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KASAN instrumentation of lockdep has been disabled, as we don't need
KASAN to check the validity of lockdep internal data structures and
incur unnecessary performance overhead. However, the lockdep_map pointer
passed in externally may not be valid (e.g. use-after-free) and we run
the risk of using garbage data resulting in false lockdep reports.
Add kasan_check_byte() call in lock_acquire() for non kernel core data
object to catch invalid lockdep_map and print out a KASAN report before
any lockdep splat, if any.
Suggested-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250214195242.2480920-1-longman@redhat.com
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-7-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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Both KASAN and LOCKDEP are commonly enabled in building a debug kernel.
Each of them can significantly slow down the speed of a debug kernel.
Enabling KASAN instrumentation of the LOCKDEP code will further slow
things down.
Since LOCKDEP is a high overhead debugging tool, it will never get
enabled in a production kernel. The LOCKDEP code is also pretty mature
and is unlikely to get major changes. There is also a possibility of
recursion similar to KCSAN.
To evaluate the performance impact of disabling KASAN instrumentation
of lockdep.c, the time to do a parallel build of the Linux defconfig
kernel was used as the benchmark. Two x86-64 systems (Skylake & Zen 2)
and an arm64 system were used as test beds. Two sets of non-RT and RT
kernels with similar configurations except mainly CONFIG_PREEMPT_RT
were used for evaluation.
For the Skylake system:
Kernel Run time Sys time
------ -------- --------
Non-debug kernel (baseline) 0m47.642s 4m19.811s
[CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y]
Debug kernel 2m11.108s (x2.8) 38m20.467s (x8.9)
Debug kernel (patched) 1m49.602s (x2.3) 31m28.501s (x7.3)
Debug kernel
(patched + mitigations=off) 1m30.988s (x1.9) 26m41.993s (x6.2)
RT kernel (baseline) 0m54.871s 7m15.340s
[CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=n]
RT debug kernel 6m07.151s (x6.7) 135m47.428s (x18.7)
RT debug kernel (patched) 3m42.434s (x4.1) 74m51.636s (x10.3)
RT debug kernel
(patched + mitigations=off) 2m40.383s (x2.9) 57m54.369s (x8.0)
[CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y]
RT debug kernel 3m22.155s (x3.7) 77m53.018s (x10.7)
RT debug kernel (patched) 2m36.700s (x2.9) 54m31.195s (x7.5)
RT debug kernel
(patched + mitigations=off) 2m06.110s (x2.3) 45m49.493s (x6.3)
For the Zen 2 system:
Kernel Run time Sys time
------ -------- --------
Non-debug kernel (baseline) 1m42.806s 39m48.714s
[CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y]
Debug kernel 4m04.524s (x2.4) 125m35.904s (x3.2)
Debug kernel (patched) 3m56.241s (x2.3) 127m22.378s (x3.2)
Debug kernel
(patched + mitigations=off) 2m38.157s (x1.5) 92m35.680s (x2.3)
RT kernel (baseline) 1m51.500s 14m56.322s
[CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=n]
RT debug kernel 16m04.962s (x8.7) 244m36.463s (x16.4)
RT debug kernel (patched) 9m09.073s (x4.9) 129m28.439s (x8.7)
RT debug kernel
(patched + mitigations=off) 3m31.662s (x1.9) 51m01.391s (x3.4)
For the arm64 system:
Kernel Run time Sys time
------ -------- --------
Non-debug kernel (baseline) 1m56.844s 8m47.150s
Debug kernel 3m54.774s (x2.0) 92m30.098s (x10.5)
Debug kernel (patched) 3m32.429s (x1.8) 77m40.779s (x8.8)
RT kernel (baseline) 4m01.641s 18m16.777s
[CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=n]
RT debug kernel 19m32.977s (x4.9) 304m23.965s (x16.7)
RT debug kernel (patched) 16m28.354s (x4.1) 234m18.149s (x12.8)
Turning the mitigations off doesn't seems to have any noticeable impact
on the performance of the arm64 system. So the mitigation=off entries
aren't included.
