aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/security/seclvl.c
blob: 8f6291991fbcb165fee06155e390027bbbcabd67 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
/**
 * BSD Secure Levels LSM
 *
 * Maintainers:
 *	Michael A. Halcrow <mike@halcrow.us>
 *	Serge Hallyn <hallyn@cs.wm.edu>
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2001 WireX Communications, Inc <chris@wirex.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2001 Greg Kroah-Hartman <greg@kroah.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2002 International Business Machines <robb@austin.ibm.com>
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Davi E. M. Arnaut <davi.arnaut@gmail.com>
 *
 *	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *	it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *	the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *	(at your option) any later version.
 */

#include <linux/err.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/netlink.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/namei.h>
#include <linux/mount.h>
#include <linux/capability.h>
#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/kobject.h>
#include <linux/crypto.h>
#include <asm/scatterlist.h>
#include <linux/scatterlist.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/sysfs.h>

#define SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE 20

/**
 * Module parameter that defines the initial secure level.
 *
 * When built as a module, it defaults to seclvl 1, which is the
 * behavior of BSD secure levels.  Note that this default behavior
 * wrecks havoc on a machine when the seclvl module is compiled into
 * the kernel.	In that case, we default to seclvl 0.
 */
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY_SECLVL_MODULE
static int initlvl = 1;
#else
static int initlvl;
#endif
module_param(initlvl, int, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(initlvl, "Initial secure level (defaults to 1)");

/* Module parameter that defines the verbosity level */
static int verbosity;
module_param(verbosity, int, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(verbosity, "Initial verbosity level (0 or 1; defaults to "
		 "0, which is Quiet)");

/**
 * Optional password which can be passed in to bring seclvl to 0
 * (i.e., for halt/reboot).  Defaults to NULL (the passwd attribute
 * file will not be registered in sysfs).
 *
 * This gets converted to its SHA1 hash when stored.  It's probably
 * not a good idea to use this parameter when loading seclvl from a
 * script; use sha1_passwd instead.
 */

#define MAX_PASSWD_SIZE	32
static char passwd[MAX_PASSWD_SIZE];
module_param_string(passwd, passwd, sizeof(passwd), 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(passwd,
		 "Plaintext of password that sets seclvl=0 when written to "
		 "(sysfs mount point)/seclvl/passwd\n");

/**
 * SHA1 hashed version of the optional password which can be passed in
 * to bring seclvl to 0 (i.e., for halt/reboot).  Must be in
 * hexadecimal format (40 characters).	Defaults to NULL (the passwd
 * attribute file will not be registered in sysfs).
 *
 * Use the sha1sum utility to generate the SHA1 hash of a password:
 *
 * echo -n "secret" | sha1sum
 */
#define MAX_SHA1_PASSWD	41
static char sha1_passwd[MAX_SHA1_PASSWD];
module_param_string(sha1_passwd, sha1_passwd, sizeof(sha1_passwd), 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(sha1_passwd,
		 "SHA1 hash (40 hexadecimal characters) of password that "
		 "sets seclvl=0 when plaintext password is written to "
		 "(sysfs mount point)/seclvl/passwd\n");

static int hideHash = 1;
module_param(hideHash, int, 0);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(hideHash, "When set to 0, reading seclvl/passwd from sysfs "
		 "will return the SHA1-hashed value of the password that "
		 "lowers the secure level to 0.\n");

#define MY_NAME "seclvl"

/**
 * This time-limits log writes to one per second.
 */
#define seclvl_printk(verb, type, fmt, arg...)			\
	do {							\
		if (verbosity >= verb) {			\
			static unsigned long _prior;		\
			unsigned long _now = jiffies;		\
			if ((_now - _prior) > HZ) {		\
				printk(type "%s: %s: " fmt,	\
					MY_NAME, __FUNCTION__ ,	\
					## arg);		\
				_prior = _now;			\
			}					\
		}						\
	} while (0)

/**
 * The actual security level.  Ranges between -1 and 2 inclusive.
 */
static int seclvl;

/**
 * flag to keep track of how we were registered
 */
static int secondary;

