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2026-04-18liveupdate: synchronize lazy initialization of FLB private statePasha Tatashin1-1/+6
The luo_flb_get_private() function, which is responsible for lazily initializing the private state of FLB objects, can be called concurrently from multiple threads. This creates a data race on the 'initialized' flag and can lead to multiple executions of mutex_init() and INIT_LIST_HEAD() on the same memory. Introduce a static spinlock (luo_flb_init_lock) local to the function to synchronize the initialization path. Use smp_load_acquire() and smp_store_release() for memory ordering between the fast path and the slow path. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260327033335.696621-3-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18liveupdate: safely print untrusted stringsPasha Tatashin2-2/+4
Patch series "liveupdate: Fix module unloading and unregister API", v3. This patch series addresses an issue with how LUO handles module reference counting and unregistration during a module unload (e.g., via rmmod). Currently, modules that register live update file handlers are pinned for the entire duration they are registered. This prevents the modules from being unloaded gracefully, even when no live update session is in progress. Furthermore, if a module is forcefully unloaded, the unregistration functions return an error (e.g. -EBUSY) if a session is active, which is ignored by the kernel's module unload path, leaving dangling pointers in the LUO global lists. To resolve these issues, this series introduces the following changes: 1. Adds a global read-write semaphore (luo_register_rwlock) to protect the registration lists for both file handlers and FLBs. 2. Reduces the scope of module reference counting for file handlers and FLBs. Instead of pinning modules indefinitely upon registration, references are now taken only when they are actively used in a live update session (e.g., during preservation, retrieval, or deserialization). 3. Removes the global luo_session_quiesce() mechanism since module unload behavior now handles active sessions implicitly. 4. Introduces auto-unregistration of FLBs during file handler unregistration to prevent leaving dangling resources. 5. Changes the unregistration functions to return void instead of an error code. 6. Fixes a data race in luo_flb_get_private() by introducing a spinlock for thread-safe lazy initialization. 7. Strengthens security by using %.*s when printing untrusted deserialized compatible strings and session names to prevent out-of-bounds reads. This patch (of 10): Deserialized strings from KHO data (such as file handler compatible strings and session names) are provided by the previous kernel and might not be null-terminated if the data is corrupted or maliciously crafted. When printing these strings in error messages, use the %.*s format specifier with the maximum buffer size to prevent out-of-bounds reads into adjacent kernel memory. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260327033335.696621-1-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260327033335.696621-2-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: vmscan: fix dirty folios throttling on cgroup v1 for MGLRUBaolin Wang1-1/+16
The balance_dirty_pages() won't do the dirty folios throttling on cgroupv1. See commit 9badce000e2c ("cgroup, writeback: don't enable cgroup writeback on traditional hierarchies"). Moreover, after commit 6b0dfabb3555 ("fs: Remove aops->writepage"), we no longer attempt to write back filesystem folios through reclaim. On large memory systems, the flusher may not be able to write back quickly enough. Consequently, MGLRU will encounter many folios that are already under writeback. Since we cannot reclaim these dirty folios, the system may run out of memory and trigger the OOM killer. Hence, for cgroup v1, let's throttle reclaim after waking up the flusher, which is similar to commit 81a70c21d917 ("mm/cgroup/reclaim: fix dirty pages throttling on cgroup v1"), to avoid unnecessary OOM. The following test program can easily reproduce the OOM issue. With this patch applied, the test passes successfully. $mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test $echo 256M > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test/memory.limit_in_bytes $echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test/cgroup.procs $dd if=/dev/zero of=/mnt/data.bin bs=1M count=800 Link: https://lore.kernel.org/3445af0f09e8ca945492e052e82594f8c4f2e2f6.1774606060.git.baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com Fixes: ac35a4902374 ("mm: multi-gen LRU: minimal implementation") Signed-off-by: Baolin Wang <baolin.wang@linux.alibaba.com> Reviewed-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18selftests: liveupdate: add test for double preservationPasha Tatashin1-0/+41
Verify that a file can only be preserved once across all active sessions. Attempting to preserve it a second time, whether in the same or a different session, should fail with EBUSY. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260326163943.574070-4-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18memfd: implement get_id for memfd_luoPasha Tatashin1-0/+6
Memfds are identified by their underlying inode. Implement get_id for memfd_luo to return the inode pointer. This prevents the same memfd from being managed twice by LUO if the same inode is pointed by multiple file objects. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260326163943.574070-3-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav (Google) <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18liveupdate: prevent double management of filesPasha Tatashin2-2/+32
