diff options
Diffstat (limited to 'tools/perf/Documentation')
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/itrace.txt | 6 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-c2c.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-config.txt | 5 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-intel-pt.txt | 2 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-record.txt | 15 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt | 33 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/perf-top.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | tools/perf/Documentation/security.txt | 237 |
8 files changed, 306 insertions, 5 deletions
diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/itrace.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/itrace.txt index 271484754fee..e817179c5027 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/itrace.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/itrace.txt @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ i synthesize instructions events - b synthesize branches events + b synthesize branches events (branch misses for Arm SPE) c synthesize branches events (calls only) r synthesize branches events (returns only) x synthesize transactions events @@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ of aux-output (refer to perf record) e synthesize error events d create a debug log + f synthesize first level cache events + m synthesize last level cache events + t synthesize TLB events + a synthesize remote access events g synthesize a call chain (use with i or x) G synthesize a call chain on existing event records l synthesize last branch entries (use with i or x) diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-c2c.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-c2c.txt index 2133eb320cb0..98efdab5fbd4 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-c2c.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-c2c.txt @@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ RECORD OPTIONS -------------- -e:: --event=:: - Select the PMU event. Use 'perf mem record -e list' + Select the PMU event. Use 'perf c2c record -e list' to list available events. -v:: diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-config.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-config.txt index f16d8a71d3f5..c7d3df5798e2 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-config.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-config.txt @@ -667,6 +667,11 @@ convert.*:: Limit the size of ordered_events queue, so we could control allocation size of perf data files without proper finished round events. +stat.*:: + + stat.big-num:: + (boolean) Change the default for "--big-num". To make + "--no-big-num" the default, set "stat.big-num=false". intel-pt.*:: diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-intel-pt.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-intel-pt.txt index eb8b7d42591a..f4cd49a7fcdb 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-intel-pt.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-intel-pt.txt @@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ The v4.2 kernel introduced support for a context switch metadata event, PERF_RECORD_SWITCH, which allows unprivileged users to see when their processes are scheduled out and in, just not by whom, which is left for the PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE, that is only accessible in system wide context, -which in turn requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN. +which in turn requires CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN. Please see the 45ac1403f564 ("perf: Add PERF_RECORD_SWITCH to indicate context switches") commit, that introduces these metadata events for further info. diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-record.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-record.txt index 561ef55743e2..fa8a5fcd27ab 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-record.