/**
 * Verifies that the requested secure level is valid, given the current
 * secure level.
 */
static int seclvl_sanity(int reqlvl)
{
	if ((reqlvl < -1) || (reqlvl > 2)) {
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to set seclvl out of "
			      "range: [%d]\n", reqlvl);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	if ((seclvl == 0) && (reqlvl == -1))
		return 0;
	if (reqlvl < seclvl) {
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to lower seclvl to "
			      "[%d]\n", reqlvl);
		return -EPERM;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * security level advancement rules:
 *   Valid levels are -1 through 2, inclusive.
 *   From -1, stuck.  [ in case compiled into kernel ]
 *   From 0 or above, can only increment.
 */
static void do_seclvl_advance(void *data, u64 val)
{
	int ret;
	int newlvl = (int)val;

	ret = seclvl_sanity(newlvl);
	if (ret)
		return;

	if (newlvl > 2) {
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Cannot advance to seclvl "
			      "[%d]\n", newlvl);
		return;
	}
	if (seclvl == -1) {
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Not allowed to advance to "
			      "seclvl [%d]\n", seclvl);
		return;
	}
	seclvl = newlvl;  /* would it be more "correct" to set *data? */
	return;
}

static u64 seclvl_int_get(void *data)
{
	return *(int *)data;
}

DEFINE_SIMPLE_ATTRIBUTE(seclvl_file_ops, seclvl_int_get, do_seclvl_advance, "%lld\n");

static unsigned char hashedPassword[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE];

/**
 * Converts a block of plaintext of into its SHA1 hashed value.
 *
 * It would be nice if crypto had a wrapper to do this for us linear
 * people...
 */
static int
plaintext_to_sha1(unsigned char *hash, const char *plaintext, unsigned int len)
{
	struct hash_desc desc;
	struct scatterlist sg;
	int err;

	if (len > PAGE_SIZE) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Plaintext password too large (%d "
			      "characters).  Largest possible is %lu "
			      "bytes.\n", len, PAGE_SIZE);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	desc.tfm = crypto_alloc_hash("sha1", 0, CRYPTO_ALG_ASYNC);
	if (IS_ERR(desc.tfm)) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR,
			      "Failed to load transform for SHA1\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	sg_init_one(&sg, (u8 *)plaintext, len);
	desc.flags = CRYPTO_TFM_REQ_MAY_SLEEP;
	err = crypto_hash_digest(&desc, &sg, len, hash);
	crypto_free_hash(desc.tfm);
	return err;
}

/**
 * Called whenever the user writes to the sysfs passwd handle to this kernel
 * object.  It hashes the password and compares the hashed results.
 */
static ssize_t
passwd_write_file(struct file * file, const char __user * buf,
				size_t count, loff_t *ppos)
{
	char *p;
	int len;
	unsigned char tmp[SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE];

	if (!*passwd && !*sha1_passwd) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Attempt to password-unlock the "
			      "seclvl module, but neither a plain text "
			      "password nor a SHA1 hashed password was "
			      "passed in as a module parameter!  This is a "
			      "bug, since it should not be possible to be in "
			      "this part of the module; please tell a "
			      "maintainer about this event.\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (count >= PAGE_SIZE)
		return -EINVAL;
	if (*ppos != 0)
		return -EINVAL;
	p = kmalloc(count, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!p)
		return -ENOMEM;
	len = -EFAULT;
	if (copy_from_user(p, buf, count))
		goto out;
	
	len = count;
	/* ``echo "secret" > seclvl/passwd'' includes a newline */
	if (p[len - 1] == '\n')
		len--;
	/* Hash the password, then compare the hashed values */
	if ((len = plaintext_to_sha1(tmp, p, len))) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error hashing password: rc = "
			      "[%d]\n", len);
		goto out;
	}

	len = -EPERM;
	if (memcmp(hashedPassword, tmp, SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE))
		goto out;

	seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO,
		      "Password accepted; seclvl reduced to 0.\n");
	seclvl = 0;
	len = count;

out:
	kfree (p);
	return len;
}

static struct file_operations passwd_file_ops = {
	.write = passwd_write_file,
};

/**
 * Explicitely disallow ptrace'ing the init process.
 */
static int seclvl_ptrace(struct task_struct *parent, struct task_struct *child)
{
	if (seclvl >= 0 && child->pid == 1) {
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to ptrace "
			      "the init process dissallowed in "
			      "secure level %d\n", seclvl);
		return -EPERM;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * Capability checks for seclvl.  The majority of the policy
 * enforcement for seclvl takes place here.
 */
static int seclvl_capable(struct task_struct *tsk, int cap)
{
	int rc = 0;

	/* init can do anything it wants */
	if (tsk->pid == 1)
		return 0;

	if (seclvl > 0) {
		rc = -EPERM;

		if (cap == CAP_LINUX_IMMUTABLE)
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to modify "
				      "the IMMUTABLE and/or APPEND extended "
				      "attribute on a file with the IMMUTABLE "
				      "and/or APPEND extended attribute set "
				      "denied in seclvl [%d]\n", seclvl);
		else if (cap == CAP_SYS_RAWIO)
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to perform "
				      "raw I/O while in secure level [%d] "
				      "denied\n", seclvl);
		else if (cap == CAP_NET_ADMIN)
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to perform "
				      "network administrative task while "
				      "in secure level [%d] denied\n", seclvl);
		else if (cap == CAP_SETUID)
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to setuid "
				      "while in secure level [%d] denied\n",
				      seclvl);
		else if (cap == CAP_SETGID)
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to setgid "
				      "while in secure level [%d] denied\n",
				      seclvl);
		else if (cap == CAP_SYS_MODULE)
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to perform "
				      "a module operation while in secure "
				      "level [%d] denied\n", seclvl);
		else
			rc = 0;
	}