Patch series "liveupdate: prevent double preservation", v4. Currently, LUO does not prevent the same file from being managed twice across different active sessions. Because LUO preserves files of absolutely different types: memfd, and upcoming vfiofd [1], iommufd [2], guestmefd (and possible kvmfd/cpufd). There is no common private data or guarantee on how to prevent that the same file is not preserved twice beside using inode or some slower and expensive method like hashtables. This patch (of 4) Currently, LUO does not prevent the same file from being managed twice across different active sessions. Use a global xarray luo_preserved_files to keep track of file identifiers being preserved by LUO. Update luo_preserve_file() to check and insert the file identifier into this xarray when it is preserved, and erase it in luo_file_unpreserve_files() when it is released. To allow handlers to define what constitutes a "unique" file (e.g., different struct file objects pointing to the same hardware resource), add a get_id() callback to struct liveupdate_file_ops. If not provided, the default identifier is the struct file pointer itself. This ensures that the same file (or resource) cannot be managed by multiple sessions. If another session attempts to preserve an already managed file, it will now fail with -EBUSY. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260326163943.574070-1-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260326163943.574070-2-pasha.tatashin@soleen.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260129212510.967611-1-dmatlack@google.com [1] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260203220948.2176157-1-skhawaja@google.com [2] Signed-off-by: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Reviewed-by: Samiullah Khawaja <skhawaja@google.com> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: David Matlack <dmatlack@google.com> Cc: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <shuah@kernel.org> Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18kho: document kexec-metadata tracking featureBreno Leitao1-0/+39
Add documentation for the kexec-metadata feature that tracks the previous kernel version and kexec boot count across kexec reboots. This helps diagnose bugs that only reproduce when kexecing from specific kernel versions. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260316-kho-v9-6-ed6dcd951988@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Suggested-by: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18kho: kexec-metadata: track previous kernel chainBreno Leitao2-0/+144
Use Kexec Handover (KHO) to pass the previous kernel's version string and the number of kexec reboots since the last cold boot to the next kernel, and print it at boot time. Example output: [ 0.000000] KHO: exec from: 6.19.0-rc4-next-20260107 (count 1) Motivation ========== Bugs that only reproduce when kexecing from specific kernel versions are difficult to diagnose. These issues occur when a buggy kernel kexecs into a new kernel, with the bug manifesting only in the second kernel. Recent examples include the following commits: * commit eb2266312507 ("x86/boot: Fix page table access in 5-level to 4-level paging transition") * commit 77d48d39e991 ("efistub/tpm: Use ACPI reclaim memory for event log to avoid corruption") * commit 64b45dd46e15 ("x86/efi: skip memattr table on kexec boot") As kexec-based reboots become more common, these version-dependent bugs are appearing more frequently. At scale, correlating crashes to the previous kernel version is challenging, especially when issues only occur in specific transition scenarios. Implementation ============== The kexec metadata is stored as a plain C struct (struct kho_kexec_metadata) rather than FDT format, for simplicity and direct field access. It is registered via kho_add_subtree() as a separate subtree, keeping it independent from the core KHO ABI. This design choice: - Keeps the core KHO ABI minimal and stable - Allows the metadata format to evolve independently - Avoids requiring version bumps for all KHO consumers (LUO, etc.) when the metadata format changes The struct kho_kexec_metadata contains two fields: - previous_release: The kernel version that initiated the kexec - kexec_count: Number of kexec boots since last cold boot On cold boot, kexec_count starts at 0 and increments with each kexec. The count helps identify issues that only manifest after multiple consecutive kexec reboots. [leitao@debian.org: call kho_kexec_metadata_init() for both boot paths] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20260309-kho-v8-5-c3abcf4ac750@debian.org/ [1] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260409-kho_fix_merge_issue-v1-1-710c84ceaa85@debian.org Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260316-kho-v9-5-ed6dcd951988@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18kho: fix kho_in_debugfs_init() to handle non-FDT blobsBreno Leitao1-11/+21
kho_in_debugfs_init() calls fdt_totalsize() to determine blob sizes, which assumes all blobs are FDTs. This breaks for non-FDT blobs like struct kho_kexec_metadata. Fix this by reading the "blob-size" property from the FDT (persisted by kho_add_subtree()) instead of calling fdt_totalsize(). Also rename local variables from fdt_phys/sub_fdt to blob_phys/blob for consistency with the non-FDT-specific naming. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260316-kho-v9-4-ed6dcd951988@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18kho: persist blob size in KHO FDTBreno Leitao7-15/+46
kho_add_subtree() accepts a size parameter but only forwards it to debugfs. The size is not persisted in the KHO FDT, so it is lost across kexec. This makes it impossible for the incoming kernel to determine the blob size without understanding the blob format. Store the blob size as a "blob-size" property in the KHO FDT alongside the "preserved-data" physical address. This allows the receiving kernel to recover the size for any blob regardless of format. Also extend kho_retrieve_subtree() with an optional size output parameter so callers can learn the blob size without needing to understand the blob format. Update all callers to pass NULL for the new parameter. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260316-kho-v9-3-ed6dcd951988@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18kho: rename fdt parameter to blob in kho_add/remove_subtree()Breno Leitao5-41/+43
Since kho_add_subtree() now accepts arbitrary data blobs (not just FDTs), rename the parameter from 'fdt' to 'blob' to better reflect its purpose. Apply the same rename to kho_remove_subtree() for consistency. Also rename kho_debugfs_fdt_add() and kho_debugfs_fdt_remove() to kho_debugfs_blob_add() and kho_debugfs_blob_remove() respectively, with the same parameter rename from 'fdt' to 'blob'. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260316-kho-v9-2-ed6dcd951988@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18kho: add size parameter to kho_add_subtree()Breno Leitao7-16/+24
