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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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On some systems, tar needs to specify the name of the archive immediately
after the -f parameter.
Change the order of the parameters so tar can run properly.
Signed-off-by: Irina Tirdea <irina.tirdea@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347574063-22521-5-git-send-email-irina.tirdea@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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In Android, rm does not support the -f parameter.
Remove -f from rm and make sure rm does not fail even if the files to be
removed are not found.
Signed-off-by: Irina Tirdea <irina.tirdea@intel.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Namhyung Kim <namhyung.kim@lge.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1347574063-22521-4-git-send-email-irina.tirdea@intel.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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If a '$PERF_BUILDID_DIR'(typically $HOME/.debug) is a symbolic link
directory, cutting of the path will fail.
Here is an example where a buildid directory is a symbolic link.
/ # ls -al /root
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mar 26 2012 /root -> opt/home/root
/ # cd ~
/opt/home/root # perf record -a -g sleep 1
[ perf record: Woken up 1 times to write data ]
[ perf record: Captured and wrote 0.322 MB perf.data (~14057 samples) ]
/opt/home/root # perf archive
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
Now please run:
$ tar xvf perf.data.tar.bz2 -C ~/.debug
wherever you need to run 'perf report' on.
/opt/home/root # mkdir temp
/opt/home/root # tar xf perf.data.tar.bz2 -C ./temp
/opt/home/root # find ./temp -name "*kernel*"
./temp/opt/home/root/.debug/[kernel.kallsyms]
-> If successfully cut off the path, [kernel.kallsyms] is located
in top of the archived file.
This patch enables to cut correctly even if the buildid directory
is a symbolic link.
Signed-off-by: Chanho Park <chanho61.park@samsung.com>
Signed-off-by: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com>
Cc: Kyungmin Park <kyungmin.park@samsung.com>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1333348109-12598-1-git-send-email-chanho61.park@samsung.com
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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This patch adds the ability to specify an alternate directory to store the
buildid cache (buildids, copy of binaries). By default, it is hardcoded to
$HOME/.debug. This directory contains immutable data. The layout of the
directory is such that no conflicts in filenames are possible. A modification
in a file, yields a different buildid and thus a different location in the
subdir hierarchy.
You may want to put the buildid cache elsewhere because of disk space
limitation or simply to share the cache between users. It is also useful for
remote collect vs. local analysis of profiles.
This patch adds a new config option to the perfconfig file. Under the tag
'buildid', there is a dir option. For instance, if you have:
$ cat /etc/perfconfig
[buildid]
dir = /var/cache/perf-buildid
All buildids and binaries are be saved in the directory specified. The perf
record, buildid-list, buildid-cache, report, annotate, and archive commands
will it to pull information out.
The option can be set in the system-wide perfconfig file or in the
$HOME/.perfconfig file.
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org>
Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Cc: Tom Zanussi <tzanussi@gmail.com>
LKML-Reference: <4c055fb7.df0ce30a.5f0d.ffffae52@mx.google.com>
Signed-off-by: Stephane Eranian <eranian@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
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[root@doppio ~]# perf archive
Now please run:
$ tar xvf perf.data.tar.bz2 -C ~/.debug
wherever you need to run 'perf report' on.
[root@doppio ~]#
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1269365638-10223-1-git-send-email-acme@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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To avoid these error:
[root@doppio ~]# perf archive
tar: .build-id/00/00000000000000000000000000000000000000: Cannot stat:
No such file or directory
tar: .build-id/00/00000000000000000000000000000000000000: Cannot stat:
No such file or directory
tar: .build-id/00/00000000000000000000000000000000000000: Cannot stat:
No such file or directory
tar: .build-id/00/00000000000000000000000000000000000000: Cannot stat:
No such file or directory
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
[root@doppio ~]#
More work is needed to support archiving symtabs for binaries
without a build-id, perhaps creating a perf.data UUID + adding
build-ids for the binaries copied into the cache and then have
this perf.data session UUID be a directory with symlinks to the
by now calculated build-id of the files inside it.
Or just do an extra pass and insert the calculated build-ids in
the perf.data header.
Reported-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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It uses 'perf buildid-list --with-hits' to create a tarball with
what is needed to have in the destination machine ~/.debug
hierarchy to properly decode the perf.data file specified.
Here is an example where a perf.data file collected on a x86-64
machine running Fedora 12 is used and then the data is packaged,
transferred and decoded on a PARISC64 machine running Debian
Testing, 32-bit userspace:
[root@doppio linux-2.6-tip]# uname -a
Linux doppio.ghostprotocols.net 2.6.33-rc4-tip+ #3 SMP Wed Jan 13 11:58:15 BRST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[root@doppio linux-2.6-tip]# perf archive
[root@doppio linux-2.6-tip]# ls -la perf.data*
-rw------- 1 root root 737696 2010-01-14 23:36 perf.data
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 8840025 2010-01-15 12:27 perf.data.tar.bz2
[root@doppio linux-2.6-tip]# scp perf.data.* parisc64:.
Password:
perf.data.tar.bz2 100% 8633KB 1.4MB/s 00:06
[root@doppio linux-2.6-tip]# ssh parisc64
Password:
Linux parisc 2.6.19-g2bbf29ac-dirty #1 Sun Dec 3 17:24:04 BRST 2006 parisc64
The programs included with the Debian GNU/Linux system are free software;
the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the
individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright.
Debian GNU/Linux comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent
permitted by applicable law.
