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doc.2022.08.31b: Documentation updates
fixes.2022.08.31b: Miscellaneous fixes
kvfree.2022.08.31b: kvfree_rcu() updates
nocb.2022.09.01a: NOCB CPU updates
poll.2022.08.31b: Full-oldstate RCU polling grace-period API
poll-srcu.2022.08.31b: Polled SRCU grace-period updates
tasks.2022.08.31b: Tasks RCU updates
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This commit causes the early boot single-CPU synchronize_rcu_expedited()
fastpath to update the rcu_state structure's ->expedited_sequence
counter. This will allow the full-state polled grace-period APIs to
detect all expedited grace periods without the need to track the special
combined polling-only counter, which is another step towards removing
the ->rgos_polled field from the rcu_gp_oldstate, thereby reducing its
size by one third.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Now that the expedited grace-period fast path can only happen during
the pre-scheduler portion of early boot, this fast path can no longer
block run-time RCU Trace grace periods. This commit therefore removes
the conditional cond_resched() invocation.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited() API compresses the combined expedited and
normal grace-period states into a single unsigned long, which conserves
storage, but can miss grace periods in certain cases involving overlapping
normal and expedited grace periods. Missing the occasional grace period
is usually not a problem, but there are use cases that care about each
and every grace period.
This commit therefore adds yet another member of the full-state RCU
grace-period polling API, which is the cond_synchronize_rcu_exp_full()
function. This uses up to three times the storage (rcu_gp_oldstate
structure instead of unsigned long), but is guaranteed not to miss
grace periods.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() API compresses the combined
expedited and normal grace-period states into a single unsigned long,
which conserves storage, but can miss grace periods in certain cases
involving overlapping normal and expedited grace periods. Missing the
occasional grace period is usually not a problem, but there are use
cases that care about each and every grace period.
This commit therefore adds yet another member of the
full-state RCU grace-period polling API, which is the
start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited_full() function. This uses up to
three times the storage (rcu_gp_oldstate structure instead of unsigned
long), but is guaranteed not to miss grace periods.
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from kernel test robot and Julia Lawall. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPTION=n and CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y maintain
preempt_count() state. Because such kernels map __rcu_read_lock()
and __rcu_read_unlock() to preempt_disable() and preempt_enable(),
respectively, this allows the expedited grace period's !CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU
version of the rcu_exp_handler() IPI handler function to use
preempt_count() to detect quiescent states.
This preempt_count() usage might seem to risk failures due to
use of implicit RCU readers in portions of the kernel under #ifndef
CONFIG_PREEMPTION, except that rcu_core() already disallows such implicit
RCU readers. The moral of this story is that you must use explicit
read-side markings such as rcu_read_lock() or preempt_disable() even if
the code knows that this kernel does not support preemption.
This commit therefore adds a preempt_count()-based check for a quiescent
state in the !CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU version of the rcu_exp_handler()
function for kernels built with CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y, reporting an
immediate quiescent state when the interrupted code had both preemption
and softirqs enabled.
This change results in about a 2% reduction in expedited grace-period
latency in kernels built with both CONFIG_PREEMPT_RCU=n and
CONFIG_PREEMPT_COUNT=y.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220622103549.2840087-1-qiang1.zhang@intel.com/
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ctxt.2022.07.05a: Linux-kernel memory model development branch.
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If a CPU has interrupts disabled continuously starting before the
beginning of a given expedited RCU grace period, that CPU will not
execute that grace period's IPI handler. This will in turn mean
that the ->cpu_no_qs.b.exp field in that CPU's rcu_data structure
will continue to contain the boolean value false.
Knowing whether or not a CPU has had interrupts disabled can be helpful
when debugging an expedited RCU CPU stall warning, so this commit
adds a "D" indicator expedited RCU CPU stall warnings that signifies
that the corresponding CPU has had interrupts disabled throughout.
This capability was tested as follows:
runqemu kvm slirp nographic qemuparams="-m 4096 -smp 4" bootparams=
"isolcpus=2,3 nohz_full=2,3 rcu_nocbs=2,3 rcutree.dump_tree=1
rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff=30 rcutorture.stall_cpu=40
rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff=1 rcutorture.stall_cpu_block=0
rcutorture.stall_no_softlockup=1" -d
The rcu_torture_stall() function ran on CPU 1, which displays the "D"
as expected given the rcutorture.stall_cpu_irqsoff=1 module parameter:
............
rcu: INFO: rcu_preempt detected expedited stalls on CPUs/tasks:
{ 1-...D } 26467 jiffies s: 13317 root: 0x1/.
rcu: blocking rcu_node structures (internal RCU debug): l=1:0-1:0x2/.
