WireGuard for the Linux kernel https://git.zx2c4.com/wireguard-linux/atom/arch/x86?h=stable 2026-08-26T23:47:40Z 2026-08-26T23:47:40Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-26T23:47:40Z urn:sha1:5e6ff28676dd92a608eb00eeb8d1319ad34024dc Pull hyperv updates from Wei Liu: - Decrypt netvsc buffer on contiguous direct-map addresses (Kameron Carr) - Drop WS2012/2012R2 & Win8/8.1 Hyper-V support (Michael Kelley) - Use more meaningful errnos for hypercall status code (Hardik Garg) - Fix lost interrupts on CPU hot-unplug for Hyper-V PCI/MSI (Naman Jain) - Reserve more MSHV vectors for Linux root partition (Wei Liu) * tag 'hyperv-next-signed-20260826' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/hyperv/linux: clocksource: hyper-v: Remove support for stimer interrupts in message mode scsi: storvsc: Remove support for storvsc protocol of old Hyper-V hosts hv_netvsc: Remove GPADL teardown special case for old Hyper-V hosts hv_sock: Remove check for old Hyper-V hosts Drivers: hv: Remove support for WS2012/2012R2 & Win8/8.1 version of Hyper-V hv_netvsc: Allocate send/receive buffers using vmbus_alloc_buffer() Drivers: hv: vmbus: Add vmbus_alloc_buffer()/vmbus_free_buffer() for CoCo VMs Drivers: hv: vmbus: add vmbus_establish_gpadl_caller_decrypted() Drivers: hv: vmbus: Skip VMBus module cleanup for non-nested root partition x86/hyperv: reserve more vectors PCI: hv: Set irq_retrigger callback for the Hyper-V PCI MSI irqchip Drivers: hv: Use meaningful errnos for hypercall status codes 2026-08-25T18:48:04Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-25T18:48:04Z urn:sha1:7bb6284aa7b3c369b41e7f33fcbe193161f008e7 Pull kvm updates from Paolo Bonzini: "ARM64: - Add support for 'slot' based PMU events, paired with new UAPI that compels the user to select a specific PMU implementation - Lazy save/restore of vCPU state for pKVM, along with various fixes and cleanups to the management of vCPU state between the untrusted host and pKVM hypervisor - Disable traps of EL1 registers for nested hypervisors when FEAT_NV2p1 is present, guaranteeing that EL2-specific register bits are stateful in the EL1 counterpart - Leverage FEAT_NV3 to avoid unnecessary ERET/TLBI traps when the scope of those instructions remains 'in host' (i.e. L1 kernel/userspace) - Pile of fixes for the management of the VNCR pseudo-TLB, such as under-invalidations and races with concurrent TLBIs on other vCPUs - Consolidate the non-protected and pKVM view of ICH_VTR_EL2 to a runtime-patched constant, allowing the same data to be shared with pKVM prior to dropping host privileges - Considerable pile of LLM-assisted fixes around the shop but mostly in the VGIC, our in-kernel generator of bugs (and sometimes interrupts) LoongArch: - Advertise already-supported capabilities - Some bug fixes about timer and MMIO - Some hardening about interrupt injection - Replace kvm_err() with kvm_pr_unimpl() - Add FPU/LSX/LASX test cases for selftests RISC-V: - Svadu/Zicfiss/Zicfilp FWFT support for Guest - Use try_cmpxchg for IMSIC MRIF RMW - More arch-specific tracepoints in KVM RISC-V - Eager page splitting when enabling dirty logging - Optimize hfence request handling for SMP Guests - Improve dirty log clearing by skipping zero bits in mask - Guard HFENCE range loops against overflow - CPU PM notifiers in KVM RISC-V for non-retentive idle states - Fix kernel-mode vector context save/restore for Guest s390: - Fixes for vfio-ap - Fixes for the gmap rework - Fixes for vsie - AI triggered fixes all over - diag9c tracing - code move preparation for the additional arm64 support - enable CONTEXT_ANALYSIS x86: - Perform spring cleaning on x86.{c,h} and asm/kvm_host.h, by adding regs.c (the kvm_cache_regs.h => regs.h is already applied) and msrs.{c,h}, and moving relevant code out of x86.c - Split kvm_mmu in three parts, respectively to describe the format of page tables, walking the guest page tables and building the page tables. Always use the same page table walker kvm->arch.gva_walk as the entry point to convert a guest's virtual address, where the previous code used two different kvm_mmu structs depending on whether the walk included nested EPT/NPT or not. Make page fault vmexits reuse the permission checking machinery that is used for guest page faults. This is both a cleanup and a baby step towards supporting XS/XU memory permissions - Document some of the "fun" gotchas with the APIC base when creating IRQCHIPs on x86 - Remove a defunct masterclock update from kvm_xen_shared_info_init(). It could result in incorrect kvmclock due to triggering an unnecessary switch to/from masterclock mode - Skip Xen runstate time updates if time has effectively gone backwards, so that the guest doesn't report 100% steal time for a very, very long time - Drop KVM's runtime updates of the Xen PV timing CPUID leaf, as KVM was updating the wrong sub-leaf, and upstream KVM will soon provide all the information needed by userspace to populate the CPUID field itself - Fix a bug where KVM would walk a newly created rmap without holding the rmap lock (or mmu_lock) during aging - Fix a bug where aging TDP MMU SPTEs could clobber FROZEN SPTEs - Fix a variety of #DB priority bugs - Fix a class of races related to enabling Hyper-V emulation on a vCPU after the vCPU is visible to the rest of KVM - Use static calls for nested virtualization ops - Move more KVM-internal code out of x86's kvm_host.h - Enumerate support for a variety of Zhaoxin instructions that don't require explicit virtualization - Fix missing EFER validation bugs, including in the KVM_SET_SREGS* path - Harden kvm_vcpu_map() against double-mapping and thus leaking references - Misc fixes and