Patch series "kho: history: track previous kernel version and kexec boot count", v9. Use Kexec Handover (KHO) to pass the previous kernel's version string and the number of kexec reboots since the last cold boot to the next kernel, and print it at boot time. Example ======= [ 0.000000] Linux version 6.19.0-rc3-upstream-00047-ge5d992347849 ... [ 0.000000] KHO: exec from: 6.19.0-rc4-next-20260107upstream-00004-g3071b0dc4498 (count 1) Motivation ========== Bugs that only reproduce when kexecing from specific kernel versions are difficult to diagnose. These issues occur when a buggy kernel kexecs into a new kernel, with the bug manifesting only in the second kernel. Recent examples include: * eb2266312507 ("x86/boot: Fix page table access in 5-level to 4-level paging transition") * 77d48d39e991 ("efistub/tpm: Use ACPI reclaim memory for event log to avoid corruption") * 64b45dd46e15 ("x86/efi: skip memattr table on kexec boot") As kexec-based reboots become more common, these version-dependent bugs are appearing more frequently. At scale, correlating crashes to the previous kernel version is challenging, especially when issues only occur in specific transition scenarios. Some bugs manifest only after multiple consecutive kexec reboots. Tracking the kexec count helps identify these cases (this metric is already used by live update sub-system). KHO provides a reliable mechanism to pass information between kernels. By carrying the previous kernel's release string and kexec count forward, we can print this context at boot time to aid debugging. The goal of this feature is to have this information being printed in early boot, so, users can trace back kernel releases in kexec. Systemd is not helpful because we cannot assume that the previous kernel has systemd or even write access to the disk (common when using Linux as bootloaders) This patch (of 6): kho_add_subtree() assumes the fdt argument is always an FDT and calls fdt_totalsize() on it in the debugfs code path. This assumption will break if a caller passes arbitrary data instead of an FDT. When CONFIG_KEXEC_HANDOVER_DEBUGFS is enabled, kho_debugfs_fdt_add() calls __kho_debugfs_fdt_add(), which executes: f->wrapper.size = fdt_totalsize(fdt); Fix this by adding an explicit size parameter to kho_add_subtree() so callers specify the blob size. This allows subtrees to contain arbitrary data formats, not just FDTs. Update all callers: - memblock.c: use fdt_totalsize(fdt) - luo_core.c: use fdt_totalsize(fdt_out) - test_kho.c: use fdt_totalsize() - kexec_handover.c (root fdt): use fdt_totalsize(kho_out.fdt) Also update __kho_debugfs_fdt_add() to receive the size explicitly instead of computing it internally via fdt_totalsize(). In kho_in_debugfs_init(), pass fdt_totalsize() for the root FDT and sub-blobs since all current users are FDTs. A subsequent patch will persist the size in the KHO FDT so the incoming side can handle non-FDT blobs correctly. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260323110747.193569-1-duanchenghao@kylinos.cn Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260316-kho-v9-1-ed6dcd951988@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Suggested-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Mike Rapoport (Microsoft) <rppt@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Pratyush Yadav <pratyush@kernel.org> Cc: Alexander Graf <graf@amazon.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net> Cc: "Liam R. Howlett" <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Pasha Tatashin <pasha.tatashin@soleen.com> Cc: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Cc: Shuah Khan <skhan@linuxfoundation.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: kmemleak: add CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_VERBOSE build optionBreno Leitao2-1/+12
Add a Kconfig option to default kmemleak verbose mode on at build time. This option depends on DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_AUTO_SCAN since verbose reporting is only meaningful when the automatic scanning thread is running. When enabled, kmemleak prints full details (backtrace, hex dump, address) of unreferenced objects to dmesg as they are detected during scanning, removing the need to manually read /sys/kernel/debug/kmemleak. Making this a compile-time option rather than a boot parameter allows debug kernel flavors to enable verbose kmemleak reporting by default without requiring changes to boot arguments. A machine can simply swap to a debug kernel and benefit from kmemleak reporting automatically. By surfacing leak reports directly in dmesg, they are automatically forwarded through any kernel logging infrastructure and can be easily captured by log aggregation tooling, making it practical to monitor memory leaks across large fleets. The verbose setting can still be toggled at runtime via /sys/module/kmemleak/parameters/verbose. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260323-kmemleak_report-v1-1-ba2cdd9c11b9@debian.org Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org> Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Liam Howlett <liam.howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18MAINTAINERS: update MGLRU entry to reflect current statusLorenzo Stoakes (Oracle)1-2/+6
We are moving to a far more proactive model of maintainership within mm and thus put a great deal of emphasis on sub-maintainers being active within the community both in terms of code contributions and review. The MGLRU has not had much activity since being added to the kernel and the current maintainers who kindly stepped up have unfortunately not been able to contribute a great deal to it for over a year, nor engage all that heavily in review. As a result, and within no negative connotations implied whatsoever, it seems appropriate to downgrade the current maintainers to reviewers. At this time nobody is quite exercising the maintainer role in this area of the kernel, but there is encouraging activity from a number of people who are trusted elsewhere in the kernel, and who have contributed relevant work or review. Therefore add further reviewers, and at this stage - to reflect the reality on the ground - we will not have any sub-maintainers listed at all. Each of the files listed are shared with other sections in MAINTAINERS, so this doesn't reduce sub-maintainer coverage. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260326185629.355476-1-ljs@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Acked-by: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Acked-by: Vlastimil Babka (SUSE) <vbabka@kernel.org> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Arm) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org> Acked-by: SeongJae Park <sj@kernel.org> Acked-by: Kairui Song <kasong@tencent.com> Acked-by: Qi Zheng <qi.zheng@linux.dev> Acked-by: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh@google.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: correct the nr_pages parameter type of mem_cgroup_update_lru_size()Qi Zheng2-3/+3
