aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/mm/vmstat.c
blob: dc005a0c96ae5a0162b9da79e43d663c61c9422a (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
/*
 *  linux/mm/vmstat.c
 *
 *  Manages VM statistics
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994  Linus Torvalds
 *
 *  zoned VM statistics
 *  Copyright (C) 2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.,
 *		Christoph Lameter <christoph@lameter.com>
 */

#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/cpu.h>

void __get_zone_counts(unsigned long *active, unsigned long *inactive,
			unsigned long *free, struct pglist_data *pgdat)
{
	struct zone *zones = pgdat->node_zones;
	int i;

	*active = 0;
	*inactive = 0;
	*free = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < MAX_NR_ZONES; i++) {
		*active += zones[i].nr_active;
		*inactive += zones[i].nr_inactive;
		*free += zones[i].free_pages;
	}
}

void get_zone_counts(unsigned long *active,
		unsigned long *inactive, unsigned long *free)
{
	struct pglist_data *pgdat;

	*active = 0;
	*inactive = 0;
	*free = 0;
	for_each_online_pgdat(pgdat) {
		unsigned long l, m, n;
		__get_zone_counts(&l, &m, &n, pgdat);
		*active += l;
		*inactive += m;
		*free += n;
	}
}

#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
DEFINE_PER_CPU(struct vm_event_state, vm_event_states) = {{0}};
EXPORT_PER_CPU_SYMBOL(vm_event_states);

static void sum_vm_events(unsigned long *ret, cpumask_t *cpumask)
{
	int cpu = 0;
	int i;

	memset(ret, 0, NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long));

	cpu = first_cpu(*cpumask);
	while (cpu < NR_CPUS) {
		struct vm_event_state *this = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);

		cpu = next_cpu(cpu, *cpumask);

		if (cpu < NR_CPUS)
			prefetch(&per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu));


		for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++)
			ret[i] += this->event[i];
	}
}

/*
 * Accumulate the vm event counters across all CPUs.
 * The result is unavoidably approximate - it can change
 * during and after execution of this function.
*/
void all_vm_events(unsigned long *ret)
{
	sum_vm_events(ret, &cpu_online_map);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(all_vm_events);

#ifdef CONFIG_HOTPLUG
/*
 * Fold the foreign cpu events into our own.
 *
 * This is adding to the events on one processor
 * but keeps the global counts constant.
 */
void vm_events_fold_cpu(int cpu)
{
	struct vm_event_state *fold_state = &per_cpu(vm_event_states, cpu);
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_EVENT_ITEMS; i++) {
		count_vm_events(i, fold_state->event[i]);
		fold_state->event[i] = 0;
	}
}
#endif /* CONFIG_HOTPLUG */

#endif /* CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS */

/*
 * Manage combined zone based / global counters
 *
 * vm_stat contains the global counters
 */
atomic_long_t vm_stat[NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS];
EXPORT_SYMBOL(vm_stat);

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP

static int calculate_threshold(struct zone *zone)
{
	int threshold;
	int mem;	/* memory in 128 MB units */

	/*
	 * The threshold scales with the number of processors and the amount
	 * of memory per zone. More memory means that we can defer updates for
	 * longer, more processors could lead to more contention.
 	 * fls() is used to have a cheap way of logarithmic scaling.
	 *
	 * Some sample thresholds:
	 *
	 * Threshold	Processors	(fls)	Zonesize	fls(mem+1)
	 * ------------------------------------------------------------------
	 * 8		1		1	0.9-1 GB	4
	 * 16		2		2	0.9-1 GB	4
	 * 20 		2		2	1-2 GB		5
	 * 24		2		2	2-4 GB		6
	 * 28		2		2	4-8 GB		7
	 * 32		2		2	8-16 GB		8
	 * 4		2		2	<128M		1
	 * 30		4		3	2-4 GB		5
	 * 48		4		3	8-16 GB		8
	 * 32		8		4	1-2 GB		4
	 * 32		8		4	0.9-1GB		4
	 * 10		16		5	<128M		1
	 * 40		16		5	900M		4
	 * 70		64		7	2-4 GB		5
	 * 84		64		7	4-8 GB		6
	 * 108		512		9	4-8 GB		6
	 * 125		1024		10	8-16 GB		8
	 * 125		1024		10	16-32 GB	9
	 */

	mem = zone->present_pages >> (27 - PAGE_SHIFT);

	threshold = 2 * fls(num_online_cpus()) * (1 + fls(mem));