Task dump for CPU 1:
task:rcu_torture_sta state:R running task stack: 0 pid: 76 ppid: 2 flags:0x00004008
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit dumps out state when the sync_rcu_do_polled_gp() function
loops more than expected. This is a debugging aid.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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When a normal RCU CPU stall warning is encountered with the
panic_on_rcu_stall sysfs variable is set, the system panics only after
the stall warning is printed. But when an expedited RCU CPU stall
warning is encountered with the panic_on_rcu_stall sysfs variable is
set, the system panics first, thus never printing the stall warning.
This commit therefore brings the expedited stall warning into line with
the normal stall warning by printing first and panicking afterwards.
Signed-off-by: Zqiang <qiang1.zhang@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit adds expedited grace-period functionality to RCU's polled
grace-period API, adding start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() and
cond_synchronize_rcu_expedited(), which are similar to the existing
start_poll_synchronize_rcu() and cond_synchronize_rcu() functions,
respectively.
Note that although start_poll_synchronize_rcu_expedited() can be invoked
very early, the resulting expedited grace periods are not guaranteed
to start until after workqueues are fully initialized. On the other
hand, both synchronize_rcu() and synchronize_rcu_expedited() can also
be invoked very early, and the resulting grace periods will be taken
into account as they occur.
[ paulmck: Apply feedback from Neeraj Upadhyay. ]
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220121142454.1994916-1-bfoster@redhat.com/
Link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RNKWW9jQyfjxw2E8dsXVTdvZYh0HnYeSHDKog9jhdN8/edit?usp=sharing
Cc: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently, this code could splat:
oldstate = get_state_synchronize_rcu();
synchronize_rcu_expedited();
WARN_ON_ONCE(!poll_state_synchronize_rcu(oldstate));
This situation is counter-intuitive and user-unfriendly. After all, there
really was a perfectly valid full grace period right after the call to
get_state_synchronize_rcu(), so why shouldn't poll_state_synchronize_rcu()
know about it?
This commit therefore makes the polled grace-period API aware of expedited
grace periods in addition to the normal grace periods that it is already
aware of. With this change, the above code is guaranteed not to splat.
Please note that the above code can still splat due to counter wrap on the
one hand and situations involving partially overlapping normal/expedited
grace periods on the other. On 64-bit systems, the second is of course
much more likely than the first. It is possible to modify this approach
to prevent overlapping grace periods from causing splats, but only at
the expense of greatly increasing the probability of counter wrap, as
in within milliseconds on 32-bit systems and within minutes on 64-bit
systems.
This commit is in preparation for polled expedited grace periods.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/20220121142454.1994916-1-bfoster@redhat.com/
Link: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1RNKWW9jQyfjxw2E8dsXVTdvZYh0HnYeSHDKog9jhdN8/edit?usp=sharing
Cc: Brian Foster <bfoster@redhat.com>
Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com>
Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
Cc: Ian Kent <raven@themaw.net>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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In order to prepare for merging RCU dynticks counter into the context
tracking state, move the rcu_data's dynticks field to the context
tracking structure. It will later be mixed within the context tracking
state itself.
[ paulmck: Move enum ctx_state into global scope. ]
Acked-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Nicolas Saenz Julienne <nsaenz@kernel.org>
Cc: Marcelo Tosatti <mtosatti@redhat.com>
Cc: Xiongfeng Wang <wangxiongfeng2@huawei.com>
Cc: Yu Liao <liaoyu15@huawei.com>
Cc: Phil Auld <pauld@redhat.com>
Cc: Paul Gortmaker<paul.gortmaker@windriver.com>
Cc: Alex Belits <abelits@marvell.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Nicolas Saenz Julienne <nsaenzju@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Nicolas Saenz Julienne <nsaenzju@redhat.com>
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Enabling CONFIG_RCU_BOOST did not reduce RCU expedited grace-period
latency because its workqueues run at SCHED_OTHER, and thus can be
delayed by normal processes. This commit avoids these delays by moving
the expedited GP work items to a real-time-priority kthread_worker.