For the x86 CPUs, CPU mitigations has a much bigger
impact on performance, especially the RT debug kernel with
CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=n. The SRSO mitigation in Zen 2 has an especially
big impact on the debug kernel. It is also the majority of the slowdown
with mitigations on. It is because the patched RET instruction slows
down function returns. A lot of helper functions that are normally
compiled out or inlined may become real function calls in the debug
kernel.
With !CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE, the KASAN instrumentation inserts a
lot of __asan_loadX*() and __kasan_check_read() function calls to memory
access portion of the code. The lockdep's __lock_acquire() function,
for instance, has 66 __asan_loadX*() and 6 __kasan_check_read() calls
added with KASAN instrumentation. Of course, the actual numbers may vary
depending on the compiler used and the exact version of the lockdep code.
With the Skylake test system, the parallel kernel build times reduction
of the RT debug kernel with this patch are:
CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=n: -37%
CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y: -22%
The time reduction is less with CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y, but it is still
significant.
Setting CONFIG_KASAN_INLINE=y can result in a significant performance
improvement. The major drawback is a significant increase in the size
of kernel text. In the case of vmlinux, its text size increases from
45997948 to 67606807. That is a 47% size increase (about 21 Mbytes). The
size increase of other kernel modules should be similar.
With the newly added rtmutex and lockdep lock events, the relevant
event counts for the test runs with the Skylake system were:
Event type Debug kernel RT debug kernel
---------- ------------ ---------------
lockdep_acquire 1,968,663,277 5,425,313,953
rtlock_slowlock - 401,701,156
rtmutex_slowlock - 139,672
The __lock_acquire() calls in the RT debug kernel are x2.8 times of the
non-RT debug kernel with the same workload. Since the __lock_acquire()
function is a big hitter in term of performance slowdown, this makes
the RT debug kernel much slower than the non-RT one. The average lock
nesting depth is likely to be higher in the RT debug kernel too leading
to longer execution time in the __lock_acquire() function.
As the small advantage of enabling KASAN instrumentation to catch
potential memory access error in the lockdep debugging tool is probably
not worth the drawback of further slowing down a debug kernel, disable
KASAN instrumentation in the lockdep code to allow the debug kernels
to regain some performance back, especially for the RT debug kernels.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Marco Elver <elver@google.com>
Reviewed-by: Andrey Konovalov <andreyknvl@gmail.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-6-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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Add some lock events to lockdep to profile its behavior.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-5-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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Add locking events for rtlock_slowlock() and rt_mutex_slowlock() for
profiling the slow path behavior of rt_spin_lock() and rt_mutex_lock().
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-4-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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A circular lock dependency splat has been seen involving down_trylock():
======================================================
WARNING: possible circular locking dependency detected
6.12.0-41.el10.s390x+debug
------------------------------------------------------
dd/32479 is trying to acquire lock:
0015a20accd0d4f8 ((console_sem).lock){-.-.}-{2:2}, at: down_trylock+0x26/0x90
but task is already holding lock:
000000017e461698 (&zone->lock){-.-.}-{2:2}, at: rmqueue_bulk+0xac/0x8f0
the existing dependency chain (in reverse order) is:
-> #4 (&zone->lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
-> #3 (hrtimer_bases.lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
-> #2 (&rq->__lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
-> #1 (&p->pi_lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
-> #0 ((console_sem).lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
The console_sem -> pi_lock dependency is due to calling try_to_wake_up()
while holding the console_sem raw_spinlock. This dependency can be broken
by using wake_q to do the wakeup instead of calling try_to_wake_up()
under the console_sem lock. This will also make the semaphore's
raw_spinlock become a terminal lock without taking any further locks
underneath it.
The hrtimer_bases.lock is a raw_spinlock while zone->lock is a
spinlock. The hrtimer_bases.lock -> zone->lock dependency happens via
the debug_objects_fill_pool() helper function in the debugobjects code.