cleanups, e.g. for largely benign syzkaller splats x86 (Intel): - Zero a vCPU's entry in VMX's Posted Interrupt Descriptor table used for IPI virtualization when the vCPU is freed, to fix a use-after-free where hardware will write to a freed vCPU's PID - Service local TLB flushes on a failed nested VM-Enter to fix a bug where KVM could miss a TLB on a future, successful VM-Enter with the same L2 VPID - Cap the maximum value shoved into the VMX Preemption Timer to workaround an erratum that affects all existing Intel CPUs that support CPUID 0x15 - Fix VPID virtualization bugs where KVM would fail to flush hardware TLBs - Harden the TDX "populate" ioctls against bad input, and to prepare for supporting in-place private<=>shared conversion x86 (AMD): - Forcefully invalidate SNP VMSA pages if their backing guest_memfd page is zapped/invalidated, e.g. due to a PUNCH_HOLE in response to a Page-State Change request - Remove a dying VM from the GA Log notifier list before the VM is actually destroyed, to fix a potential use-after-free - While FOLL_WRITE was needed in the past to trigger CoW unsharing, nowadays FOLL_LONGTERM does that already even without FOLL_WRITE, and in fact, get_user_pages() actually disallows FOLL_WRITE together with FOLL_LONGTERM. So don't pass FOLL_WRITE when registering encrypted memory regions, i.e. when pinning SEV/SEV-ES guest memory, to fix a regression with file-backed memory introduced by KVM's (correct) usage of long-term pins (This was reviewed by mm maintainers; for more information, see commit ee1a586dd1fa "KVM: SEV: Drop FOLL_WRITE for encrypted region registration") - Allocate full pages for SEV/SEV-ES {DE,EN}CRYPT ops on SNP-enabled hosts to fix a data corruption issue due to the PSP driver assigning to-be-written pages to firmware (as required by the SNP specs) - Unconditionally intercept ICBEP so that KVM generates the correct guest RIP when handling an ICEBP-induced TASK_SWITCH #VMEXIT - Harden the SNP "populate" ioctls against bad input, and to prepare for supporting in-place private<=>shared conversion Generic: - Remove kvm_debugfs_dir if kvm_init() fails after creating KVM's debugfs - Add a per-VM bitmap to track which vCPU IDs have been "claimed" but for which the vCPU isn't yet online, and use the bitmap to reject duplicate IDs before calling into arch code. This allows arch code to consume vcpu_id without having to worry about cross-vCPU clobbering (at least s390 and x86 have had related bugs) - Rework the so called "prepare" and "invalidate" guest_memfd hooks to prepare for in-place private<=>shared conversion, and clean up a few warts along the way Selftests: - Automatically allocate a full page for L2 guest stacks on x86 instead of requiring test-specific L1 guest code to carve out a portion of the L1 stack for L2 usage, and to ensure the L2 stack also adheres to the x86-64 calling convention ABI - Add a selftest to verify {Guest,Host}-Only behavior in x86's mediated PMU - Clean up nested SVM's handling of GPRs on L2<=>L1 transitions, reuse the functionality for nested VMX, and drop the ucall hack that was fudging around the lack of GPR switching on nVMX - Add a stress test to verify KVM doesn't clobber/drop #PF state, e.g. CR2, across save/restore, including when L2 is active - Add a test to verify KVM_CREATE_VM accepts exactly what is reported by KVM_CAP_VM_TYPES - Misc selftests fixes and cleanups - Fix several issues with seeding the pRNG, and rework the pRNG APIs to that the pRNG can be sanely used in host code, not just guest code - Add an IRQ test to validate virtual IRQ deliverty for IRQs wired up via KVM_IRQFD + KVM_SET_GSI_ROUTING, with optional support for triggering IRQs via writes to an assigned VFIO device - Add syscall wrappers to assert success on a variety of pthreads and CPU affinity APIs - Set vCPU pthread affinity as early as possible to reduce contention issues that were surfaced by PREEMPT_LAZY, which result in runtimes of over a minute on large hosts, versus the expected ~5 seconds - Rework the PMU counters test to run each testcase using a single VM with many vCPUs for each sub-testcase, instead of using a unique VM for each sub-testcase. This cuts the runtime by ~20x Miscellaneous: - MAINTAINERS updates for vfio-ap, guest_memfd, kvm-x86. Mostly representing the status quo more accurately, but also... welcome David Hildenbrand as guest_memfd reviewer!" * tag 'for-linus' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/virt/kvm/kvm: (413 commits) KVM: arm64: Validate GICv5 timer PPIs before claiming ownership KVM: arm64: vgic: Reject out-of-range GICv5 PPI IDs KVM: arm64: vgic: Prevent speculative SPI array underflow KVM: arm64: vgic: Free gic_kvm_info on initialization failure KVM: arm64: Avoid mismatched accesses to 'struct kvm_nvhe_init_params' s390/vfio-ap: Fix NULL deref in status_show() during queue probe s390/vfio-ap: Fix hot-unplug skipped when last AP adapter or domain removed s390/vfio-ap: fix potential use of uninitialized apm_filtered bitmap s390/vfio-ap: Fix control domain removal in vfio_ap_mdev_cfg_remove s390/vfio-ap: Fix required lock not held during update of ap_matrix_mdev object s390/vfio-ap: Fix missing lock required to access list of ap_matrix_mdev objects s390/vfio-ap: Fix dereference matrix_mdev->kvm without checking for NULL s390/vfio-ap: Fix stale do_remove flag across iterations in vfio_ap_mdev_cfg_remove RISC-V: KVM: fix vcpu vector context handling for kernel-mode vector riscv: vector: allow non-preemptible kernel-mode vector with IRQs off riscv: vector: refactor riscv_v_start_kernel_context KVM: s390: gmap: Make prefix handling optional KVM: s390: gmap: Make CMMA optional KVM: s390: gmap: Make storage keys optional KVM: s390: Prepare gmap for a second KVM implementation ... 