This option is controlled by CONFIG_RCU_EXP_KTHREAD and disabled by
default on PREEMPT_RT=y kernels which disable expedited grace periods
after boot by unconditionally setting rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot=1.
The results were evaluated on arm64 Android devices (6GB ram) running
5.10 kernel, and capturing trace data in critical user-level code.
The table below shows the resulting order-of-magnitude improvements
in synchronize_rcu_expedited() latency:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | workqueues | kthread_worker | Diff |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Count | 725 | 688 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Min Duration (ns) | 326 | 447 | 37.12% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Q1 (ns) | 39,428 | 38,971 | -1.16% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Q2 - Median (ns) | 98,225 | 69,743 | -29.00% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Q3 (ns) | 342,122 | 126,638 | -62.98% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Max Duration (ns) | 372,766,967 | 2,329,671 | -99.38% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Avg Duration (ns) | 2,746,353 | 151,242 | -94.49% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Standard Deviation (ns) | 19,327,765 | 294,408 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The below table show the range of maximums/minimums for
synchronize_rcu_expedited() latency from all experiments:
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | workqueues | kthread_worker | Diff |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Total No. of Experiments | 25 | 23 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Largest Maximum (ns) | 372,766,967 | 2,329,671 | -99.38% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Smallest Maximum (ns) | 38,819 | 86,954 | 124.00% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Range of Maximums (ns) | 372,728,148 | 2,242,717 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Largest Minimum (ns) | 88,623 | 27,588 | -68.87% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Smallest Minimum (ns) | 326 | 447 | 37.12% |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Range of Minimums (ns) | 88,297 | 27,141 | |
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Reported-by: Tim Murray <timmurray@google.com>
Reported-by: Wei Wang <wvw@google.com>
Tested-by: Kyle Lin <kylelin@google.com>
Tested-by: Chunwei Lu <chunweilu@google.com>
Tested-by: Lulu Wang <luluw@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Kalesh Singh <kaleshsingh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Currently both expedited and regular grace period stall warnings use
a single timeout value that with units of seconds. However, recent
Android use cases problem require a sub-100-millisecond expedited RCU CPU
stall warning. Given that expedited RCU grace periods normally complete
in far less than a single millisecond, especially for small systems,
this is not unreasonable.
Therefore introduce the CONFIG_RCU_EXP_CPU_STALL_TIMEOUT kernel
configuration that defaults to 20 msec on Android and remains the same
as that of the non-expedited stall warnings otherwise. It also can be
changed in run-time via: /sys/.../parameters/rcu_exp_cpu_stall_timeout.
[ paulmck: Default of zero to use CONFIG_RCU_STALL_TIMEOUT. ]
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki <uladzislau.rezki@sony.com>
Signed-off-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit adds a READ_ONCE() to an access to the rcu_node structure's
->expmask field to prevent compiler mischief. Detected by KCSAN.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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For PREEMPT_RCU, the rcu_exp_handler() function checks
whether the current CPU is in idle, by calling
rcu_dynticks_curr_cpu_in_eqs(). However, rcu_exp_handler()
is called in IPI handler context. So, it should be checking
the idle context using rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle(). Fix this
by using rcu_is_cpu_rrupt_from_idle() instead of
rcu_dynticks_curr_cpu_in_eqs(). Non-preempt configuration
already uses the correct check.
Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Expedited RCU grace periods invoke sync_rcu_exp_select_node_cpus(), which
takes two passes over the leaf rcu_node structure's CPUs. The first
pass gathers up the current CPU and CPUs that are in dynticks idle mode.
The workqueue will report a quiescent state on their behalf later.
The second pass sends IPIs to the rest of the CPUs, but excludes the
current CPU, incorrectly assuming it has been included in the first
pass's list of CPUs.
Unfortunately the current CPU may have changed between the first and
second pass, due to the fact that the various rcu_node structures'
->lock fields have been dropped, thus momentarily enabling preemption.
This means that if the second pass's CPU was not on the first pass's
list, it will be ignored completely. There will be no IPI sent to
it, and there will be no reporting of quiescent states on its behalf.
Unfortunately, the expedited grace period will nevertheless be waiting
for that CPU to report a quiescent state, but with that CPU having no
reason to believe that such a report is needed.