	/*
	 * Maximum threshold is 125
	 */
	threshold = min(125, threshold);

	return threshold;
}

/*
 * Refresh the thresholds for each zone.
 */
static void refresh_zone_stat_thresholds(void)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	int cpu;
	int threshold;

	for_each_zone(zone) {

		if (!zone->present_pages)
			continue;

		threshold = calculate_threshold(zone);

		for_each_online_cpu(cpu)
			zone_pcp(zone, cpu)->stat_threshold = threshold;
	}
}

/*
 * For use when we know that interrupts are disabled.
 */
void __mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
				int delta)
{
	struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
	s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;
	long x;

	x = delta + *p;

	if (unlikely(x > pcp->stat_threshold || x < -pcp->stat_threshold)) {
		zone_page_state_add(x, zone, item);
		x = 0;
	}
	*p = x;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__mod_zone_page_state);

/*
 * For an unknown interrupt state
 */
void mod_zone_page_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item,
					int delta)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	__mod_zone_page_state(zone, item, delta);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(mod_zone_page_state);

/*
 * Optimized increment and decrement functions.
 *
 * These are only for a single page and therefore can take a struct page *
 * argument instead of struct zone *. This allows the inclusion of the code
 * generated for page_zone(page) into the optimized functions.
 *
 * No overflow check is necessary and therefore the differential can be
 * incremented or decremented in place which may allow the compilers to
 * generate better code.
 * The increment or decrement is known and therefore one boundary check can
 * be omitted.
 *
 * NOTE: These functions are very performance sensitive. Change only
 * with care.
 *
 * Some processors have inc/dec instructions that are atomic vs an interrupt.
 * However, the code must first determine the differential location in a zone
 * based on the processor number and then inc/dec the counter. There is no
 * guarantee without disabling preemption that the processor will not change
 * in between and therefore the atomicity vs. interrupt cannot be exploited
 * in a useful way here.
 */
static void __inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
	struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
	s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;

	(*p)++;

	if (unlikely(*p > pcp->stat_threshold)) {
		int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;

		zone_page_state_add(*p + overstep, zone, item);
		*p = -overstep;
	}
}

void __inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
	__inc_zone_state(page_zone(page), item);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__inc_zone_page_state);

void __dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
	struct zone *zone = page_zone(page);
	struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp = zone_pcp(zone, smp_processor_id());
	s8 *p = pcp->vm_stat_diff + item;

	(*p)--;

	if (unlikely(*p < - pcp->stat_threshold)) {
		int overstep = pcp->stat_threshold / 2;

		zone_page_state_add(*p - overstep, zone, item);
		*p = overstep;
	}
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(__dec_zone_page_state);

void inc_zone_state(struct zone *zone, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	__inc_zone_state(zone, item);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}

void inc_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
	unsigned long flags;
	struct zone *zone;

	zone = page_zone(page);
	local_irq_save(flags);
	__inc_zone_state(zone, item);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(inc_zone_page_state);

void dec_zone_page_state(struct page *page, enum zone_stat_item item)
{
	unsigned long flags;

	local_irq_save(flags);
	__dec_zone_page_state(page, item);
	local_irq_restore(flags);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(dec_zone_page_state);

/*
 * Update the zone counters for one cpu.
 */
void refresh_cpu_vm_stats(int cpu)
{
	struct zone *zone;
	int i;
	unsigned long flags;

	for_each_zone(zone) {
		struct per_cpu_pageset *pcp;

		if (!populated_zone(zone))
			continue;

		pcp = zone_pcp(zone, cpu);

		for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
			if (pcp->vm_stat_diff[i]) {
				local_irq_save(flags);
				zone_page_state_add(pcp->vm_stat_diff[i],
					zone, i);
				pcp->vm_stat_diff[i] = 0;
				local_irq_restore(flags);
			}
	}
}

static void __refresh_cpu_vm_stats(void *dummy)
{
	refresh_cpu_vm_stats(smp_processor_id());
}

/*
 * Consolidate all counters.
 *
 * Note that the result is less inaccurate but still inaccurate
 * if concurrent processes are allowed to run.
 */
void refresh_vm_stats(void)
{
	on_each_cpu(__refresh_cpu_vm_stats, NULL, 0, 1);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(refresh_vm_stats);