2026-08-25T15:59:09Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-25T15:59:09Z urn:sha1:5f5ef9c407cfdc524a1aaeb4196d933f61ecf21a Pull bootconfig updates from Masami Hiramatsu: - Support build-time command line building for embedded bootconfig - Fix xbc_snprint_cmdline() to render descendant keys when the root has both a value and subkeys, and treats empty subtrees correctly. - Add build-time pipeline using tools/bootconfig -C to render the embedded bootconfig "kernel" subtree into .init.rodata as a cmdline string. - Clean build-time tools/bootconfig from make clean - Add helper to prepend embedded bootconfig cmdline into boot_command_line early before parse_early_param() - Wire early prepend helper in x86 setup_arch() so early_param handlers see values from the embedded bootconfig (currently x86 only) - Avoid duplicating "kernel" keys in setup_boot_config() - Refactor setup_boot_config() to share bootconfig_cmdline_requested() - Document CONFIG_CMDLINE_FROM_BOOTCONFIG usage, requirements, and precedence * tag 'bootconfig-v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/trace/linux-trace: init/main.c: use bootconfig_cmdline_requested() for the runtime opt-in bootconfig: skip runtime kernel.* render once prepended early x86/setup: prepend embedded bootconfig cmdline before parse_early_param Documentation: bootconfig: document build-time cmdline rendering bootconfig: add xbc_prepend_embedded_cmdline() helper bootconfig: clean build-time tools/bootconfig from make clean bootconfig: render embedded bootconfig as a kernel cmdline at build time bootconfig: render descendant keys when xbc_snprint_cmdline() root has a value 2026-08-24T18:35:46Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-24T18:35:46Z urn:sha1:2f43193b88188b184a967c9427602e019f1b8708 Pull dma-mapping updates from Marek Szyprowski: - swiotlb: - new configuration option for the default pool size (Jagadeesh Pagadala) - reduce overhead for high watermark tracking (chenhuguanshen) - minor code cleanups and improvements (Vova Sharaienko, Honglei Huang and Marek Szyprowski) - add proper tracking of the shared DMA state through direct, pool and swiotlb paths (Aneesh Kumar K.V) This is important for confidential-computing * tag 'dma-mapping-7.3-2026-08-24' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux: dma/swiotlb: decouple high watermark tracking from CONFIG_DEBUG_FS MAINTAINERS: update tree for DMA MAPPING HELPERS dma/swiotlb: introduce Kconfig option for compile-time default pool size dma-direct: Improve readability of the dma_direct_map_sg() for P2PDMA case iommu/dma: simplify dma_iova_destroy() and drop the free_iova helper dma-coherent: use KiB in DMA allocation logs dma-coherent: fix spacing coding style issue * tag 'dma-mapping-7.3-2026-08-24-2' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/mszyprowski/linux: (23 commits) swiotlb: remove unused SWIOTLB_FORCE flag dma: swiotlb: handle set_memory_decrypted() failures dma: swiotlb: free dynamic pools from process context dma-direct: rename ret to cpu_addr in alloc helpers dma-direct: select DMA address encoding from __DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED dma-direct: set decrypted flag for remapped DMA allocations dma-direct: make dma_direct_map_phys() honor DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED dma-direct: Move dma_direct_map_phys() to dma/direct.c dma-direct: pass attrs to dma_capable() for DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED checks dma-mapping: make dma_pgprot() honor __DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED dma: swiotlb: track pool encryption state and honor DMA_ATTR_CC_SHARED dma: swiotlb: pass mapping attributes by reference dma-pool: track decrypted atomic pools and select them via attrs dma-direct: use __DMA_ATTR_ALLOC_CC_SHARED in alloc/free paths dma-mapping: Add internal shared allocation attribute coco: arm64: s390: powerpc: Mark secure guests with CC_ATTR_GUEST_MEM_ENCRYPT dma-direct: swiotlb: handle swiotlb alloc/free outside __dma_direct_alloc_pages s390: Expose protected virtualization through cc_platform_has() swiotlb: Preserve allocation virtual address for dynamic pools dma: free atomic pool pages by physical address ... 2026-08-24T17:16:35Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-24T17:16:35Z urn:sha1:5b05bb3f6c5716fab6911e12d60dd1f43ad9806a Pull x86 platform driver updates from Ilpo Järvinen "Highlights: Major refactoring effort: stop setting acpi_device_name/class() and pnp.device_class to facilitate their eventual removal Many rollback/remove path fixes (presumably mostly found by AI) Miscellaneous cleanups / refactoring / improvements amd/halo: - Add Halo RGB LED driver amd/hsmp: - Properly serialize probe, remove, and data paths - Add support for protocol v7 used by Family 1AH Model 80H - Fix error checking corner cases (largely from AI review) - Reject negative power cap amd/pmc: - Improve behavior on platforms that do not support STB - Add T14 Gen2 AMD (20XL) to s2idle quirk list amd/pmf: - Add ioctl interface to retrieve device metrics - Add support for new metrics tables used by Family 1AH Model 80H qcom-hamoa-ec (arm64): - Reject short responses asus-nb-wmi: - Support ProArt key on ASUS ProArt PX13 asus-armoury: - Gate PPT writes behind active fan curve - Add power limits for more models dell-wmi-base: - Fix handling of ultra performance key dell-wmi-sysman: - Don't hex dump attribute security buffer hp-bioscfg: - Various fixes - Improve reduced ACPI packages support (necessary for HP EliteBook 840 G2) lg-laptop: - Fix LED