The result will be an expedited grace period stall.
Fix this by no longer excluding the current CPU from consideration during
the second pass.
Fixes: b9ad4d6ed18e ("rcu: Avoid self-IPI in sync_rcu_exp_select_node_cpus()")
Reviewed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Cc: Uladzislau Rezki <urezki@gmail.com>
Cc: Neeraj Upadhyay <quic_neeraju@quicinc.com>
Cc: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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If an RCU expedited grace period starts just when a CPU is in the process
of going offline, so that the outgoing CPU has completed its pass through
stop-machine but has not yet completed its final dive into the idle loop,
RCU will attempt to enable that CPU's scheduling-clock tick via a call
to tick_dep_set_cpu(). For this to happen, that CPU has to have been
online when the expedited grace period completed its CPU-selection phase.
This is pointless: The outgoing CPU has interrupts disabled, so it cannot
take a scheduling-clock tick anyway. In addition, the tick_dep_set_cpu()
function's eventual call to irq_work_queue_on() will splat as follows:
smpboot: CPU 1 is now offline
WARNING: CPU: 6 PID: 124 at kernel/irq_work.c:95
+irq_work_queue_on+0x57/0x60
Modules linked in:
CPU: 6 PID: 124 Comm: kworker/6:2 Not tainted 5.15.0-rc1+ #3
Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS
+rel-1.14.0-0-g155821a-rebuilt.opensuse.org 04/01/2014
Workqueue: rcu_gp wait_rcu_exp_gp
RIP: 0010:irq_work_queue_on+0x57/0x60
Code: 8b 05 1d c7 ea 62 a9 00 00 f0 00 75 21 4c 89 ce 44 89 c7 e8
+9b 37 fa ff ba 01 00 00 00 89 d0 c3 4c 89 cf e8 3b ff ff ff eb ee <0f> 0b eb b7
+0f 0b eb db 90 48 c7 c0 98 2a 02 00 65 48 03 05 91
6f
RSP: 0000:ffffb12cc038fe48 EFLAGS: 00010282
RAX: 0000000000000001 RBX: 0000000000005208 RCX: 0000000000000020
RDX: 0000000000000001 RSI: 0000000000000001 RDI: ffff9ad01f45a680
RBP: 000000000004c990 R08: 0000000000000001 R09: ffff9ad01f45a680
R10: ffffb12cc0317db0 R11: 0000000000000001 R12: 00000000fffecee8
R13: 0000000000000001 R14: 0000000000026980 R15: ffffffff9e53ae00
FS: 0000000000000000(0000) GS:ffff9ad01f580000(0000)
+knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 0000000080050033
CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000000de0c000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000fffe0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Call Trace:
tick_nohz_dep_set_cpu+0x59/0x70
rcu_exp_wait_wake+0x54e/0x870
? sync_rcu_exp_select_cpus+0x1fc/0x390
process_one_work+0x1ef/0x3c0
? process_one_work+0x3c0/0x3c0
worker_thread+0x28/0x3c0
? process_one_work+0x3c0/0x3c0
kthread+0x115/0x140
? set_kthread_struct+0x40/0x40
ret_from_fork+0x22/0x30
---[ end trace c5bf75eb6aa80bc6 ]---
This commit therefore avoids invoking tick_dep_set_cpu() on offlined
CPUs to limit both futility and false-positive splats.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() is called from rcutree_online_cpu(),
which can be invoked with interrupts enabled. This means that
the ->cpu_no_qs.b.exp field is subject to data races from the
rcu_exp_handler() IPI handler, so this commit marks the load from
that field.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Having two fields for the same purpose with subtle differences on
different RCU flavours is confusing, especially when both fields always
exist on both RCU flavours.
Fortunately, it is now safe for preemptible RCU to rely on the rcu_data
structure's ->cpu_no_qs.b.exp field, just like non-preemptible RCU.
This commit therefore removes the ad-hoc ->exp_deferred_qs field.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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On non-preemptible RCU, move clearing of the rcu_data structure's
->cpu_no_qs.b.exp filed to the actual expedited quiescent state report
function, matching hw preemptible RCU handles the ->exp_deferred_qs field.
This prepares for removing ->exp_deferred_qs in favor of ->cpu_no_qs.b.exp
for both preemptible and non-preemptible RCU.