#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
/*
 * zonelist = the list of zones passed to the allocator
 * z 	    = the zone from which the allocation occurred.
 *
 * Must be called with interrupts disabled.
 */
void zone_statistics(struct zonelist *zonelist, struct zone *z)
{
	if (z->zone_pgdat == zonelist->zones[0]->zone_pgdat) {
		__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_HIT);
	} else {
		__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_MISS);
		__inc_zone_state(zonelist->zones[0], NUMA_FOREIGN);
	}
	if (z->node == numa_node_id())
		__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_LOCAL);
	else
		__inc_zone_state(z, NUMA_OTHER);
}
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS

#include <linux/seq_file.h>

static void *frag_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat;
	loff_t node = *pos;
	for (pgdat = first_online_pgdat();
	     pgdat && node;
	     pgdat = next_online_pgdat(pgdat))
		--node;

	return pgdat;
}

static void *frag_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;

	(*pos)++;
	return next_online_pgdat(pgdat);
}

static void frag_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
}

/*
 * This walks the free areas for each zone.
 */
static int frag_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = (pg_data_t *)arg;
	struct zone *zone;
	struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
	unsigned long flags;
	int order;

	for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; ++zone) {
		if (!populated_zone(zone))
			continue;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s ", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
		for (order = 0; order < MAX_ORDER; ++order)
			seq_printf(m, "%6lu ", zone->free_area[order].nr_free);
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
		seq_putc(m, '\n');
	}
	return 0;
}

const struct seq_operations fragmentation_op = {
	.start	= frag_start,
	.next	= frag_next,
	.stop	= frag_stop,
	.show	= frag_show,
};

#ifdef CONFIG_ZONE_DMA32
#define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_dma32",
#else
#define TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx)
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
#define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx) xx "_high",
#else
#define TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx)
#endif

#define TEXTS_FOR_ZONES(xx) xx "_dma", TEXT_FOR_DMA32(xx) xx "_normal", \
					TEXT_FOR_HIGHMEM(xx)

static const char * const vmstat_text[] = {
	/* Zoned VM counters */
	"nr_anon_pages",
	"nr_mapped",
	"nr_file_pages",
	"nr_slab_reclaimable",
	"nr_slab_unreclaimable",
	"nr_page_table_pages",
	"nr_dirty",
	"nr_writeback",
	"nr_unstable",
	"nr_bounce",
	"nr_vmscan_write",

#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
	"numa_hit",
	"numa_miss",
	"numa_foreign",
	"numa_interleave",
	"numa_local",
	"numa_other",
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
	"pgpgin",
	"pgpgout",
	"pswpin",
	"pswpout",

	TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgalloc")

	"pgfree",
	"pgactivate",
	"pgdeactivate",

	"pgfault",
	"pgmajfault",

	TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgrefill")
	TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgsteal")
	TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_kswapd")
	TEXTS_FOR_ZONES("pgscan_direct")

	"pginodesteal",
	"slabs_scanned",
	"kswapd_steal",
	"kswapd_inodesteal",
	"pageoutrun",
	"allocstall",

	"pgrotated",
#endif
};

/*
 * Output information about zones in @pgdat.
 */
static int zoneinfo_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
	pg_data_t *pgdat = arg;
	struct zone *zone;
	struct zone *node_zones = pgdat->node_zones;
	unsigned long flags;

	for (zone = node_zones; zone - node_zones < MAX_NR_ZONES; zone++) {
		int i;

		if (!populated_zone(zone))
			continue;

		spin_lock_irqsave(&zone->lock, flags);
		seq_printf(m, "Node %d, zone %8s", pgdat->node_id, zone->name);
		seq_printf(m,
			   "\n  pages free     %lu"
			   "\n        min      %lu"
			   "\n        low      %lu"
			   "\n        high     %lu"
			   "\n        active   %lu"
			   "\n        inactive %lu"
			   "\n        scanned  %lu (a: %lu i: %lu)"
			   "\n        spanned  %lu"
			   "\n        present  %lu",
			   zone->free_pages,
			   zone->pages_min,
			   zone->pages_low,
			   zone->pages_high,
			   zone->nr_active,
			   zone->nr_inactive,
			   zone->pages_scanned,
			   zone->nr_scan_active, zone->nr_scan_inactive,
			   zone->spanned_pages,
			   zone->present_pages);