The nr_pages parameter of mem_cgroup_update_lru_size() represents a page count. During the reparenting of LRU folios, the value passed to it can potentially exceed the maximum value of a 32-bit integer. It should be declared as long instead of int to match the types used in lruvec size accounting and to prevent possible overflow. Update the parameter type to long to ensure correctness. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/fd4140de44fa0a3978e4e2426731187fe8625f0b.1774604356.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: change val type to long in __mod_memcg_{lruvec_}state()Qi Zheng2-11/+17
The __mod_memcg_state() and __mod_memcg_lruvec_state() functions are also used to reparent non-hierarchical stats. In this scenario, the values passed to them are accumulated statistics that might be extremely large and exceed the upper limit of a 32-bit integer. Change the val parameter type from int to long in these functions and their corresponding tracepoints (memcg_rstat_stats) to prevent potential overflow issues. After that, in memcg_state_val_in_pages(), if the passed val is negative, the expression val * unit / PAGE_SIZE could be implicitly converted to a massive positive number when compared with 1UL in the max() macro. This leads to returning an incorrect massive positive value. Fix this by using abs(val) to calculate the magnitude first, and then restoring the sign of the value before returning the result. Additionally, use mult_frac() to prevent potential overflow during the multiplication of val and unit. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/70a9440e49c464b4dca88bcabc6b491bd335c9f0.1774604356.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reported-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: correct the type of stats_updates to unsigned longQi Zheng1-9/+9
Patch series "fix unexpected type conversions and potential overflows", v3. As Harry Yoo pointed out [1], in scenarios where massive state updates occur (e.g., during the reparenting of LRU folios), the values passed to memcg stat update functions can accumulate and exceed the upper limit of a 32-bit integer. If the parameter types are not large enough (like 'int') or are handled incorrectly, it can lead to severe truncation, potential overflow issues, and unexpected type conversion bugs. This series aims to address these issues by correcting the parameter types in the relevant functions, and by fixing an implicit conversion bug in memcg_state_val_in_pages(). This patch (of 3): The memcg_rstat_updated() tracks updates for vmstats_percpu->state and lruvec_stats_percpu->state. Since these state values are of type long, change the val parameter passed to memcg_rstat_updated() to long as well. Correspondingly, change the type of stats_updates in struct memcg_vmstats_percpu and struct memcg_vmstats from unsigned int and atomic_t to unsigned long and atomic_long_t respectively to prevent potential overflow when handling large state updates during the reparenting of LRU folios. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/cover.1774604356.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/a5b0b468e7b4fe5f26c50e36d5d016f16d92f98f.1774604356.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/acDxaEgnqPI-Z4be@hyeyoo/ [1] Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo (Oracle) <harry@kernel.org> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: lru: add VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO to lru maintenance helpersMuchun Song2-1/+6
We must ensure the folio is deleted from or added to the correct lruvec list. So, add VM_WARN_ON_ONCE_FOLIO() to catch invalid users. The VM_BUG_ON_PAGE() in move_pages_to_lru() can be removed as add_page_to_lru_list() will perform the necessary check. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/2c90fc006d9d730331a3caeef96f7e5dabe2036d.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: eliminate the problem of dying memory cgroup for LRU foliosMuchun Song3-135/+151
Now that everything is set up, switch folio->memcg_data pointers to objcgs, update the accessors, and execute reparenting on cgroup death. Finally, folio->memcg_data of LRU folios and kmem folios will always point to an object cgroup pointer. The folio->memcg_data of slab folios will point to an vector of object cgroups. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/80cb7af198dc6f2173fe616d1207a4c315ece141.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: convert objcg to be per-memcg per-node typeQi Zheng3-42/+75
Convert objcg to be per-memcg per-node type, so that when reparent LRU folios later, we can hold the lru lock at the node level, thus avoiding holding too many lru locks at once. [zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com: reset pn->orig_objcg to NULL] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260309112939.31937-1-qi.zheng@linux.dev [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix comment typo, per Usama. Reflow comment to 80 cols] [devnexen@gmail.com: fix obj_cgroup leak in mem_cgroup_css_online() error path] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260322193631.45457-1-devnexen@gmail.com [devnexen@gmail.com: add newline, per Qi Zheng] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260323063007.7783-1-devnexen@gmail.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/56c04b1c5d54f75ccdc12896df6c1ca35403ecc3.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: David Carlier <devnexen@gmail.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usama.arif@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: prepare for reparenting non-hierarchical statsQi Zheng4-4/+125