resource handling - Add support for events used in newer models - Fix keyboard backlight support on LG Gram 16T90SP hp-wmi: - Generalize thermal params to board params - Manage CPU and GPU PWM independently - Add GPU MUX switch support - Add Victus 15-fb0xxx support - Add OMEN MAX 16-ak0xxx, OMEN 16-n0xxx, OMEN 16-wd0xxx, OMEN 16-wf0xxx, and OMEN board ID 8D88 support - Add OMEN Transcend 16-u0xxx support huawei: - Add support for Fn-lock ACPI interface found on newer Huawei laptops such as MateBook 14 2024 ISST: - Improve input validation (many fixes) - Disallow SST-CP (core-power) feature if perf profile add fails lenovo/yb9-kbdock: - Add driver for Yoga Book 9 14IAH10 lenovo/ymc: - Extend hinge switch query to support Yoga 9 2-in-1 14IPH11 - Prevent loading on Yoga Book 9 14IAH10 to avoid duplicated input nodes msi-ec: - Add MSI Raider A18 HX A9WJG and MSI Katana GF76 11UEK support msi-wmi: - Add MSI Claw M-Center keys support oxpec: - Add support for OneXPlayer X2 Mini Pro redmi-wmi: - Report kbd backlight cycle, OEM preset power mode, and FnLock toggle events to userspace samsung-galaxybook: - Add Samsung Galaxy Book6 Pro support thinkpad_acpi: - Add USB-C Security support uniwill-laptop: - Add keyboard backlight, AC auto boot, and USB powershare support - Add MACHENIKE L16 Pro, AiStone X4SP4NAL, and Avell A60 MUV support - Make lightbar max brightness configurable and add support for LAPQC71A/B" * tag 'platform-drivers-x86-v7.3-1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/pdx86/platform-drivers-x86: (152 commits) platform/x86: think-lmi: Fix current password length check platform/x86: redmi-wmi: report EC state change events MAINTAINERS: update Intel PMC Core maintainer contact platform/x86: oxpec: Add support for OneXPlayer X2 Mini Pro platform/x86: thinkpad_acpi: Fix fan speed reporting on Edge E330 platform/x86: msi-ec: Add MSI Katana GF76 11UEK EC firmware platform/x86: think-lmi: Fix certificate thumbprint sysfs output mlxbf-bootctl: fix the build error with FIELD_PREP() platform/x86: think-lmi: Free system certificate signatures platform/x86: ISST: Add a NULL check for sst_inst[] platform/x86: ISST: Return error during profile addition platform/x86: ISST: Just allow 2 bits for SST feature enable platform/x86: ISST: Use PP level enable mask platform/x86: ISST: Validate parameter for frequency and priority platform/x86: ISST: Validate parameter for core power state platform/x86: ISST: Validate max level for set feature platform/x86: ISST: Validate logical CPU id and clos id platform/x86: ISST: Validate level in perf mask ioctls platform/x86: ISST: Validate socket ID in clos_assoc ioctl platform/x86/amd/hsmp: Reject negative power cap writes in hwmon ... 2026-08-24T00:36:14Z Michael Kelley mhkelley58@gmail.com 2026-08-05T20:37:51Z urn:sha1:be0cfab740e58b70047ef6e7e3d578f00ed5d258 In Hyper-V versions prior to WS2016/Win10, Hyper-V synthetic timers interrupt the guest by delivering a message that is initially handled by the Linux VMBus driver. Starting with WS2016/Win10, Hyper-V can deliver stimer interrupts directly to an assigned interrupt vector without involving the VMBus driver. This is called "Direct Mode". With the overall removal of Linux support for running on Hyper-V hosts earlier than WS2016 and Windows 10, it's no longer necessary to support the legacy message-based delivery. Remove that delivery mechanism and always use Direct Mode. If for some reason, the Hyper-V host does not enumerate Direct Mode, output an error message but continue to run using the LAPIC timer instead of an stimer. With these changes, the VMBus driver no longer calls the stimer interrupt service routine. This removal has a broader benefit in unblocking the disentangling of VMBus code and stimer code, as they should be independent of each other. The final disentangling will come as a follow-on patch set. Signed-off-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> 2026-08-24T00:23:35Z Wei Liu wei.liu@kernel.org 2026-07-30T00:50:19Z urn:sha1:769bcbee07a45856e0b603ee23243737a2f9ca2a Microsoft Hypervisor delivers three vectors to the NT HAL running in the root partition and refuses to map a device interrupt to any of them when interrupt remapping is not available in the system. As of writing, the nested MSHV setup has no interrupt remapping capability. The three vectors are: HAL_NT_APC_VECTOR 0x1F HAL_NT_DPC_VECTOR 0x2F HAL_NT_CLOCK_IPI_VECTOR 0xD2 0x1F is below FIRST_EXTERNAL_VECTOR so the vector allocator never hands it out, but 0x2F and 0xD2 are both inside the allocatable range and are handed out once enough vectors are in use. Mapping such an interrupt then fails with HV_STATUS_INVALID_PARAMETER, and the interrupt is never delivered. Reserve all three next to the hypervisor debug vectors that are already kept out of the allocator's hands. Reviewed-by: Michael Kelley <mhklinux@outlook.com> Signed-off-by: Wei Liu <wei.liu@kernel.org> 2026-08-23T16:24:34Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-23T16:24:34Z urn:sha1:388b607d107c07aaade04c7f22f344cab6bdccd3 Pull EFI updates from Ard Biesheuvel: - Set a timeout for EFI runtime service completions, and declare the firmware wedged if it is exceeded. Note that this requires special handling in case the firmware does return after all - Rate limit the efivarfs statfs() handler as the QueryVariableInfo() runtime service can be costly - Sanity check the size of struct properties_header on Mac/x86 - Tweak the prototype of efi_guid_to_str() * tag 'efi-next-for-v7.3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/efi/efi: efivarfs: Rate limit statfs() handler efi: apple-properties: validate setup data header length efi: make efi_guid_to_str() take a const GUID pointer efi/runtime-wrappers: retire the worker if a wedged call ever returns efi/runtime-wrappers: honour EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES in the non-blocking paths efi/runtime-wrappers: bound the wait for EFI runtime service calls efi/runtime-wrappers: check EFI_RUNTIME_SERVICES before using efi_rts_work efi/runtime-wrappers: handle queue_work() failure with goto exit efi/runtime-wrappers: factor out efi_rts_park_worker() efi: fix stale reference to efi_recover_from_page_fault() 2026-08-23T16:17:38Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-23T16:17:38Z urn:sha1:91959a31a3990073b55b506af044eda09c359fb4 Pull more liveupdate updates from Mike Rapoport: "Make boot time huge page allocation work nicely with kexec handover. Today allocation of gigantic pages in HugeTLB cannot work reliably with kexec handover (KHO): - HugeTLB allocates gigantic pages using memblock and autoscaling of KHO scratch accounts for these allocations. When gigantic pages occupy half of the memory of more, KHO fails to allocate its scratch memory. - After kexec handover, memblock allocations exclusively use KHO scratch that is not supposed to contain preserved memory. This essentially blocks preservation of HugeTLB with gigantic pages. Extend early memory pools available for KHO kernel with areas that are guaranteed not to contain preserved memory" * tag 'liveupdate-v7.3-rc1-20260823' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/liveupdate/linux: (21 commits) kho: exclude hugetlb memory from scratch size calculation memblock: add memblock_reserved_hugetlb_size() memblock: make HugeTLB bootmem allocation work with KHO memblock: always include KHO headers kho: extend scratch mm/mm_init: don't rely on memblock to get KHO scratch migratetype kho: initialize preserved memory map radix tree earlier kho: initialize kho_scratch pointer earlier in boot kho: expose kho_scratch_overlap() to kexec_handover.h kho: add kho_radix_init_tree() kho: allow destroying KHO radix tree kho: allow early-boot usage of the KHO radix tree kho: add data argument to radix walk callback kho: add callback for table pages kho: add a struct for radix callbacks kho: move all memory retrieval logic to kho_mem_retrieve() kho: store incoming radix tree in kho_in kho: disallow wide keys in radix tree kho: make radix max key width more obvious kho: generalize radix tree APIs ... 2026-08-21T01:17:08Z Linus Torvalds torvalds@linux-foundation.org 2026-08-21T01:17:08Z urn:sha1:ed3b875bea55a3ec4837113356df2ead11115af9 Pull MM updates from Andrew Morton: - "mm: drop "sub" prefix from various places" (Dev Jain) page->folio conversion and a naming cleanup - "mm/kasan: remove redundant initialization for kasan_flag_write_only" (Igor Putko) KASAN cleanup work - "mm/filemap: reduce unnecessary xarray lookups" (Chi Zhiling) Small speedup in the pagecaache read code - "mm/percpu: Fix possible NOFS/NOIO reclaim recursion" (Kaitao Cheng) Improve the vmalloc code - mainly the avoidance of GFP_KERNEL allocations when the caller asked for GFP_NOFS or GFP_NOIO - "mm/kmemleak: avoid soft lockup when scanning task stacks" (Breno Leitao) Avoid a soft lockup watchdog trigger from the kmemleak scanning code in extreme situations - "mm/page_owner: misc cleanups" (Ye Liu) Cleanups to the page_owner code. For some reason lots of people have been working on the page_owner code this cycle. - "mm: convert to walk_page_range_vma() to eliminate find_vma()" (Kefeng Wang) Simplify and accelerate the page walking library function - "mm/migrate: preparatory cleanups for batch copy and offload" (Shivank Garg) Cleanups in the migration code - "mm/page_owner: add per-fd filter infrastructure for print_mode and NUMA filtering" (Zhen Ni) Per-fd filtering to page_owner in order to reduce the sometimes vast amount of output it can produce - "mm: Refactor bootmem gigantic hugepage allocation" (Muchun Song) Fixes and preparatory cleanups around bootmem HugeTLB handling, sparse initialization ordering, and related vmemmap setup - "mm/zsmalloc: reduce lock contention in zs_free()" (Wenchao Hao) Reduce lock contention in zs_free(), which dominates the unmap path under memory pressure on Android (LMK kills) and on x86 servers running zswap-heavy workloads. Up to 1.83x improvement in microbenchmarking. - "move alloc_tag.c file under mm/" (Suren Baghdasaryan) - "samples/damon: handle damon_{start,stop}() failures" (SJ Park) Fix improper handling of damon_start(), damon_stop(), and damon_call() failures across DAMON sample modules to prevent potential memory leaks, operation disruptions and use-after-free bugs - "mm/damon/sysfs: kobject_del() directories that users can create/remove" (SJ Park) Fix delayed sysfs directory removal under DEBUG_KOBJECT_RELEASE causeing creation failures due to duplicate directory names by adding missing kobject_del() calls before creating new directories - "mm: cleanup clear_not_present_full_ptes()" (David Hildenbrand) Clean up the core pte handling code - "selftests/damon: misc fixes for test bugs" (Kunwu Chan) Fix several bugs in the DAMON selftests - "selftests/damon: fix memcg_path staging handling" (Cheng Nie) Fix a bug in _damon_sysfs.py for damos_filter memcg_path setup, and add a test case for it in sysfs.py. - "selftests/damon: test kdamond refresh_ms" (Ruslan Valiyev) Selftest coverage for DAMON's refresh_ms sysfs feature by updating the test control module and verifying that scheme stats update automatically without manual intervention - "mm/damon: five misc fixups" (Akinobu Mita) Miscellaneous DAMON fixups. - "mm/damon/core: detect internal variation above max_nr_regions/2" (Jiayuan