		for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
			seq_printf(m, "\n    %-12s %lu", vmstat_text[i],
					zone_page_state(zone, i));

		seq_printf(m,
			   "\n        protection: (%lu",
			   zone->lowmem_reserve[0]);
		for (i = 1; i < ARRAY_SIZE(zone->lowmem_reserve); i++)
			seq_printf(m, ", %lu", zone->lowmem_reserve[i]);
		seq_printf(m,
			   ")"
			   "\n  pagesets");
		for_each_online_cpu(i) {
			struct per_cpu_pageset *pageset;
			int j;

			pageset = zone_pcp(zone, i);
			for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pageset->pcp); j++) {
				if (pageset->pcp[j].count)
					break;
			}
			if (j == ARRAY_SIZE(pageset->pcp))
				continue;
			for (j = 0; j < ARRAY_SIZE(pageset->pcp); j++) {
				seq_printf(m,
					   "\n    cpu: %i pcp: %i"
					   "\n              count: %i"
					   "\n              high:  %i"
					   "\n              batch: %i",
					   i, j,
					   pageset->pcp[j].count,
					   pageset->pcp[j].high,
					   pageset->pcp[j].batch);
			}
#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
			seq_printf(m, "\n  vm stats threshold: %d",
					pageset->stat_threshold);
#endif
		}
		seq_printf(m,
			   "\n  all_unreclaimable: %u"
			   "\n  prev_priority:     %i"
			   "\n  start_pfn:         %lu",
			   zone->all_unreclaimable,
			   zone->prev_priority,
			   zone->zone_start_pfn);
		spin_unlock_irqrestore(&zone->lock, flags);
		seq_putc(m, '\n');
	}
	return 0;
}

const struct seq_operations zoneinfo_op = {
	.start	= frag_start, /* iterate over all zones. The same as in
			       * fragmentation. */
	.next	= frag_next,
	.stop	= frag_stop,
	.show	= zoneinfo_show,
};

static void *vmstat_start(struct seq_file *m, loff_t *pos)
{
	unsigned long *v;
#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
	unsigned long *e;
#endif
	int i;

	if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
		return NULL;

#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
	v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long)
			+ sizeof(struct vm_event_state), GFP_KERNEL);
#else
	v = kmalloc(NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS * sizeof(unsigned long),
			GFP_KERNEL);
#endif
	m->private = v;
	if (!v)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	for (i = 0; i < NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS; i++)
		v[i] = global_page_state(i);
#ifdef CONFIG_VM_EVENT_COUNTERS
	e = v + NR_VM_ZONE_STAT_ITEMS;
	all_vm_events(e);
	e[PGPGIN] /= 2;		/* sectors -> kbytes */
	e[PGPGOUT] /= 2;
#endif
	return v + *pos;
}

static void *vmstat_next(struct seq_file *m, void *arg, loff_t *pos)
{
	(*pos)++;
	if (*pos >= ARRAY_SIZE(vmstat_text))
		return NULL;
	return (unsigned long *)m->private + *pos;
}

static int vmstat_show(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
	unsigned long *l = arg;
	unsigned long off = l - (unsigned long *)m->private;

	seq_printf(m, "%s %lu\n", vmstat_text[off], *l);
	return 0;
}

static void vmstat_stop(struct seq_file *m, void *arg)
{
	kfree(m->private);
	m->private = NULL;
}

const struct seq_operations vmstat_op = {
	.start	= vmstat_start,
	.next	= vmstat_next,
	.stop	= vmstat_stop,
	.show	= vmstat_show,
};

#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

#ifdef CONFIG_SMP
/*
 * Use the cpu notifier to insure that the thresholds are recalculated
 * when necessary.
 */
static int __cpuinit vmstat_cpuup_callback(struct notifier_block *nfb,
		unsigned long action,
		void *hcpu)
{
	switch (action) {
	case CPU_UP_PREPARE:
	case CPU_UP_CANCELED:
	case CPU_DEAD:
		refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}
	return NOTIFY_OK;
}

static struct notifier_block __cpuinitdata vmstat_notifier =
	{ &vmstat_cpuup_callback, NULL, 0 };

int __init setup_vmstat(void)
{
	refresh_zone_stat_thresholds();
	register_cpu_notifier(&vmstat_notifier);
	return 0;
}
module_init(setup_vmstat)
#endif