To resolve the dying memcg issue, we need to reparent LRU folios of child memcg to its parent memcg. This could cause problems for non-hierarchical stats. As Yosry Ahmed pointed out: In short, if memory is charged to a dying cgroup at the time of reparenting, when the memory gets uncharged the stats updates will occur at the parent. This will update both hierarchical and non-hierarchical stats of the parent, which would corrupt the parent's non-hierarchical stats (because those counters were never incremented when the memory was charged). Now we have the following two types of non-hierarchical stats, and they are only used in CONFIG_MEMCG_V1: a. memcg->vmstats->state_local[i] b. pn->lruvec_stats->state_local[i] To ensure that these non-hierarchical stats work properly, we need to reparent these non-hierarchical stats after reparenting LRU folios. To this end, this commit makes the following preparations: 1. implement reparent_state_local() to reparent non-hierarchical stats 2. make css_killed_work_fn() to be called in rcu work, and implement get_non_dying_memcg_start() and get_non_dying_memcg_end() to avoid race between mod_memcg_state()/mod_memcg_lruvec_state() and reparent_state_local() Link: https://lore.kernel.org/e862995c45a7101a541284b6ebee5e5c32c89066.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Co-developed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: refactor mod_memcg_state() and mod_memcg_lruvec_state()Qi Zheng1-19/+31
Refactor the memcg_reparent_objcgs() to facilitate subsequent reparenting non-hierarchical stats. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/7f8bd3aacec2270b9453428fc8585cca9f10751e.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Co-developed-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: workingset: use lruvec_lru_size() to get the number of lru pagesQi Zheng3-4/+5
For cgroup v2, count_shadow_nodes() is the only place to read non-hierarchical stats (lruvec_stats->state_local). To avoid the need to consider cgroup v2 during subsequent non-hierarchical stats reparenting, use lruvec_lru_size() instead of lruvec_page_state_local() to get the number of lru pages. For NR_SLAB_RECLAIMABLE_B and NR_SLAB_UNRECLAIMABLE_B cases, it appears that the statistics here have already been problematic for a while since slab pages have been reparented. So just ignore it for now. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/b1d448c667a8fb377c3390d9aba43bdb7e4d5739.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: refactor memcg_reparent_objcgs()Qi Zheng1-5/+24
Refactor the memcg_reparent_objcgs() to facilitate subsequent reparenting LRU folios here. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/2e5696db1993e593a51004c1dacedbc261689629.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: vmscan: prepare for reparenting MGLRU foliosQi Zheng2-0/+159
Similar to traditional LRU folios, in order to solve the dying memcg problem, we also need to reparenting MGLRU folios to the parent memcg when memcg offline. However, there are the following challenges: 1. Each lruvec has between MIN_NR_GENS and MAX_NR_GENS generations, the number of generations of the parent and child memcg may be different, so we cannot simply transfer MGLRU folios in the child memcg to the parent memcg as we did for traditional LRU folios. 2. The generation information is stored in folio->flags, but we cannot traverse these folios while holding the lru lock, otherwise it may cause softlockup. 3. In walk_update_folio(), the gen of folio and corresponding lru size may be updated, but the folio is not immediately moved to the corresponding lru list. Therefore, there may be folios of different generations on an LRU list. 4. In lru_gen_del_folio(), the generation to which the folio belongs is found based on the generation information in folio->flags, and the corresponding LRU size will be updated. Therefore, we need to update the lru size correctly during reparenting, otherwise the lru size may be updated incorrectly in lru_gen_del_folio(). Finally, this patch chose a compromise method, which is to splice the lru list in the child memcg to the lru list of the same generation in the parent memcg during reparenting. And in order to ensure that the parent memcg has the same generation, we need to increase the generations in the parent memcg to the MAX_NR_GENS before reparenting. Of course, the same generation has different meanings in the parent and child memcg, this will cause confusion in the hot and cold information of folios. But other than that, this method is simple enough, the lru size is correct, and there is no need to consider some concurrency issues (such as lru_gen_del_folio()). To prepare for the above work, this commit implements the specific functions, which will be used during reparenting. [zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com: use list_splice_tail_init() to reparent child folios] Link: https://lore.kernel.org/20260324114937.28569-1-qi.zheng@linux.dev Link: https://lore.kernel.org/e75050354cdbc42221a04f7cf133292b61105548.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Suggested-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Suggested-by: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Acked-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: vmscan: prepare for reparenting traditional LRU foliosQi Zheng3-19/+54
To resolve the dying memcg issue, we need to reparent LRU folios of child memcg to its parent memcg. For traditional LRU list, each lruvec of every memcg comprises four LRU lists. Due to the symmetry of the LRU lists, it is feasible to transfer the LRU lists from a memcg to its parent memcg during the reparenting process. This commit implements the specific function, which will be used during the reparenting process. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/a92d217a9fc82bd0c401210204a095caaf615b1c.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: prepare for reparenting LRU pages for lruvec lockMuchun Song5-52/+73