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() checks to see if RCU needs
an expedited quiescent state from the incoming CPU, sending it
an IPI if so. Before sending IPI, it checks whether expedited
qs need has been already requested for the incoming CPU, by
checking rcu_data.cpu_no_qs.b.exp for the current cpu, on which
sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup() is running. This works for the
case where incoming CPU is same as self. However, for the case
where incoming CPU is different from self, expedited request
won't get marked, which can potentially delay reporting of
expedited quiescent state for the incoming CPU.
Fixes: e015a3411220 ("rcu: Avoid self-IPI in sync_sched_exp_online_cleanup()")
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Certain configurations (e.g., systems that make heavy use of netns)
need to use synchronize_rcu_expedited() to service RCU grace periods
even after boot.
Even though synchronize_rcu_expedited() has been traditionally
considered harmful for RT for the heavy use of IPIs, it is perfectly
usable under certain conditions (e.g. nohz_full).
Make rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= again writeable on RT (if NO_HZ_
FULL is defined), but keep its default value to 1 (enabled) to avoid
regressions. Users who need synchronize_rcu_expedited() will boot with
rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_ boot=0 in the kernel cmdline.
Reflect the change in synchronize_rcu_expedited_wait() by removing the
WARN related to CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT.
Signed-off-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit adds a trace event which allows tracing the beginnings of RCU
CPU stall warnings on systems where sysctl_panic_on_rcu_stall is disabled.
The first parameter is the name of RCU flavor like other trace events.
The second parameter indicates whether this is a stall of an expedited
grace period, a self-detected stall of a normal grace period, or a stall
of a normal grace period detected by some CPU other than the one that
is stalled.
RCU CPU stall warnings are often caused by external-to-RCU issues,
for example, in interrupt handling or task scheduling. Therefore,
this event uses TRACE_EVENT, not TRACE_EVENT_RCU, to avoid requiring
those interested in tracing RCU CPU stalls to rebuild their kernels
with CONFIG_RCU_TRACE=y.
Reviewed-by: Uladzislau Rezki (Sony) <urezki@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Sangmoon Kim <sangmoon.kim@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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There is a rather obtuse string that can be printed as part of an
expedited RCU CPU stall-warning message that starts with "blocking
rcu_node structures". Under normal conditions, most of this message
is just repeating the list of CPUs blocking the current expedited grace
period, but in a manner that is rather difficult to read. This commit
therefore marks this message as "(internal RCU debug)" in an effort to
give people the option of avoiding wasting time attempting to extract
nonexistent additional meaning from this portion of the message.
Reported-by: Jonathan Lemon <bsd@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit moves the initialization of the CONFIG_PREEMPT=n version of
the rcu_exp_handler() function's rdp and rnp local variables into their
respective declarations to save a couple lines of code.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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This commit converts the schedule_timeout_uninterruptible() call used
by RCU's expedited grace-period processing to schedule_timeout_idle().
This conversion avoids polluting the load-average with RCU-related
sleeping.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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fixes.2020.04.27a: Miscellaneous fixes.
kfree_rcu.2020.04.27a: Changes related to kfree_rcu().
rcu-tasks.2020.04.27a: Addition of new RCU-tasks flavors.
stall.2020.04.27a: RCU CPU stall-warning updates.
torture.2020.05.07a: Torture-test updates.
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Although the accesses used to determine whether or not an expedited
stall should be printed are an integral part of the concurrency algorithm
governing use of the corresponding variables, the values that are simply
printed are ancillary. As such, it is best to use data_race() for these
accesses in order to provide the greatest latitude in the use of KCSAN
for the other accesses that are an integral part of the algorithm. This
commit therefore changes the relevant uses of READ_ONCE() to data_race().
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Now that RCU flavors have been consolidated, an RCU-preempt
rcu_read_unlock() in an interrupt or softirq handler cannot possibly
end the RCU read-side critical section. Consider the old vulnerability
involving rcu_read_unlock() being invoked within such a handler that
interrupted an __rcu_read_unlock_special(), in which a wakeup might be
invoked with a scheduler lock held. Because rcu_read_unlock_special()
no longer does wakeups in such situations, it is no longer necessary
for __rcu_read_unlock() to set the nesting level negative.