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-record.txt @@ -458,7 +458,9 @@ This option sets the time out limit. The default value is 500 ms. --switch-events:: Record context switch events i.e. events of type PERF_RECORD_SWITCH or -PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE. +PERF_RECORD_SWITCH_CPU_WIDE. In some cases (e.g. Intel PT or CoreSight) +switch events will be enabled automatically, which can be suppressed by +by the option --no-switch-events. --clang-path=PATH:: Path to clang binary to use for compiling BPF scriptlets. @@ -613,6 +615,17 @@ appended unit character - B/K/M/G The number of threads to run when synthesizing events for existing processes. By default, the number of threads equals 1. +ifdef::HAVE_LIBPFM[] +--pfm-events events:: +Select a PMU event using libpfm4 syntax (see http://perfmon2.sf.net) +including support for event filters. For example '--pfm-events +inst_retired:any_p:u:c=1:i'. More than one event can be passed to the +option using the comma separator. Hardware events and generic hardware +events cannot be mixed together. The latter must be used with the -e +option. The -e option and this one can be mixed and matched. Events +can be grouped using the {} notation. +endif::HAVE_LIBPFM[] + SEE ALSO -------- linkperf:perf-stat[1], linkperf:perf-list[1], linkperf:perf-intel-pt[1] diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt index 3fb5028aef08..b029ee728a0b 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-stat.txt @@ -71,6 +71,16 @@ report:: --tid=<tid>:: stat events on existing thread id (comma separated list) +ifdef::HAVE_LIBPFM[] +--pfm-events events:: +Select a PMU event using libpfm4 syntax (see http://perfmon2.sf.net) +including support for event filters. For example '--pfm-events +inst_retired:any_p:u:c=1:i'. More than one event can be passed to the +option using the comma separator. Hardware events and generic hardware +events cannot be mixed together. The latter must be used with the -e +option. The -e option and this one can be mixed and matched. Events +can be grouped using the {} notation. +endif::HAVE_LIBPFM[] -a:: --all-cpus:: @@ -93,7 +103,9 @@ report:: -B:: --big-num:: - print large numbers with thousands' separators according to locale + print large numbers with thousands' separators according to locale. + Enabled by default. Use "--no-big-num" to disable. + Default setting can be changed with "perf config stat.big-num=false". -C:: --cpu=:: @@ -234,6 +246,25 @@ filter out the startup phase of the program, which is often very different. Print statistics of transactional execution if supported. +--metric-no-group:: +By default, events to compute a metric are placed in weak groups. The +group tries to enforce scheduling all or none of the events. The +--metric-no-group option places events outside of groups and may +increase the chance of the event being scheduled - leading to more +accuracy. However, as events may not be scheduled together accuracy +for metrics like instructions per cycle can be lower - as both metrics +may no longer be being measured at the same time. + +--metric-no-merge:: +By default metric events in different weak groups can be shared if one +group contains all the events needed by another. In such cases one +group will be eliminated reducing event multiplexing and making it so +that certain groups of metrics sum to 100%. A downside to sharing a +group is that the group may require multiplexing and so accuracy for a +small group that need not have multiplexing is lowered. This option +forbids the event merging logic from sharing events between groups and +may be used to increase accuracy in this case. + STAT RECORD ----------- Stores stat data into perf data file. diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-top.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-top.txt index 20227dabc208..ee2024691d46 100644 --- a/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-top.txt +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/perf-top.txt @@ -329,6 +329,17 @@ Default is to monitor all CPUS. The known limitations include exception handing such as setjmp/longjmp will have calls/returns not match. +ifdef::HAVE_LIBPFM[] +--pfm-events events:: +Select a PMU event using libpfm4 syntax (see http://perfmon2.sf.net) +including support for event filters. For example '--pfm-events +inst_retired:any_p:u:c=1:i'. More than one event can be passed to the +option using the comma separator. Hardware events and generic hardware +events cannot be mixed together. The latter must be used with the -e +option. The -e option and this one can be mixed and matched. Events +can be grouped using the {} notation. +endif::HAVE_LIBPFM[] + INTERACTIVE PROMPTING KEYS -------------------------- diff --git a/tools/perf/Documentation/security.txt b/tools/perf/Documentation/security.txt new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..4fe3b8b1958f --- /dev/null +++ b/tools/perf/Documentation/security.txt @@ -0,0 +1,237 @@ +Overview +======== + +For general security related questions of perf_event_open() syscall usage, +performance monitoring and observability operations by Perf see here: +https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/perf-security.html + +Enabling LSM based mandatory access control (MAC) to perf_event_open() syscall +============================================================================== + +LSM hooks for mandatory access control for perf_event_open() syscall can be +used starting from Linux v5.3. Below are the steps to extend Fedora (v31) with +Targeted policy with perf_event_open() access control capabilities: + +1. Download selinux-policy SRPM package (e.g. selinux-policy-3.14.4-48.fc31.src.rpm on FC31) + and install it so rpmbuild directory would exist in the current working directory: + + # rpm -Uhv selinux-policy-3.14.4-48.fc31.src.rpm + +2. Get into rpmbuild/SPECS directory and unpack the source code: + + # rpmbuild -bp selinux-policy.spec + +3. Place patch below at rpmbuild/BUILD/selinux-policy-b86eaaf4dbcf2d51dd4432df7185c0eaf3cbcc02 + directory and apply it: + + # patch -p1 < selinux-policy-perf-events-perfmon.patch + patching file policy/flask/access_vectors + patching file policy/flask/security_classes + # cat selinux-policy-perf-events-perfmon.patch +diff -Nura a/policy/flask/access_vectors b/policy/flask/access_vectors +--- a/policy/flask/access_vectors 2020-02-04 18:19:53.000000000 +0300 ++++ b/policy/flask/access_vectors 2020-02-28 23:37:25.000000000 +0300 +@@ -174,6 +174,7 @@ + wake_alarm + block_suspend + audit_read ++ perfmon + } + + # +@@ -1099,3 +1100,15 @@ + + class xdp_socket + inherits socket ++ ++class perf_event ++{ ++ open ++ cpu ++ kernel ++ tracepoint ++ read ++ write ++} ++ ++ +diff -Nura a/policy/flask/security_classes b/policy/flask/security_classes +--- a/policy/flask/security_classes 2020-02-04 18:19:53.000000000 +0300 ++++ b/policy/flask/security_classes 2020-02-28 21:35:17.000000000 +0300 +@@ -200,4 +200,6 @@ + + class xdp_socket + ++class perf_event ++ + # FLASK + +4. Get into rpmbuild/SPECS directory and build policy packages from patched sources: + + # rpmbuild --noclean --noprep -ba selinux-policy.spec + + so you have this: + + # ls -alh rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/ + total 33M + drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Mar 20 12:16 . + drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4.0K Mar 20 12:16 .. + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 112K Mar 20 12:16 selinux-policy-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1.2M Mar 20 12:17 selinux-policy-devel-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 2.3M Mar 20 12:17 selinux-policy-doc-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 12M Mar 20 12:17 selinux-policy-minimum-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4.5M Mar 20 12:16 selinux-policy-mls-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 111K Mar 20 12:16 selinux-policy-sandbox-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 14M Mar 20 12:17 selinux-policy-targeted-3.14.4-48.fc31.noarch.rpm + +5. Install SELinux packages from Fedora repo, if not already done so, and + update with the patched rpms above: + + # rpm -Uhv rpmbuild/RPMS/noarch/selinux-policy-* + +6. Enable SELinux Permissive mode for Targeted policy, if not already done so: + + # cat /etc/selinux/config + + # This file controls the state of SELinux on the system. + # SELINUX= can take one of these three values: + # enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced. + # permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing. + # disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded. + SELINUX=permissive + # SELINUXTYPE= can take one of these three values: + # targeted - Targeted processes are protected, + # minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected. + # mls - Multi Level Security protection. + SELINUXTYPE=targeted + +7. Enable filesystem SELinux labeling at the next reboot: + + # touch /.autorelabel + +8. Reboot machine and it will label filesystems and load Targeted policy into the kernel; + +9. Login and check that dmesg output doesn't mention that perf_event class is unknown to SELinux subsystem; + +10. Check that SELinux is enabled and in Permissive mode + + # getenforce + Permissive + +11. Turn SELinux into Enforcing mode: + + # setenforce 1 + # getenforce + Enforcing + +Opening access to perf_event_open() syscall on Fedora with SELinux +================================================================== + +Access to performance monitoring and observability operations by Perf +can be limited for superuser or CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN privileged +processes. MAC policy settings (e.g. SELinux) can be loaded into the kernel +and prevent unauthorized access to