	if (!rc) {
		if (!(cap_is_fs_cap(cap) ? tsk->fsuid == 0 : tsk->euid == 0))
			rc = -EPERM;
	}

	if (rc)
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Capability denied\n");

	return rc;
}

/**
 * Disallow reversing the clock in seclvl > 1
 */
static int seclvl_settime(struct timespec *tv, struct timezone *tz)
{
	if (tv && seclvl > 1) {
		struct timespec now;
		now = current_kernel_time();
		if (tv->tv_sec < now.tv_sec ||
		    (tv->tv_sec == now.tv_sec && tv->tv_nsec < now.tv_nsec)) {
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to decrement "
				      "time in secure level %d denied: "
				      "current->pid = [%d], "
				      "current->group_leader->pid = [%d]\n",
				      seclvl, current->pid,
				      current->group_leader->pid);
			return -EPERM;
		}		/* if attempt to decrement time */
	}			/* if seclvl > 1 */
	return 0;
}

/* claim the blockdev to exclude mounters, release on file close */
static int seclvl_bd_claim(struct inode *inode)
{
	int holder;
	struct block_device *bdev = NULL;
	dev_t dev = inode->i_rdev;
	bdev = open_by_devnum(dev, FMODE_WRITE);
	if (bdev) {
		if (bd_claim(bdev, &holder)) {
			blkdev_put(bdev);
			return -EPERM;
		}
		/* claimed, mark it to release on close */
		inode->i_security = current;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* release the blockdev if you claimed it */
static void seclvl_bd_release(struct inode *inode)
{
	if (inode && S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode) && inode->i_security == current) {
		struct block_device *bdev = inode->i_bdev;
		if (bdev) {
			bd_release(bdev);
			blkdev_put(bdev);
			inode->i_security = NULL;
		}
	}
}

/**
 * Security for writes to block devices is regulated by this seclvl
 * function.  Deny all writes to block devices in seclvl 2.  In
 * seclvl 1, we only deny writes to *mounted* block devices.
 */
static int
seclvl_inode_permission(struct inode *inode, int mask, struct nameidata *nd)
{
	if (current->pid != 1 && S_ISBLK(inode->i_mode) && (mask & MAY_WRITE)) {
		switch (seclvl) {
		case 2:
			seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Write to block device "
				      "denied in secure level [%d]\n", seclvl);
			return -EPERM;
		case 1:
			if (seclvl_bd_claim(inode)) {
				seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING,
					      "Write to mounted block device "
					      "denied in secure level [%d]\n",
					      seclvl);
				return -EPERM;
			}
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * The SUID and SGID bits cannot be set in seclvl >= 1
 */
static int seclvl_inode_setattr(struct dentry *dentry, struct iattr *iattr)
{
	if (seclvl > 0) {
		if (iattr->ia_valid & ATTR_MODE)
			if (iattr->ia_mode & S_ISUID ||
			    iattr->ia_mode & S_ISGID) {
				seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to "
					      "modify SUID or SGID bit "
					      "denied in seclvl [%d]\n",
					      seclvl);
				return -EPERM;
			}
	}
	return 0;
}

/* release busied block devices */
static void seclvl_file_free_security(struct file *filp)
{
	struct dentry *dentry = filp->f_dentry;

	if (dentry)
		seclvl_bd_release(dentry->d_inode);
}

/**
 * Cannot unmount in secure level 2
 */
static int seclvl_umount(struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
{
	if (current->pid != 1 && seclvl == 2) {
		seclvl_printk(1, KERN_WARNING, "Attempt to unmount in secure "
			      "level %d\n", seclvl);
		return -EPERM;
	}
	return 0;
}

static struct security_operations seclvl_ops = {
	.ptrace = seclvl_ptrace,
	.capable = seclvl_capable,
	.inode_permission = seclvl_inode_permission,
	.inode_setattr = seclvl_inode_setattr,
	.file_free_security = seclvl_file_free_security,
	.settime = seclvl_settime,
	.sb_umount = seclvl_umount,
};