Chen) Fix DAMON's region splitting behavior when region counts exceed half the maximum budget by dynamically scaling down the split fraction as the limit approaches, preventing large regions from staying un-split, and add corresponding KUnit test coverage - "mm: preparatory patches for PMD level swap entries" (Usama Arif) Refactor and clean up PMD softleaf helpers, call sites, and architecture flags to lay the groundwork for a follow-up series that introduces PMD page table swap entries - "mm/damon: update, optimize, and clean up doc, tests, and code" (SJ Park) Update DAMON design and ABI documentation, expands unit and selftest coverage, optimize damon_commit_target_regions(), and clean up recently added sysfs interface code for better readability - "mm/vmpressure: reduce CPU, memory and code overhead on cgroup v2" (Usama Arif) Optimize vmpressure() by skipping unnecessary work on cgroup v2 for userspace event notifications and refactor v1-only eventfd handling into mm/memcontrol-v1.c to reduce memory overhead and code complexity - "selftests/mm: refactor pkey helpers and fix mmap error handling" (Hongfu Li) Refactor pkeys shared tracing and assertion helpers into a common file, unify protection key selftests to use consistent diagnostic logging and assertions, and enforce standardized MAP_FAILED return checks for mmap() calls across the tests - "mm/damon: optimize out nr_accesses_bp" (SJ Park) Replace the error-prone, continuously updated nr_accesses_bp field in damon_region with an on-demand moving sum function, reducing structure memory overhead and avoiding state corruption bugs - "Open HugeTLB allocation routine for more generic use" (Ackerley Tng) Decouple HugeTLB folio allocation from VMA dependencies by introducing hugetlb_alloc_folio(), enabling subsystems like guest_memfd to allocate HugeTLB folios without standard VMA reservations or pseudo-VMAs - "mm/damon: provide pseudo moving sum probe_hits" (SJ Park) Integrate DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter into the pseudo moving sum infrastructure, enabling real-time, online monitoring without waiting for full aggregation intervals - "mm: Some cleanups for page allocator APIs" (Brendan Jackman) Simplify and refactor the page allocator entry points and flags by unifying allocation paths, adding internal alloc_flags arguments, and eliminating redundant __ prefixed alloc_pages variants. - "Fix incorrect access of hugetlb pte entries" (Dev Jain) Enforce the consistent use of huge_ptep_get() instead of ptep_get() for HugeTLB entries and fixes an unaligned address issue in arm64's huge_ptep_get() implementation - "mm/damon: validate all parameters in the core" (SJ Park) Consolidate parameter validation into the DAMON core specifically within damon_start() and damon_commit_ctx() to centralize error checking, eliminate caller-side redundant checks and to improve maintenance efficiency - "tools/mm/page_owner_sort: fix filtering and cleanup issues" (Yichong Chen) Rename is_need() to filter_record() for clearer return semantics, fix per-record allocation memory leaks and bound output copies in search_pattern() to address an existing buffer issue - "memcg: bail out reclaim when memcg is dying" (Jiayuan Chen) Mitigate a system-wide stall which occurs when a cgroup is removed while one of its memory control files is doing synchronous reclaim - "mm/memory-failure: add panic option for unrecoverable pages" (Breno Leitao) Introduce an opt-in vm.panic_on_unrecoverable_memory_failure sysctl that immediately panics the kernel on unrecoverable memory errors in kernel-owned pages to preserve error context and prevent delayed, silent data corruption - "mm/damon: refactor damon_{start,stop,commit}() for simple error handling" (SJ Park) Refactor the DAMON core API functions to guarantee that all contexts are fully stopped when damon_start(), damon_stop(), or damon_commit() fail, eliminating the need for complex and error-prone caller-side cleanup code - "Keep tail page private zero at free and folio split" (Zi Yan) Add checks to ensure tail_page->private is zero when freeing compound or high-order pages and when promoting tail pages during large folio splits. By validating these fields at free and split time, it allows the removal of redundant private field clearing inside prep_compound_tail() - "mm: drop redundant lru_add_drain in anon folio reuse paths" (Barry Song) Eliminate redundant lru_add_drain() calls in wp_can_reuse_anon_folio() and do_swap_page() to reduce LRU lock contention and system overhead By validating folio refcounts against the LRU cache before draining and removing unnecessary drains in the swap path, it achieves up to a 30.5% reduction in drain calls during heavy swap workloads - "mm: clean up folio LRU and swap declarations" (Jianyue Wu) Reorganize folio LRU and swap code by relocating page-cluster state to mm/swap_state.c, renaming mm/swap.c to mm/folio.c, and moving MM-internal reclaim declarations into mm/internal.h. - "userfaultfd: working set tracking for VM guest memory" (Kiryl Shutsemau) Add userfaultfd support for tracking the working set of VM guest memory, so a VMM can identify hot pages and reclaim cold ones to tiered or remote storage - "mm: remove CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE (Part 2)" (David Hildenbrand) Remove the remaining pieces of CONFIG_HAVE_BOOTMEM_INFO_NODE, performing some smaller cleanups around freeing of reserved vmemmap pages on the way. - "mm/damon: update probe hits for runtime parameter commits" (SJ Park) Ensure that DAMON's probe_hits attribute counter is properly updated when monitoring intervals are changed at runtime, matching the behavior