The following diagram illustrates how to ensure the safety of the folio lruvec lock when LRU folios undergo reparenting. In the folio_lruvec_lock(folio) function: rcu_read_lock(); retry: lruvec = folio_lruvec(folio); /* There is a possibility of folio reparenting at this point. */ spin_lock(&lruvec->lru_lock); if (unlikely(lruvec_memcg(lruvec) != folio_memcg(folio))) { /* * The wrong lruvec lock was acquired, and a retry is required. * This is because the folio resides on the parent memcg lruvec * list. */ spin_unlock(&lruvec->lru_lock); goto retry; } /* Reaching here indicates that folio_memcg() is stable. */ In the memcg_reparent_objcgs(memcg) function: spin_lock(&lruvec->lru_lock); spin_lock(&lruvec_parent->lru_lock); /* Transfer folios from the lruvec list to the parent's. */ spin_unlock(&lruvec_parent->lru_lock); spin_unlock(&lruvec->lru_lock); After acquiring the lruvec lock, it is necessary to verify whether the folio has been reparented. If reparenting has occurred, the new lruvec lock must be reacquired. During the LRU folio reparenting process, the lruvec lock will also be acquired (this will be implemented in a subsequent patch). Therefore, folio_memcg() remains unchanged while the lruvec lock is held. Given that lruvec_memcg(lruvec) is always equal to folio_memcg(folio) after the lruvec lock is acquired, the lruvec_memcg_debug() check is redundant. Hence, it is removed. This patch serves as a preparation for the reparenting of LRU folios. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/23f22cbb1419f277a3483018b32158ae2b86c666.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: do not open-code lruvec lockQi Zheng2-19/+24
Now we have lruvec_unlock(), lruvec_unlock_irq() and lruvec_unlock_irqrestore(), but no the paired lruvec_lock(), lruvec_lock_irq() and lruvec_lock_irqsave(). There is currently no use case for lruvec_lock_irqsave(), so only introduce lruvec_lock_irq(), and change all open-code places to use this helper function. This looks cleaner and prepares for reparenting LRU pages, preventing user from missing RCU lock calls due to open-code lruvec lock. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/2d0bafe7564e17ece46dfd58197af22ce57017dc.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: workingset: prevent lruvec release in workingset_activation()Muchun Song1-1/+4
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. So an lruvec returned by folio_lruvec() could be released without the rcu read lock or a reference to its memory cgroup. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the lruvec in workingset_activation(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/c6130476affbba0a7d309a887c3df11e0167990b.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: swap: prevent lruvec release in lru_gen_clear_refs()Muchun Song1-3/+5
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. So an lruvec returned by folio_lruvec() could be released without the rcu read lock or a reference to its memory cgroup. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the lruvec in lru_gen_clear_refs(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/986cd26227191a48a7c34a2a15812d361f4ebd53.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: zswap: prevent lruvec release in zswap_folio_swapin()Muchun Song1-0/+2
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. So an lruvec returned by folio_lruvec() could be released without the rcu read lock or a reference to its memory cgroup. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the lruvec in zswap_folio_swapin(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/02b3f76ee8d1132f69ac5baaedce38fb82b09a48.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Reviewed-by: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: workingset: prevent lruvec release in workingset_refault()Muchun Song1-2/+6
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. So an lruvec returned by folio_lruvec() could be released without the rcu read lock or a reference to its memory cgroup. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the lruvec in workingset_refault(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/e3a8c19a9b18422b43213f6c89c451c5b6ca1577.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: zswap: prevent memory cgroup release in zswap_compress()Qi Zheng1-0/+3
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in zswap_compress(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/340f315050fb8a67caaf01b4836d4f38a41cf1a8.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: thp: prevent memory cgroup release in folio_split_queue_lock{_irqsave}()Qi Zheng1-2/+18
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in folio_split_queue_lock{_irqsave}(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/ca2957c0df1126b2c71b40c738018fd5255525a6.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: workingset: prevent memory cgroup release in lru_gen_eviction()Muchun Song1-2/+7
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in lru_gen_eviction(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/f37e8ae2d84ddc690813d834cd75735d52d1bc78.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: prevent memory cgroup release in mem_cgroup_swap_full()Muchun Song1-8/+10
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in mem_cgroup_swap_full(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/21d1abab7342615745ea4c18a88237335ab44d13.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: mglru: prevent memory cgroup release in mglruMuchun Song1-6/+16
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in mglru. This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/9d887662a9d39c425742dd8468e3123316bccfe3.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: migrate: prevent memory cgroup release in folio_migrate_mapping()Muchun Song1-0/+2
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In __folio_migrate_mapping(), the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in folio_migrate_mapping(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/0f156c2f1188f256855617953f8305f43e066065.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: page_io: prevent memory cgroup release in page_io moduleMuchun Song1-2/+6
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in swap_writeout() and bio_associate_blkg_from_page(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/7c3708358412fb02c482d0985feb5e9513a863ef.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: prevent memory cgroup release in count_memcg_folio_events()Muchun Song1-3/+8