-> #4 (&zone->lock){-.-.}-{2:2}:
__lock_acquire+0xe86/0x1cc0
lock_acquire.part.0+0x258/0x630
lock_acquire+0xb8/0xe0
_raw_spin_lock_irqsave+0xb4/0x120
rmqueue_bulk+0xac/0x8f0
__rmqueue_pcplist+0x580/0x830
rmqueue_pcplist+0xfc/0x470
rmqueue.isra.0+0xdec/0x11b0
get_page_from_freelist+0x2ee/0xeb0
__alloc_pages_noprof+0x2c2/0x520
alloc_pages_mpol_noprof+0x1fc/0x4d0
alloc_pages_noprof+0x8c/0xe0
allocate_slab+0x320/0x460
___slab_alloc+0xa58/0x12b0
__slab_alloc.isra.0+0x42/0x60
kmem_cache_alloc_noprof+0x304/0x350
fill_pool+0xf6/0x450
debug_object_activate+0xfe/0x360
enqueue_hrtimer+0x34/0x190
__run_hrtimer+0x3c8/0x4c0
__hrtimer_run_queues+0x1b2/0x260
hrtimer_interrupt+0x316/0x760
do_IRQ+0x9a/0xe0
do_irq_async+0xf6/0x160
Normally a raw_spinlock to spinlock dependency is not legitimate
and will be warned if CONFIG_PROVE_RAW_LOCK_NESTING is enabled,
but debug_objects_fill_pool() is an exception as it explicitly
allows this dependency for non-PREEMPT_RT kernel without causing
PROVE_RAW_LOCK_NESTING lockdep splat. As a result, this dependency is
legitimate and not a bug.
Anyway, semaphore is the only locking primitive left that is still
using try_to_wake_up() to do wakeup inside critical section, all the
other locking primitives had been migrated to use wake_q to do wakeup
outside of the critical section. It is also possible that there are
other circular locking dependencies involving printk/console_sem or
other existing/new semaphores lurking somewhere which may show up in
the future. Let just do the migration now to wake_q to avoid headache
like this.
Reported-by: yzbot+ed801a886dfdbfe7136d@syzkaller.appspotmail.com
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-3-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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Add the "struct" keyword to prevent a kernel-doc warning:
rtmutex_common.h:67: warning: cannot understand function prototype: 'struct rt_wake_q_head '
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-2-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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Currently, dynamically allocated LockCLassKeys can be used from the Rust
side without having them registered. This is a soundness issue, so
remove them.
Fixes: 6ea5aa08857a ("rust: sync: introduce `LockClassKey`")
Suggested-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Mitchell Levy <levymitchell0@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@proton.me>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250307232717.1759087-11-boqun.feng@gmail.com
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If the warning mode with disabled mitigation mode is used, then on each
CPU where the split lock occurred detection will be disabled in order to
make progress and delayed work will be scheduled, which then will enable
detection back.
Now it turns out that all CPUs use one global delayed work structure.
This leads to the fact that if a split lock occurs on several CPUs
at the same time (within 2 jiffies), only one CPU will schedule delayed
work, but the rest will not.
The return value of schedule_delayed_work_on() would have shown this,
but it is not checked in the code.
A diagram that can help to understand the bug reproduction:
- sld_update_msr() enables/disables SLD on both CPUs on the same core
- schedule_delayed_work_on() internally checks WORK_STRUCT_PENDING_BIT.
If a work has the 'pending' status, then schedule_delayed_work_on()
will return an error code and, most importantly, the work will not
be placed in the workqueue.