perf_event_open() syscall. In such case +Perf tool provides a message similar to the one below: + + # perf stat + Error: + Access to performance monitoring and observability operations is limited. + Enforced MAC policy settings (SELinux) can limit access to performance + monitoring and observability operations. Inspect system audit records for + more perf_event access control information and adjusting the policy. + Consider adjusting /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid setting to open + access to performance monitoring and observability operations for users + without CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN Linux capability. + perf_event_paranoid setting is -1: + -1: Allow use of (almost) all events by all users + Ignore mlock limit after perf_event_mlock_kb without CAP_IPC_LOCK + >= 0: Disallow raw and ftrace function tracepoint access + >= 1: Disallow CPU event access + >= 2: Disallow kernel profiling + To make the adjusted perf_event_paranoid setting permanent preserve it + in /etc/sysctl.conf (e.g. kernel.perf_event_paranoid = <setting>) + +To make sure that access is limited by MAC policy settings inspect system +audit records using journalctl command or /var/log/audit/audit.log so the +output would contain AVC denied records related to perf_event: + + # journalctl --reverse --no-pager | grep perf_event + + python3[1318099]: SELinux is preventing perf from open access on the perf_event labeled unconfined_t. + If you believe that perf should be allowed open access on perf_event labeled unconfined_t by default. + setroubleshoot[1318099]: SELinux is preventing perf from open access on the perf_event labeled unconfined_t. For complete SELinux messages run: sealert -l 4595ce5b-e58f-462c-9d86-3bc2074935de + audit[1318098]: AVC avc: denied { open } for pid=1318098 comm="perf" scontext=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 tcontext=unconfined_u:unconfined_r:unconfined_t:s0-s0:c0.c1023 tclass=perf_event permissive=0 + +In order to open access to perf_event_open() syscall MAC policy settings can +require to be extended. On SELinux system this can be done by loading a special +policy module extending base policy settings. Perf related policy module can +be generated using the system audit records about blocking perf_event access. +Run the command below to generate my-perf.te policy extension file with +perf_event related rules: + + # ausearch -c 'perf' --raw | audit2allow -M my-perf && cat my-perf.te + + module my-perf 1.0; + + require { + type unconfined_t; + class perf_event { cpu kernel open read tracepoint write }; + } + + #============= unconfined_t ============== + allow unconfined_t self:perf_event { cpu kernel open read tracepoint write }; + +Now compile, pack and load my-perf.pp extension module into the kernel: + + # checkmodule -M -m -o my-perf.mod my-perf.te + # semodule_package -o my-perf.pp -m my-perf.mod + # semodule -X 300 -i my-perf.pp + +After all those taken steps above access to perf_event_open() syscall should +now be allowed by the policy settings. Check access running Perf like this: + + # perf stat + ^C + Performance counter stats for 'system wide': + + 36,387.41 msec cpu-clock # 7.999 CPUs utilized + 2,629 context-switches # 0.072 K/sec + 57 cpu-migrations # 0.002 K/sec + 1 page-faults # 0.000 K/sec + 263,721,559 cycles # 0.007 GHz + 175,746,713 instructions # 0.67 insn per cycle + 19,628,798 branches # 0.539 M/sec + 1,259,201 branch-misses # 6.42% of all branches + + 4.549061439 seconds time elapsed + +The generated perf-event.pp related policy extension module can be removed +from the kernel using this command: + + # semodule -X 300 -r my-perf + +Alternatively the module can be temporarily disabled and enabled back using +these two commands: + + # semodule -d my-perf + # semodule -e my-perf + +If something went wrong +======================= + +To turn SELinux into Permissive mode: + # setenforce 0 + +To fully disable SELinux during kernel boot [3] set kernel command line parameter selinux=0 + +To remove SELinux labeling from local filesystems: + # find / -mount -print0 | xargs -0 setfattr -h -x security.selinux + +To fully turn SELinux off a machine set SELINUX=disabled at /etc/selinux/config file and reboot; + +Links +===== + +[1] https://download-ib01.fedoraproject.org/pub/fedora/linux/updates/31/Everything/SRPMS/Packages/s/selinux-policy-3.14.4-49.fc31.src.rpm +[2] https://docs.fedoraproject.org/en-US/Fedora/11/html/Security-Enhanced_Linux/sect-Security-Enhanced_Linux-Working_with_SELinux-Enabling_and_Disabling_SELinux.html +[3] https://danwalsh.livejournal.com/10972.html |