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in count_memcg_folio_events(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/dea6aa0389367f7fd6b715c8837a2cf7506bd889.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18writeback: prevent memory cgroup release in writeback moduleMuchun Song4-19/+29
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the function get_mem_cgroup_css_from_folio() and the rcu read lock are employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup. This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/645f99bc344575417f67def3744f975596df2793.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18buffer: prevent memory cgroup release in folio_alloc_buffers()Muchun Song1-2/+2
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the function get_mem_cgroup_from_folio() is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup. This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/d6d48fdcf329c549373ac0a1c80fd9f38067e34e.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: prevent memory cgroup release in get_mem_cgroup_from_folio()Muchun Song1-3/+7
In the near future, a folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. To ensure safety, it will only be appropriate to hold the rcu read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup returned by folio_memcg(), thereby preventing it from being released. In the current patch, the rcu read lock is employed to safeguard against the release of the memory cgroup in get_mem_cgroup_from_folio(). This serves as a preparatory measure for the reparenting of the LRU pages. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/a5a64c6173a566bd21534606aeaaa9220cb1366d.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: return root object cgroup for root memory cgroupMuchun Song3-28/+45
Memory cgroup functions such as get_mem_cgroup_from_folio() and get_mem_cgroup_from_mm() return a valid memory cgroup pointer, even for the root memory cgroup. In contrast, the situation for object cgroups has been different. Previously, the root object cgroup couldn't be returned because it didn't exist. Now that a valid root object cgroup exists, for the sake of consistency, it's necessary to align the behavior of object-cgroup-related operations with that of memory cgroup APIs. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/e9c3f40ba7681d9753372d4ee2ac7a0216848b95.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: allocate object cgroup for non-kmem caseMuchun Song1-27/+24
To allow LRU page reparenting, the objcg infrastructure is no longer solely applicable to the kmem case. In this patch, we extend the scope of the objcg infrastructure beyond the kmem case, enabling LRU folios to reuse it for folio charging purposes. It should be noted that LRU folios are not accounted for at the root level, yet the folio->memcg_data points to the root_mem_cgroup. Hence, the folio->memcg_data of LRU folios always points to a valid pointer. However, the root_mem_cgroup does not possess an object cgroup. Therefore, we also allocate an object cgroup for the root_mem_cgroup. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/b77274aa8e3f37c419bedf4782943fd5885dda82.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: vmscan: refactor move_folios_to_lru()Muchun Song1-25/+21
In a subsequent patch, we'll reparent the LRU folios. The folios that are moved to the appropriate LRU list can undergo reparenting during the move_folios_to_lru() process. Hence, it's incorrect for the caller to hold a lruvec lock. Instead, we should utilize the more general interface of folio_lruvec_relock_irq() to obtain the correct lruvec lock. This patch involves only code refactoring and doesn't introduce any functional changes. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/6f1dac88b61e2e3cb7a3e90bacdf06b654acfc15.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: vmscan: prepare for the refactoring the move_folios_to_lru()Qi Zheng1-3/+3
Once we refactor move_folios_to_lru(), its callers will no longer have to hold the lruvec lock; For shrink_inactive_list(), shrink_active_list() and evict_folios(), IRQ disabling is only needed for __count_vm_events() and __mod_node_page_state(). To avoid using local_irq_disable() on the PREEMPT_RT kernel, let's make all callers of move_folios_to_lru() use IRQ-safed count_vm_events() and mod_node_page_state(). Link: https://lore.kernel.org/b3a202f1787b0857bb6cbe059fffb8edefaf67b7.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Reviewed-by: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: rename unlock_page_lruvec_irq and its variantsMuchun Song6-22/+22
It is inappropriate to use folio_lruvec_lock() variants in conjunction with unlock_page_lruvec() variants, as this involves the inconsistent operation of locking a folio while unlocking a page. To rectify this, the functions unlock_page_lruvec{_irq, _irqrestore} are renamed to lruvec_unlock{_irq,_irqrestore}. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/4e5e05271a250df4d1812e1832be65636a78c957.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Acked-by: David Hildenbrand (Red Hat) <david@kernel.org> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: workingset: use folio_lruvec() in workingset_refault()Muchun Song1-6/+1
Use folio_lruvec() to simplify the code. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/11bd2fbbf082f4f7972a1113ca42a61fbe2876a9.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
2026-04-18mm: memcontrol: remove dead code of checking parent memory cgroupMuchun Song2-10/+1