Let's say we have a multicore system on which split_lock_mitigate=0 and
a multithreaded application is running that calls splitlock in multiple
threads. Due to the fact that sld_update_msr() affects the entire core
(both CPUs), we will consider 2 CPUs from different cores. Let the 2
threads of this application schedule to CPU0 (core 0) and to CPU 2
(core 1), then:
| || |
| CPU 0 (core 0) || CPU 2 (core 1) |
|_________________________________||___________________________________|
| || |
| 1) SPLIT LOCK occured || |
| || |
| 2) split_lock_warn() || |
| || |
| 3) sysctl_sld_mitigate == 0 || |
| (work = &sl_reenable) || |
| || |
| 4) schedule_delayed_work_on() || |
| (reenable will be called || |
| after 2 jiffies on CPU 0) || |
| || |
| 5) disable SLD for core 0 || |
| || |
| ------------------------- || |
| || |
| || 6) SPLIT LOCK occured |
| || |
| || 7) split_lock_warn() |
| || |
| || 8) sysctl_sld_mitigate == 0 |
| || (work = &sl_reenable, |
| || the same address as in 3) ) |
| || |
| 2 jiffies || 9) schedule_delayed_work_on() |
| || fials because the work is in |
| || the pending state since 4). |
| || The work wasn't placed to the |
| || workqueue. reenable won't be |
| || called on CPU 2 |
| || |
| || 10) disable SLD for core 0 |
| || |
| || From now on SLD will |
| || never be reenabled on core 1 |
| || |
| ------------------------- || |
| || |
| 11) enable SLD for core 0 by || |
| __split_lock_reenable || |
| || |
If the application threads can be scheduled to all processor cores,
then over time there will be only one core left, on which SLD will be
enabled and split lock will be able to be detected; and on all other
cores SLD will be disabled all the time.
Most likely, this bug has not been noticed for so long because
sysctl_sld_mitigate default value is 1, and in this case a semaphore
is used that does not allow 2 different cores to have SLD disabled at
the same time, that is, strictly only one work is placed in the
workqueue.
In order to fix the warning mode with disabled mitigation mode,
delayed work has to be per-CPU. Implement it.
Fixes: 727209376f49 ("x86/split_lock: Add sysctl to control the misery mode")
Signed-off-by: Maksim Davydov <davydov-max@yandex-team.ru>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Guilherme G. Piccoli <gpiccoli@igalia.com>
Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Cc: Ravi Bangoria <ravi.bangoria@amd.com>
Cc: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250115131704.132609-1-davydov-max@yandex-team.ru
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The fix to atomically read the pipe head and tail state when not holding
the pipe mutex has caused a number of headaches due to the size change
of the involved types.
It turns out that we don't have _that_ many places that access these
fields directly and were affected, but we have more than we strictly
should have, because our low-level helper functions have been designed
to have intimate knowledge of how the pipes work.
And as a result, that random noise of direct 'pipe->head' and
'pipe->tail' accesses makes it harder to pinpoint any actual potential
problem spots remaining.
For example, we didn't have a "is the pipe full" helper function, but
instead had a "given these pipe buffer indexes and this pipe size, is
the pipe full". That's because some low-level pipe code does actually
want that much more complicated interface.
But most other places literally just want a "is the pipe full" helper,
and not having it meant that those places ended up being unnecessarily
much too aware of this all.
It would have been much better if only the very core pipe code that
cared had been the one aware of this all.
So let's fix it - better late than never. This just introduces the
trivial wrappers for "is this pipe full or empty" and to get how many
pipe buffers are used, so that instead of writing
if (pipe_full(pipe->head, pipe->tail, pipe->max_usage))
the places that literally just want to know if a pipe is full can just
say
if (pipe_is_full(pipe))
instead. The existing trivial cases were converted with a 'sed' script.
This cuts down on the places that access pipe->head and pipe->tail
directly outside of the pipe code (and core splice code) quite a lot.
The splice code in particular still revels in doing the direct low-level
accesses, and the fuse fuse_dev_splice_write() code also seems a bit
unnecessarily eager to go very low-level, but it's at least a bit better
than it used to be.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Commit 5f89154e8e9e3445f9b59 ("block: Use enum to define RQF_x bit
indexes") converted the RQF flags to an anonymous enum, which was
a beneficial change. This patch goes one step further by naming the enum
as "rqf_flags".