Last login: Thu Jan 14 11:23:24 2010 from d
parisc:~# uname -a
Linux parisc 2.6.19-g2bbf29ac-dirty #1 Sun Dec 3 17:24:04 BRST 2006 parisc64 GNU/Linux
parisc:~# mkdir .debug
parisc:~# tar xvf perf.data.tar.bz2 -C ~/.debug
tar: Record size = 8 blocks
.build-id/74/f9930ee94475b6b3238caf3725a50d59cb994b
[kernel.kallsyms]/74f9930ee94475b6b3238caf3725a50d59cb994b
.build-id/9f/fdcac0a7935922d1f04b6cc9029dfef0f066ef
lib/modules/2.6.33-rc4-tip+/kernel/arch/x86/crypto/aes-x86_64.ko/9ffdcac0a7935922d1f04b6cc9029dfef0f066ef
.build-id/3a/af89c32ebfc438ff546c93597d41788e3e65f3
lib/modules/2.6.33-rc4-tip+/kernel/drivers/net/wireless/iwlwifi/iwl3945.ko/3aaf89c32ebfc438ff546c93597d41788e3e65f3
.build-id/19/f46033f73e1ec612937189bb118c5daba5a0c8
lib/modules/2.6.33-rc4-tip+/kernel/net/mac80211/mac80211.ko/19f46033f73e1ec612937189bb118c5daba5a0c8
.build-id/17/72f014a7a7272859655acb0c64a20ab20b75ee
lib/modules/2.6.33-rc4-tip+/kernel/drivers/net/e1000e/e1000e.ko/1772f014a7a7272859655acb0c64a20ab20b75ee
.build-id/eb/4ec8fa8b2a5eb18cad173c92f27ed8887ed1c1
lib64/libc-2.10.2.so/eb4ec8fa8b2a5eb18cad173c92f27ed8887ed1c1
.build-id/5c/68f7afeb33309c78037e374b0deee84dd441f6
lib64/libpthread-2.10.2.so/5c68f7afeb33309c78037e374b0deee84dd441f6
.build-id/e9/c9ad5c138ef882e4507d2605645b597da43873
bin/dbus-daemon/e9c9ad5c138ef882e4507d2605645b597da43873
.build-id/bc/da7d09eb6c9ee380dae0ed3d591d4311decc31
lib64/libdbus-1.so.3.4.0/bcda7d09eb6c9ee380dae0ed3d591d4311decc31
.build-id/7c/c449a77f48b85d6088114000e970ced613bed8
usr/lib64/libcrypto.so.0.9.8k/7cc449a77f48b85d6088114000e970ced613bed8
.build-id/fd/d1ccd1ff7917ab020653147ab3bacf0a85b5b9
lib64/libglib-2.0.so.0.2000.5/fdd1ccd1ff7917ab020653147ab3bacf0a85b5b9
.build-id/e4/417ebb8762e5f2eee93c8011a71115ff5edad8
lib64/libgobject-2.0.so.0.2000.5/e4417ebb8762e5f2eee93c8011a71115ff5edad8
.build-id/93/1e49461f6df99104f0febcc52f6fed5e2efce6
usr/sbin/sshd/931e49461f6df99104f0febcc52f6fed5e2efce6
.build-id/da/b5f724c088f89fbd8304da553ed6cb30bbec96
usr/lib64/libgdk-x11-2.0.so.0.1600.6/dab5f724c088f89fbd8304da553ed6cb30bbec96
.build-id/f2/037a091ef36b591187a858d75e203690ea9409
usr/sbin/openvpn/f2037a091ef36b591187a858d75e203690ea9409
.build-id/a8/e4f743b40fb1fd8b85e2f9b88d93b661472b8f
bin/find/a8e4f743b40fb1fd8b85e2f9b88d93b661472b8f
.build-id/81/120aada06e68b1e85882925a0fc6d7345ef59a
home/acme/bin/perf/81120aada06e68b1e85882925a0fc6d7345ef59a
parisc:~# perf report 2> /dev/null | head -25
9.07% find find [.] 0x0000000000fb0e
3.29% perf libc-2.10.2.so [.] __GI_strcmp
3.19% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore
2.70% find libc-2.10.2.so [.] __GI_memmove
2.62% perf [kernel.kallsyms] [k] vsnprintf
2.03% find libc-2.10.2.so [.] _int_malloc
2.02% perf [kernel.kallsyms] [k] format_decode
1.70% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] n_tty_write
1.70% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] half_md4_transform
1.67% find libc-2.10.2.so [.] _IO_vfprintf_internal
1.66% perf [kernel.kallsyms] [k] audit_free_aux
1.62% swapper [kernel.kallsyms] [k] mwait_idle_with_hints
1.58% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __kmalloc
1.35% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sched_clock_local
1.35% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] ext4_check_dir_entry
1.35% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] ext4_htree_store_dirent
1.35% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] sys_write
1.35% find [e1000e] [k] e1000_clean
1.35% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] _atomic_dec_and_lock
1.34% find [kernel.kallsyms] [k] __d_lookup
parisc:~#
Probably the next step is to have 'perf report' notice that there is a
perf.data.tar.bz2 file in the same directory and look if it was already
added to ~/.debug/.
Signed-off-by: Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo <acme@redhat.com>
Cc: Frédéric Weisbecker <fweisbec@gmail.com>
Cc: Mike Galbraith <efault@gmx.de>
Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl>
Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org>
LKML-Reference: <1263568672-30323-2-git-send-email-acme@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu>
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Greg Kroah-Hartman
Irina Tirdea
Chanho Park
Stephane Eranian
Arnaldo Carvalho de Melo