This commit therefore removes this recursion-protection code from
__rcu_read_unlock().
[ paulmck: Let rcu_exp_handler() continue to call rcu_report_exp_rdp(). ]
[ paulmck: Adjust other checks given no more negative nesting. ]
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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There are lockless loads from the rcu_node structure's ->exp_tasks field,
so this commit causes all stores to use WRITE_ONCE() and all lockless
loads to use READ_ONCE() or data_race(), with the latter for debug
prints. This code also did a unprotected traversal of the linked list
pointed into by ->exp_tasks, so this commit also acquires the rcu_node
structure's ->lock to properly protect this traversal. This list was
traversed unprotected only when printing an RCU CPU stall warning for
an expedited grace period, so the odds of seeing this in production are
not all that high.
This data race was reported by KCSAN.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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doc.2020.02.27a: Documentation updates.
fixes.2020.03.21a: Miscellaneous fixes.
kfree_rcu.2020.02.20a: Updates to kfree_rcu().
locktorture.2020.02.20a: Lock torture-test updates.
ovld.2020.02.20a: Updates to callback-overload handling.
rcu-tasks.2020.02.20a: RCU-tasks updates.
srcu.2020.02.20a: SRCU updates.
torture.2020.02.20a: Torture-test updates.
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In normal production, an RCU CPU stall warning at boottime is often
just as bad as at any other time. In fact, given the desire for fast
boot, any sort of long-term stall at boot is a bad idea. However,
heavy rcutorture testing on large hyperthreaded systems can generate
boottime RCU CPU stalls as a matter of course. This commit therefore
provides a kernel boot parameter that suppresses reporting of boottime
RCU CPU stall warnings and similarly of rcutorture writer stalls.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Some larger systems can take in excess of 50 seconds to complete their
early boot initcalls prior to spawing init. This does not in any way
help the forward-progress judgments of built-in rcutorture (when
rcutorture is built as a module, the insmod or modprobe command normally
cannot happen until some time after boot completes). This commit
therefore suppresses such complaints until about the time that init
is spawned.
This also includes a fix to a stupid error located by kbuild test robot.
[ paulmck: Apply kbuild test robot feedback. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
[ paulmck: Fix to nohz_full slow-expediting recovery logic, per bpetkov. ]
[ paulmck: Restrict splat to CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT=y kernels and simplify. ]
Tested-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
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The rcu_node structure's ->exp_seq_rq field is read locklessly, so
this commit adds the WRITE_ONCE() to a load in order to provide proper
documentation and READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() pairing.
This data race was reported by KCSAN. Not appropriate for backporting
due to failure being unlikely.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The rcu_node structure's ->exp_seq_rq field is accessed locklessly, so
updates must use WRITE_ONCE(). This commit therefore adds the needed
WRITE_ONCE() invocation where it was missed.
This data race was reported by KCSAN. Not appropriate for backporting
due to failure being unlikely.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Boot-time processing often loops in the kernel longer than one might
prefer, which can prevent expedited grace periods from completing in
a timely manner. This in turn triggers a splat In nohz_full CPUs One
could argue that long-looping code should be fixed, but on the other hand,
boot time is a bit special.
This commit therefore removes the splat. Later commits will add the
splat back in, but in a way that removes false positives.
Reported-by: Borislav Petkov <bp@alien8.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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doc.2019.12.10a: Documentations updates
exp.2019.12.09a: Expedited grace-period updates
fixes.2020.01.24a: Miscellaneous fixes
kfree_rcu.2020.01.24a: Batch kfree_rcu() work
list.2020.01.10a: RCU-protected-list updates
preempt.2020.01.24a: Preemptible RCU updates
torture.2019.12.09a: Torture-test updates
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This commit provides wrapper functions for uses of ->rcu_read_lock_nesting
to improve readability and to ease future changes to support inlining
of __rcu_read_lock() and __rcu_read_unlock().
Signed-off-by: Lai Jiangshan <laijs@linux.alibaba.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The config option `CONFIG_PREEMPT' is used for the preemption model
"Low-Latency Desktop". The config option `CONFIG_PREEMPTION' is enabled
when kernel preemption is enabled which is true for the preemption model
`CONFIG_PREEMPT' and `CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT'.
Use `CONFIG_PREEMPTION' if it applies to both preemption models and not
just to `CONFIG_PREEMPT'.