of nr_accesses. To achieve this, it refactors and renames existing helper functions for shared use, applies the updates to probe_hits, and handles edge cases in damon_probe_hits_mvsum() to maintain measurement accuracy. - "KSM: performance optimizations for rmap_walk_ksm" (xu xin) Resolve a severe KSM reverse-mapping performance bottleneck where thousands of split VMAs sharing a single anon_vma cause extended lock contention. By adding an interval-filtering check during the rmap walk, it reduces worst-case anon_vma lock hold times from over 500ms down to under 2ms, preventing application freezes and latency spikes under memory pressure. - "mm: split a couple of headers from internal.h" (Mike Rapoport) Split declarations related to mm_init, memblock, vmalloc and sparse into new headers - "KSM: use linear_page_index in collect_procs_ksm()" (xu xin) Apply the interval tree optimization from rmap_walk_ksm() to collect_procs_ksm() to avoid iterating over non-matching VMAs during KSM memory error handling. It hoists loop-invariant address initialization and restricts the anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach walk to a targeted page offset range, reducing redundant checks and improving lookup efficiency. - "selftests/mm: avoid false failures in hugetlb and KSM tests" (Sayali Patil) Fix issues in the hugetlb and KSM MM selftest categories that can report failures when the prerequisites for the tests are not satisfied - "mm/damon: introduce data attributes only monitoring" (SJ Park) Introduce attribute-weighted region management in DAMON, allowing users to prioritize specific data attributes (such as page sizes or cgroups) over or instead of access monitoring. By assigning weights to attribute probes, DAMON can completely disable access tracking and adjust monitoring regions based on weighted probe-hit counters to optimize monitoring quality for attribute-focused workloads. - "mm/hmm: Add mmap lock-drop support for userfaultfd-backed mappings" (Stanislav Kinsburskii) Extend hmm_range_fault() to support userfaultfd-backed regions by allowing the mmap lock to be dropped during fault handling via a new hmm_range_fault_locked() helper. By accepting a locked pointer and signaling retry status when lock release occurs, it enables page fault resolution in userfaultfd regions while preserving backward compatibility for existing callers. - "mm: make VMA page offset handling more consistent" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Clean up and standardize how vma->vm_pgoff is accessed and manipulated across file-backed and anonymous mappings in the kernel It introduces dedicated helper functions such as vma_start_pgoff(), vma_end_pgoff(), vma_set_pgoff() and linear_page_delta() while renaming rmap interval tree helpers to better reflect their functionality. These changes establish a cleaner foundation for future work that will unify virtual page offset indexing for all anonymous and CoW'd folios. - "mm: handle device-private PMDs in walk callbacks" (Usama Arif) Address kernel panics and state corruption caused by MM walk callbacks reaching non-present device-private PMD swap entries created during HMM migrations It ensures that functions which acquire pmd_trans_huge_lock() properly recognize device-private PMDs instead of assuming a present THP or a standard migration entry. - "mm/rmap: Refactor try_to_unmap_one" (Dev Jain) Refactor try_to_unmap_one by modularizing Hugetlb, anonymous-lazyfree, and anonymous-swapbacked logic into dedicated functions, laying the structural groundwork for batched anonymous large folio unmapping. - "Docs/ABI/damon: sysfs ABI document fixes and additions" (Song Hu) Fix typos and fills in missing entries in the DAMON sysfs ABI document - "dax/kmem: atomic whole-device hotplug via sysfs" (Gregory Price) Introduce an atomic sysfs state attribute and supporting DAX/MM infrastructure to prevent userland races when offlining and removing entire memory regions By adding an unplugged state alongside standard online modes, it enables whole-device atomic hotplug control while preserving backward compatibility. - "mm: convert more vm_flags_t users to vma_flags_t" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Continue transitioning the kernel from the deprecated vm_flags_t type to vma_flags_t across core memory management infrastructure. It replaces legacy type usage in core functions such as do_mmap(), unmapped area allocation, mm->def_vma_flags, and VMA operations like mlock, mprotect, and mremap. - "Two small patches to clean up mm/mm_slot.h" (xu xin) Refactor mm_slot.h by introducing mm_slot_remove() to unify duplicate slot deletion sequences in khugepaged and KSM. It also adds code documentation explaining why mm_slot_lookup and mm_slot_insert must remain as preprocessor macros rather than static inline functions. - "mm/damon/core: hide core-private struct fields" (SJ Park) Clean up DAMON core structures by consistently marking internal-only fields with private: comment tags to prevent improper direct access from outer layers. It enforces encapsulation across core structures including damon_region, damon_target, and damon_ctx and updates DAMON_SYSFS to interact through approved access APIs instead of exposing raw struct members. - "mm/damon: unurgent fixes for infinite loop, NULL de-ref and races" (SJ Park) Address potential infinite loops, NULL dereferences, and race conditions identified in DAMON It fixes an infinite loop triggered by extreme user configurations, a NULL pointer dereference within unit tests and minor monitoring accuracy degradation caused by subtle runtime races. - "mm/page_alloc: fixes for free_pages_nolock() on