This naming enables exporting these flags to BPF clients, eliminating
the need to duplicate these flags in BPF code. Instead, BPF clients can
now access the same kernel-side values through CO:RE (Compile Once, Run
Everywhere), as shown in this example:
rqf_stats = bpf_core_enum_value(enum rqf_flags, __RQF_STATS)
Suggested-by: Yonghong Song <yonghong.song@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Breno Leitao <leitao@debian.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306-rqf_flags-v1-1-bbd64918b406@debian.org
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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There's no point in doing copygc on non-rw devices: the fragmentation
doesn't matter if we're not writing to them, and we may not have
anywhere to put the data on our other devices.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>
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Previously, we fixed journal resize spuriousl failing with
-BCH_ERR_open_buckets_empty, but initial journal allocation was missed
because it didn't invoke the "block on allocator" loop at all.
Factor out the "loop on allocator" code to fix that.
Signed-off-by: Kent Overstreet <kent.overstreet@linux.dev>
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The 5-level paging code parses the command line to look for the 'no5lvl'
string, and does so very early, before sanitize_boot_params() has been
called and has been given the opportunity to wipe bogus data from the
fields in boot_params that are not covered by struct setup_header, and
are therefore supposed to be initialized to zero by the bootloader.
This triggers an early boot crash when using syslinux-efi to boot a
recent kernel built with CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL=y and CONFIG_EFI_STUB=n, as
the 0xff padding that now fills the unused PE/COFF header is copied into
boot_params by the bootloader, and interpreted as the top half of the
command line pointer.
Fix this by sanitizing the boot_params before use. Note that there is no
harm in calling this more than once; subsequent invocations are able to
spot that the boot_params have already been cleaned up.
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: "H. Peter Anvin" <hpa@zytor.com>
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.1+
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306155915.342465-2-ardb+git@google.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/202503041549.35913.ulrich.gemkow@ikr.uni-stuttgart.de
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This was another case that Rasmus pointed out where the direct access to
the pipe head and tail pointers broke on 32-bit configurations due to
the type changes.
As with the pipe FIONREAD case, fix it by using the appropriate helper
functions that deal with the right pipe index sizing.
Reported-by: Rasmus Villemoes <ravi@prevas.dk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/878qpi5wz4.fsf@prevas.dk/
Fixes: 3d252160b818 ("fs/pipe: Read pipe->{head,tail} atomically outside pipe->mutex")Cc: Oleg >
Cc: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com>
Cc: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
Cc: Swapnil Sapkal <swapnil.sapkal@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Rasmus points out that we do indeed have other cases of breakage from
the type changes that were introduced on 32-bit targets in order to read
the pipe head and tail values atomically (commit 3d252160b818: "fs/pipe:
Read pipe->{head,tail} atomically outside pipe->mutex").
Fix it up by using the proper helper functions that now deal with the
pipe buffer index types properly. This makes the code simpler and more
obvious.
The compiler does the CSE and loop hoisting of the pipe ring size
masking that we used to do manually, so open-coding this was never a
good idea.
Reported-by: Rasmus Villemoes <ravi@prevas.dk>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/87cyeu5zgk.fsf@prevas.dk/
Fixes: 3d252160b818 ("fs/pipe: Read pipe->{head,tail} atomically outside pipe->mutex")Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com>
Cc: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
Cc: Swapnil Sapkal <swapnil.sapkal@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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That's what 'pipe_full()' does, so it's more consistent. But more
importantly it gets the type limits right when the pipe head and tail
are no longer necessarily 'unsigned int'.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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of_parse_phandle_with_fixed_args() requires its caller to
call into of_node_put() on the node pointer from the output
structure, but such a call is currently missing.
Call into of_node_put() to rectify that.