Cc: "Paul E. McKenney" <paulmck@kernel.org>
Cc: Josh Triplett <josh@joshtriplett.org>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Cc: Mathieu Desnoyers <mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com>
Cc: Lai Jiangshan <jiangshanlai@gmail.com>
Cc: Joel Fernandes <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Cc: Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net>
Cc: rcu@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Sebastian Andrzej Siewior <bigeasy@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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An expedited grace period can be stalled by a nohz_full CPU looping
in kernel context. This possibility is currently handled by some
carefully crafted checks in rcu_read_unlock_special() that enlist help
from ksoftirqd when permitted by the scheduler. However, it is exactly
these checks that require the scheduler avoid holding any of its rq or
pi locks across rcu_read_unlock() without also having held them across
the entire RCU read-side critical section.
It would therefore be very nice if expedited grace periods could
handle nohz_full CPUs looping in kernel context without such checks.
This commit therefore adds code to the expedited grace period's wait
and cleanup code that forces the scheduler-clock interrupt on for CPUs
that fail to quickly supply a quiescent state. "Quickly" is currently
a hard-coded single-jiffy delay.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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After RCU flavor consolidation, synchronize_sched_expedited_wait() does
both RCU-preempt and RCU-sched, whichever happens to have been built into
the running kernel. This commit therefore changes this function's name
to synchronize_rcu_expedited_wait() to reflect its new generic nature.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The function-header comments in kernel/rcu/tree_exp.h have gotten a bit
out of date, so this commit updates a number of them.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Now that the RCU flavors have been consolidated, there is one common
function for checking to see if an expedited RCU grace period has
completed, namely sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done(). Because this function is
no longer specific to RCU-preempt, this commit removes the "_preempt" from
its name. This commit also changes sync_rcu_preempt_exp_done_unlocked()
to sync_rcu_exp_done_unlocked() for the same reason.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The current expedited RCU grace-period code expects that a task
requesting an expedited grace period cannot awaken until that grace
period has reached the wakeup phase. However, it is possible for a long
preemption to result in the waiting task never sleeping. For example,
consider the following sequence of events:
1. Task A starts an expedited grace period by invoking
synchronize_rcu_expedited(). It proceeds normally up to the
wait_event() near the end of that function, and is then preempted
(or interrupted or whatever).
2. The expedited grace period completes, and a kworker task starts
the awaken phase, having incremented the counter and acquired
the rcu_state structure's .exp_wake_mutex. This kworker task
is then preempted or interrupted or whatever.
3. Task A resumes and enters wait_event(), which notes that the
expedited grace period has completed, and thus doesn't sleep.
4. Task B starts an expedited grace period exactly as did Task A,
complete with the preemption (or whatever delay) just before
the call to wait_event().
5. The expedited grace period completes, and another kworker
task starts the awaken phase, having incremented the counter.
However, it blocks when attempting to acquire the rcu_state
structure's .exp_wake_mutex because step 2's kworker task has
not yet released it.
6. Steps 4 and 5 repeat, resulting in overflow of the rcu_node
structure's ->exp_wq[] array.
In theory, this is harmless. Tasks waiting on the various ->exp_wq[]
array will just be spuriously awakened, but they will just sleep again
on noting that the rcu_state structure's ->expedited_sequence value has
not advanced far enough.
In practice, this wastes CPU time and is an accident waiting to happen.
This commit therefore moves the rcu_exp_gp_seq_end() call that officially
ends the expedited grace period (along with associate tracing) until
after the ->exp_wake_mutex has been acquired. This prevents Task A from
awakening prematurely, thus preventing more than one expedited grace
period from being in flight during a previous expedited grace period's
wakeup phase.
Fixes: 3b5f668e715b ("rcu: Overlap wakeups with next expedited grace period")
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
[ paulmck: Added updated comment. ]
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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Tasks waiting within exp_funnel_lock() for an expedited grace period to
elapse can be starved due to the following sequence of events:
1. Tasks A and B both attempt to start an expedited grace
period at about the same time. This grace period will have
completed when the lower four bits of the rcu_state structure's
->expedited_sequence field are 0b'0100', for example, when the
initial value of this counter is zero. Task A wins, and thus
does the actual work of starting the grace period, including
acquiring the rcu_state structure's .exp_mutex and sets the
counter to 0b'0001'.