RT/UP" (Brendan Jackman) Fix an NMI safety flaw in __free_frozen_pages() where freeing pages on non-SMP or PREEMPT_RT kernels can bypass can_spin_trylock() checks via non-PCP or isolated migration paths. It also resolves potential kernel crashes and privilege escalation risks triggered when BPF tracing runs in NMI context alongside memory hotplug or large allocation frees. - "mm/page_alloc: couple of followups for recent cleanups" (Brendan Jackman) Clean up and update page allocator nomenclature, documentation, and debug assertions. It aligns internal FPI_ flags with the public "nolock" naming convention, removes outdated internal implementation details from high-level page allocator comments, and eliminates obsolete VM_BUG_ON() assertions in allocation paths. - "mm/mseal: further cleanups" (Lorenzo Stoakes) Refactor and simplify the mseal implementation by clarifying API boundaries and removing unnecessary code complexity. It replaces generic do_mseal() usage outside the syscall with a dedicated mseal_mmap_page_zero() helper for MMAP_PAGE_ZERO, eliminates mm_struct parameters to enforce that sealing applies only to current->mm, and streamlines overall logic and comments with no functional changes intended. - "mm/vmscan: fix swappiness=max and clean up per-node proactive reclaim" (Ridong Chen) Resolve reclaim behavior bugs and clean up function parameters across memory reclaim paths It fixes swappiness=max in both standard reclaim and MGLRU so unswappable anonymous memory no longer falls back to evicting page cache, ensures reclaim_store() returns accurate error codes instead of collapsing all failures into -EAGAIN, and removes the obsolete gfp_mask parameter from __node_reclaim(). - "mm: mincore: misc cleanups" (Kefeng Wang) Clean up and simplifies the mincore code. Most importantly, it removes the historical special behavior that always reports VM_PFNMAP pages as non-resident. - "mm/huge_memory: drop dead split helper variants" (Kiryl Shutsemau) Two trivial cleanups in the folio split API - "mm/damon: fix uninitialized DAMOS field and kunit exec expectation bugs" (SJ Park) Resolve minor operational and testing bugs in DAMON identified by Sashiko. It initializes the damos->last_applied field to prevent occasional efficiency degradation and fixes invalid memory accesses in DAMON KUnit tests during test failure handling. - "cleanup for stable_page_flags()" (Jinjiang Tu) Clean up and refactor stable_page_flags() used by /proc/kpageflags without altering functionality. It uses BIT_ULL() to prevent shift-overflow warnings on 64-bit flag bits, converts folio-specific flag checks to standard folio_test_*() helpers, and removes redundant CONFIG_PAGE_IDLE_FLAG handling. - "Batch unmap of uffd-wp file folios" (Dev Jain) Extend batched folio unmapping support to file folios within userfaultfd write-protect (uffd-wp) VMAs by adding batching capabilities to pte_install_uffd_wp_if_needed(). This removes special-case restrictions on uffd-wp VMAs in try_to_unmap_one(), significantly simplifying the function's control flow and complexity. - "mm/early_ioremap: clarify and clean up early_ioremap_reset()" (Sang-Heon Jeon) Clarify and clean up the architecture-specific usage of __late_set_fixmap() and __late_clear_fixmap() after early_ioremap_reset() It adds explicit documentation regarding when early_ioremap_reset() must be called and removes redundant macro definitions and reset calls in the RISC-V and ARM64 architectures. - "mm: fix reclaim storms in defrag_mode" (Johannes Weiner) Address severe performance regressions, swap storms, and spurious OOMs caused by vm.defrag_mode=1 under high memory pressure in Meta production It updates the page allocator slowpath so non-movable allocation requests actively trigger direct reclaim and direct compaction at pageblock_order scale, allowing them to claim whole pageblocks rather than spinning unproductively. - "zram: lockmap tweaks" (Sebastian Siewior) Optimize and fix lockdep tracking for zram devices by consolidating per-entry lockmaps and isolate lock classes across multiple instances This reduces memory overhead by replacing per-entry lockdep_map instances with a single map per struct zram, and assigns a dynamic lock_class_key to each instance to prevent false deadlock reports when different zram devices are backed by distinct filesystems. * tag 'mm-stable-2026-08-18-18-39' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/akpm/mm: (501 commits) selftests/mm: thuge-gen: fix test_shmget() for PAGE_SIZE check selftests/mm: unpoison pages in memory-failure teardown mm/shmem: downgrade final i_blocks check in shmem_evict_inode() to pr_warn() mm/khugepaged: replace mutex_lock/mutex_unlock usage with guard macro mm/zsmalloc: fix release order of locks in zs_page_migrate() Documentation: zram: remove sections numbering ksm: stop iterating VMAs when ksm_test_exit returns true mm: fold userfaultfd_rwp() to false without CONFIG_ARCH_HAS_PTE_PROTNONE mm/migrate: report RCU-tasks quiescent states in migrate_pages_batch() zram: use a custom key for each zram object zram: move lockmap to be per-zram instead per table selftests/mm: fix gup_longterm EINVAL error message mm: page_alloc: fix non-movable reclaim storm in defrag_mode mm: page_alloc: move capture_control to the page allocator mm: compaction: support non-movable compaction for pageblock requests mm: page_alloc: __GFP_FS lockdep annotation for direct compaction hugetlb: evaluate subpool free state while locked mm/damon: remove trailing semicolons after function definitions mm/damon/ops-common: prevent migration fallback to non-target nodes mm/damon: update outdated comment about DAMOS filter handling ...