Patch series "Eliminate Dying Memory Cgroup", v6. Introduction ============ This patchset is intended to transfer the LRU pages to the object cgroup without holding a reference to the original memory cgroup in order to address the issue of the dying memory cgroup. A consensus has already been reached regarding this approach recently [1]. Background ========== The issue of a dying memory cgroup refers to a situation where a memory cgroup is no longer being used by users, but memory (the metadata associated with memory cgroups) remains allocated to it. This situation may potentially result in memory leaks or inefficiencies in memory reclamation and has persisted as an issue for several years. Any memory allocation that endures longer than the lifespan (from the users' perspective) of a memory cgroup can lead to the issue of dying memory cgroup. We have exerted greater efforts to tackle this problem by introducing the infrastructure of object cgroup [2]. Presently, numerous types of objects (slab objects, non-slab kernel allocations, per-CPU objects) are charged to the object cgroup without holding a reference to the original memory cgroup. The final allocations for LRU pages (anonymous pages and file pages) are charged at allocation time and continues to hold a reference to the original memory cgroup until reclaimed. File pages are more complex than anonymous pages as they can be shared among different memory cgroups and may persist beyond the lifespan of the memory cgroup. The long-term pinning of file pages to memory cgroups is a widespread issue that causes recurring problems in practical scenarios [3]. File pages remain unreclaimed for extended periods. Additionally, they are accessed by successive instances (second, third, fourth, etc.) of the same job, which is restarted into a new cgroup each time. As a result, unreclaimable dying memory cgroups accumulate, leading to memory wastage and significantly reducing the efficiency of page reclamation. Fundamentals ============ A folio will no longer pin its corresponding memory cgroup. It is necessary to ensure that the memory cgroup or the lruvec associated with the memory cgroup is not released when a user obtains a pointer to the memory cgroup or lruvec returned by folio_memcg() or folio_lruvec(). Users are required to hold the RCU read lock or acquire a reference to the memory cgroup associated with the folio to prevent its release if they are not concerned about the binding stability between the folio and its corresponding memory cgroup. However, some users of folio_lruvec() (i.e., the lruvec lock) desire a stable binding between the folio and its corresponding memory cgroup. An approach is needed to ensure the stability of the binding while the lruvec lock is held, and to detect the situation of holding the incorrect lruvec lock when there is a race condition during memory cgroup reparenting. The following four steps are taken to achieve these goals. 1. The first step to be taken is to identify all users of both functions (folio_memcg() and folio_lruvec()) who are not concerned about binding stability and implement appropriate measures (such as holding a RCU read lock or temporarily obtaining a reference to the memory cgroup for a brief period) to prevent the release of the memory cgroup. 2. Secondly, the following refactoring of folio_lruvec_lock() demonstrates how to ensure the binding stability from the user's perspective of folio_lruvec(). struct lruvec *folio_lruvec_lock(struct folio *folio) { struct lruvec *lruvec; rcu_read_lock(); retry: lruvec = folio_lruvec(folio); spin_lock(&lruvec->lru_lock); if (unlikely(lruvec_memcg(lruvec) != folio_memcg(folio))) { spin_unlock(&lruvec->lru_lock); goto retry; } return lruvec; } From the perspective of memory cgroup removal, the entire reparenting process (altering the binding relationship between folio and its memory cgroup and moving the LRU lists to its parental memory cgroup) should be carried out under both the lruvec lock of the memory cgroup being removed and the lruvec lock of its parent. 3. Finally, transfer the LRU pages to the object cgroup without holding a reference to the original memory cgroup. Effect ====== Finally, it can be observed that the quantity of dying memory cgroups will not experience a significant increase if the following test script is executed to reproduce the issue. #!/bin/bash # Create a temporary file 'temp' filled with zero bytes dd if=/dev/zero of=temp bs=4096 count=1 # Display memory-cgroup info from /proc/cgroups cat /proc/cgroups | grep memory for i in {0..2000} do mkdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test$i echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test$i/cgroup.procs # Append 'temp' file content to 'log' cat temp >> log echo $$ > /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/cgroup.procs # Potentially create a dying memory cgroup rmdir /sys/fs/cgroup/memory/test$i done # Display memory-cgroup info after test cat /proc/cgroups | grep memory rm -f temp log This patch (of 33): Since the no-hierarchy mode has been deprecated after the commit: commit bef8620cd8e0 ("mm: memcg: deprecate the non-hierarchical mode"). As a result, parent_mem_cgroup() will not return NULL except when passing the root memcg, and the root memcg cannot be offline. Hence, it's safe to remove the check on the returned value of parent_mem_cgroup(). Remove the corresponding dead code. Link: https://lore.kernel.org/f4481291bf8c6561dd8949045b5a1ed4008a6b63.1772711148.git.zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-mm/Z6OkXXYDorPrBvEQ@hm-sls2/ [1] Link: https://lwn.net/Articles/895431/ [2] Link: https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/36827 [3] Signed-off-by: Muchun Song <songmuchun@bytedance.com> Signed-off-by: Qi Zheng <zhengqi.arch@bytedance.com> Acked-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev> Acked-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org> Reviewed-by: Harry Yoo <harry.yoo@oracle.com> Reviewed-by: Chen Ridong <chenridong@huawei.com> Acked-by: Shakeel Butt <shakeel.butt@linux.dev> Cc: Allen Pais <apais@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Axel Rasmussen <axelrasmussen@google.com> Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com> Cc: Chengming Zhou <chengming.zhou@linux.dev> Cc: David Hildenbrand <david@kernel.org> Cc: Hamza Mahfooz <hamzamahfooz@linux.microsoft.com> Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com> Cc: Imran Khan <imran.f.khan@oracle.com> Cc: Kamalesh Babulal <kamalesh.babulal@oracle.com> Cc: Lance Yang <lance.yang@linux.dev> Cc: Liam Howlett <Liam.Howlett@oracle.com> Cc: Lorenzo Stoakes (Oracle) <ljs@kernel.org> Cc: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.com> Cc: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com> Cc: Mike Rapoport <rppt@kernel.org> Cc: Muchun Song <muchun.song@linux.dev> Cc: Nhat Pham <nphamcs@gmail.com> Cc: Suren Baghdasaryan <surenb@google.com> Cc: Usama Arif <usamaarif642@gmail.com> Cc: Vlastimil Babka <vbabka@kernel.org> Cc: Wei Xu <weixugc@google.com> Cc: Yosry Ahmed <yosry@kernel.org> Cc: Yuanchu Xie <yuanchu@google.com> Cc: Zi Yan <ziy@nvidia.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>