2. Because task B lost the race to start the grace period, it
waits on ->expedited_sequence to reach 0b'0100' inside of
exp_funnel_lock(). This task therefore blocks on the rcu_node
structure's ->exp_wq[1] field, keeping in mind that the
end-of-grace-period value of ->expedited_sequence (0b'0100')
is shifted down two bits before indexing the ->exp_wq[] field.
3. Task C attempts to start another expedited grace period,
but blocks on ->exp_mutex, which is still held by Task A.
4. The aforementioned expedited grace period completes, so that
->expedited_sequence now has the value 0b'0100'. A kworker task
therefore acquires the rcu_state structure's ->exp_wake_mutex
and starts awakening any tasks waiting for this grace period.
5. One of the first tasks awakened happens to be Task A. Task A
therefore releases the rcu_state structure's ->exp_mutex,
which allows Task C to start the next expedited grace period,
which causes the lower four bits of the rcu_state structure's
->expedited_sequence field to become 0b'0101'.
6. Task C's expedited grace period completes, so that the lower four
bits of the rcu_state structure's ->expedited_sequence field now
become 0b'1000'.
7. The kworker task from step 4 above continues its wakeups.
Unfortunately, the wake_up_all() refetches the rcu_state
structure's .expedited_sequence field:
wake_up_all(&rnp->exp_wq[rcu_seq_ctr(rcu_state.expedited_sequence) & 0x3]);
This results in the wakeup being applied to the rcu_node
structure's ->exp_wq[2] field, which is unfortunate given that
Task B is instead waiting on ->exp_wq[1].
On a busy system, no harm is done (or at least no permanent harm is done).
Some later expedited grace period will redo the wakeup. But on a quiet
system, such as many embedded systems, it might be a good long time before
there was another expedited grace period. On such embedded systems,
this situation could therefore result in a system hang.
This issue manifested as DPM device timeout during suspend (which
usually qualifies as a quiet time) due to a SCSI device being stuck in
_synchronize_rcu_expedited(), with the following stack trace:
schedule()
synchronize_rcu_expedited()
synchronize_rcu()
scsi_device_quiesce()
scsi_bus_suspend()
dpm_run_callback()
__device_suspend()
This commit therefore prevents such delays, timeouts, and hangs by
making rcu_exp_wait_wake() use its "s" argument consistently instead of
refetching from rcu_state.expedited_sequence.
Fixes: 3b5f668e715b ("rcu: Overlap wakeups with next expedited grace period")
Signed-off-by: Neeraj Upadhyay <neeraju@codeaurora.org>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The code in sync_rcu_exp_select_node_cpus() calculates the current
CPU's mask within its rcu_node structure's bitmasks, but this has
already been computed in the ->grpmask field of that CPU's rcu_data
structure. This commit therefore just uses this ->grpmask field.
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
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The "mask_ofl_ipi" is used to track which CPUs get IPIed, however
in the IPI sending loop, "mask_ofl_ipi" along with another variable
"mask_ofl_test" might also get modified to record which CPUs' quiesent
states must be reported by the sync_rcu_exp_select_node_cpus() at
the end of sync_rcu_exp_select_node_cpus(). This overlap of roles
can be confusing, so this patch cleans things a little by using
"mask_ofl_ipi" solely for determining which CPUs must be IPIed and
"mask_ofl_test" for solely determining on behalf of which CPUs
sync_rcu_exp_select_node_cpus() must report a quiscent state.
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Joel Fernandes (Google) <joel@joelfernandes.org>
Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
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The rcu_node structure's ->expmask field is accessed locklessly when
starting a new expedited grace period and when reporting an expedited
RCU CPU stall warning. This commit therefore handles the former by
taking a snapshot of ->expmask while the lock is held and the latter
by applying READ_ONCE() to lockless reads and WRITE_ONCE() to the
corresponding updates.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/CANpmjNNmSOagbTpffHr4=Yedckx9Rm2NuGqC9UqE+AOz5f1-ZQ@mail.gmail.com
Reported-by: syzbot+134336b86f728d6e55a0@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
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Paul E. McKenney
Zqiang
Frederic Weisbecker
Kalesh Singh
Uladzislau Rezki
Neeraj Upadhyay
Neeraj Upadhyay
Juri Lelli
Sangmoon Kim
Lai Jiangshan
Sebastian Andrzej Siewior
Boqun Feng