/**
 * Process the password-related module parameters
 */
static int processPassword(void)
{
	int rc = 0;
	if (*passwd) {
		char *p;

		if (*sha1_passwd) {
			seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error: Both "
				      "passwd and sha1_passwd "
				      "were set, but they are mutually "
				      "exclusive.\n");
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		p = kstrdup(passwd, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (p == NULL)
			return -ENOMEM;

		if ((rc = plaintext_to_sha1(hashedPassword, p, strlen(p))))
			seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error: SHA1 support not "
				      "in kernel\n");

		kfree (p);
		/* All static data goes to the BSS, which zero's the
		 * plaintext password out for us. */
	} else if (*sha1_passwd) {	// Base 16
		int i;
		i = strlen(sha1_passwd);
		if (i != (SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE * 2)) {
			seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Received [%d] bytes; "
				      "expected [%d] for the hexadecimal "
				      "representation of the SHA1 hash of "
				      "the password.\n",
				      i, (SHA1_DIGEST_SIZE * 2));
			return -EINVAL;
		}
		while ((i -= 2) + 2) {
			unsigned char tmp;
			tmp = sha1_passwd[i + 2];
			sha1_passwd[i + 2] = '\0';
			hashedPassword[i / 2] = (unsigned char)
			    simple_strtol(&sha1_passwd[i], NULL, 16);
			sha1_passwd[i + 2] = tmp;
		}
	}
	return rc;
}

/**
 * securityfs registrations
 */
struct dentry *dir_ino, *seclvl_ino, *passwd_ino;

static int seclvlfs_register(void)
{
	int rc = 0;

	dir_ino = securityfs_create_dir("seclvl", NULL);

	if (IS_ERR(dir_ino))
		return PTR_ERR(dir_ino);

	seclvl_ino = securityfs_create_file("seclvl", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
				dir_ino, &seclvl, &seclvl_file_ops);
	if (IS_ERR(seclvl_ino)) {
		rc = PTR_ERR(seclvl_ino);
		goto out_deldir;
	}
	if (*passwd || *sha1_passwd) {
		passwd_ino = securityfs_create_file("passwd", S_IRUGO | S_IWUSR,
				dir_ino, NULL, &passwd_file_ops);
		if (IS_ERR(passwd_ino)) {
			rc = PTR_ERR(passwd_ino);
			goto out_delf;
		}
	}
	return rc;

out_delf:
	securityfs_remove(seclvl_ino);

out_deldir:
	securityfs_remove(dir_ino);

	return rc;
}

static void seclvlfs_unregister(void)
{
	securityfs_remove(seclvl_ino);

	if (*passwd || *sha1_passwd)
		securityfs_remove(passwd_ino);

	securityfs_remove(dir_ino);
}

/**
 * Initialize the seclvl module.
 */
static int __init seclvl_init(void)
{
	int rc = 0;
	static char once;

	if (verbosity < 0 || verbosity > 1) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "Error: bad verbosity [%d]; only 0 or 1 "
		       "are valid values\n", verbosity);
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto exit;
	}
	if (initlvl < -1 || initlvl > 2) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error: bad initial securelevel "
			      "[%d].\n", initlvl);
		rc = -EINVAL;
		goto exit;
	}
	seclvl = initlvl;
	if ((rc = processPassword())) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error processing the password "
			      "module parameter(s): rc = [%d]\n", rc);
		goto exit;
	}

	if ((rc = seclvlfs_register())) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "Error registering with sysfs\n");
		goto exit;
	}
	/* register ourselves with the security framework */
	if (register_security(&seclvl_ops)) {
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR,
			      "seclvl: Failure registering with the "
			      "kernel.\n");
		/* try registering with primary module */
		rc = mod_reg_security(MY_NAME, &seclvl_ops);
		if (rc) {
			seclvl_printk(0, KERN_ERR, "seclvl: Failure "
				      "registering with primary security "
				      "module.\n");
			seclvlfs_unregister();
			goto exit;
		}		/* if primary module registered */
		secondary = 1;
	}			/* if we registered ourselves with the security framework */

	seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO, "seclvl: Successfully initialized.\n");

	if (once) {
		once = 1;
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO, "seclvl is going away. It has been "
				"buggy for ages. Also, be warned that "
				"Securelevels are useless.");
	}
 exit:
	if (rc)
		printk(KERN_ERR "seclvl: Error during initialization: rc = "
		       "[%d]\n", rc);
	return rc;
}

/**
 * Remove the seclvl module.
 */
static void __exit seclvl_exit(void)
{
	seclvlfs_unregister();

	if (secondary)
		mod_unreg_security(MY_NAME, &seclvl_ops);
	else if (unregister_security(&seclvl_ops))
		seclvl_printk(0, KERN_INFO,
			      "seclvl: Failure unregistering with the "
			      "kernel\n");
}

module_init(seclvl_init);
module_exit(seclvl_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Michael A. Halcrow <mike@halcrow.us>");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("LSM implementation of the BSD Secure Levels");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");