - pin user pages in memory * @tsk: the task_struct to use for page fault accounting, or * NULL if faults are not to be recorded. * @mm: mm_struct of target mm * @start: starting user address * @nr_pages: number of pages from start to pin * @write: whether pages will be written to by the caller * @force: whether to force access even when user mapping is currently * protected (but never forces write access to shared mapping). * @pages: array that receives pointers to the pages pinned. * Should be at least nr_pages long. Or NULL, if caller * only intends to ensure the pages are faulted in. * @vmas: array of pointers to vmas corresponding to each page. * Or NULL if the caller does not require them. * * Returns number of pages pinned. This may be fewer than the number * requested. If nr_pages is 0 or negative, returns 0. If no pages * were pinned, returns -errno. Each page returned must be released * with a put_page() call when it is finished with. vmas will only * remain valid while mmap_sem is held. * * Must be called with mmap_sem held for read or write. * * get_user_pages walks a process's page tables and takes a reference to * each struct page that each user address corresponds to at a given * instant. That is, it takes the page that would be accessed if a user * thread accesses the given user virtual address at that instant. * * This does not guarantee that the page exists in the user mappings when * get_user_pages returns, and there may even be a completely different * page there in some cases (eg. if mmapped pagecache has been invalidated * and subsequently re faulted). However it does guarantee that the page * won't be freed completely. And mostly callers simply care that the page * contains data that was valid *at some point in time*. Typically, an IO * or similar operation cannot guarantee anything stronger anyway because * locks can't be held over the syscall boundary. * * If write=0, the page must not be written to. If the page is written to, * set_page_dirty (or set_page_dirty_lock, as appropriate) must be called * after the page is finished with, and before put_page is called. * * get_user_pages is typically used for fewer-copy IO operations, to get a * handle on the memory by some means other than accesses via the user virtual * addresses. The pages may be submitted for DMA to devices or accessed via * their kernel linear mapping (via the kmap APIs). Care should be taken to * use the correct cache flushing APIs. * * See also get_user_pages_fast, for performance critical applications. */ long get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long start, unsigned long nr_pages, int write, int force, struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas) { int flags = FOLL_TOUCH; if (pages) flags |= FOLL_GET; if (write) flags |= FOLL_WRITE; if (force) flags |= FOLL_FORCE; return __get_user_pages(tsk, mm, start, nr_pages, flags, pages, vmas, NULL); } EXPORT_SYMBOL(get_user_pages); /** * get_dump_page() - pin user page in memory while writing it to core dump * @addr: user address * * Returns struct page pointer of user page pinned for dump, * to be freed afterwards by page_cache_release() or put_page(). * * Returns NULL on any kind of failure - a hole must then be inserted into * the corefile, to preserve alignment with its headers; and also returns * NULL wherever the ZERO_PAGE, or an anonymous pte_none, has been found - * allowing a hole to be left in the corefile to save diskspace. * * Called without mmap_sem, but after all other threads have been killed. */ #ifdef CONFIG_ELF_CORE struct page *get_dump_page(unsigned long addr) { struct vm_area_struct *vma; struct page *page; if (__get_user_pages(current, current->mm, addr, 1, FOLL_FORCE | FOLL_DUMP | FOLL_GET, &page, &vma, NULL) < 1) return NULL; flush_cache_page(vma, addr, page_to_pfn(page)); return page; } #endif /* CONFIG_ELF_CORE */