Fixes: 159f8a0209af ("gpio-rcar: Add DT support")
Signed-off-by: Fabrizio Castro <fabrizio.castro.jz@renesas.com>
Reviewed-by: Lad Prabhakar <prabhakar.mahadev-lad.rj@bp.renesas.com>
Reviewed-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert+renesas@glider.be>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305163753.34913-2-fabrizio.castro.jz@renesas.com
Signed-off-by: Bartosz Golaszewski <bartosz.golaszewski@linaro.org>
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Add btrfs_free_chunk_map() to free the memory allocated
by btrfs_alloc_chunk_map() if btrfs_add_chunk_map() fails.
Fixes: 7dc66abb5a47 ("btrfs: use a dedicated data structure for chunk maps")
CC: stable@vger.kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Qu Wenruo <wqu@suse.com>
Reviewed-by: Filipe Manana <fdmanana@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Haoxiang Li <haoxiang_li2024@163.com>
Signed-off-by: David Sterba <dsterba@suse.com>
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Add missing skb_dst_drop() to drop reference to the old dst before
adding the new dst to the skb.
Fixes: 79ff2fc31e0f ("ila: Cache a route to translated address")
Cc: Tom Herbert <tom@herbertland.com>
Signed-off-by: Justin Iurman <justin.iurman@uliege.be>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305081655.19032-1-justin.iurman@uliege.be
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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This patch follows commit 92191dd10730 ("net: ipv6: fix dst ref loops in
rpl, seg6 and ioam6 lwtunnels") and, on a second thought, the same patch
is also needed for ila (even though the config that triggered the issue
was pathological, but still, we don't want that to happen).
Fixes: 79ff2fc31e0f ("ila: Cache a route to translated address")
Cc: Tom Herbert <tom@herbertland.com>
Signed-off-by: Justin Iurman <justin.iurman@uliege.be>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250304181039.35951-1-justin.iurman@uliege.be
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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daddr can be NULL if there is no neighbour table entry present,
in that case the tx packet should be dropped.
saddr will usually be set by MCTP core, but check for NULL in case a
packet is transmitted by a different protocol.
Signed-off-by: Matt Johnston <matt@codeconstruct.com.au>
Fixes: c8755b29b58e ("mctp i3c: MCTP I3C driver")
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250304-mctp-i3c-null-v1-1-4416bbd56540@codeconstruct.com.au
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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By default fair_server dl_server allocates 5% of the bandwidth to the root
domain. Due to this writing any value less than 5% fails due to -EBUSY:
$ cat /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us
1000000
$ echo 49999 > /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us
-bash: echo: write error: Device or resource busy
$ echo 50000 > /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us
$
Since the sched_rt_runtime_us allows -1 as the minimum, put this
restriction in the documentation.
One should check average of runtime/period in
/sys/kernel/debug/sched/fair_server/cpuX/* for exact value.
Signed-off-by: Shrikanth Hegde <sshegde@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306052954.452005-3-sshegde@linux.ibm.com
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The ftrace selftest reported a failure because writing -1 to
sched_rt_runtime_us returns -EBUSY. This happens when the possible
CPUs are different from active CPUs.
Active CPUs are part of one root domain, while remaining CPUs are part
of def_root_domain. Since active cpumask is being used, this results in
cpus=0 when a non active CPUs is used in the loop.
Fix it by looping over the online CPUs instead for validating the
bandwidth calculations.
Signed-off-by: Shrikanth Hegde <sshegde@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250306052954.452005-2-sshegde@linux.ibm.com
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It is already difficult for users to troubleshoot which of multiple pid
limits restricts their workload. The per-(hierarchical-)NS pid_max would
contribute to the confusion.
Also, the implementation copies the limit upon creation from
parent, this pattern showed cumbersome with some attributes in legacy
cgroup controllers -- it's subject to race condition between parent's
limit modification and children creation and once copied it must be
changed in the descendant.
Let's do what other places do (ucounts or cgroup limits) -- create new
pid namespaces without any limit at all. The global limit (actually any
ancestor's limit) is still effectively in place, we avoid the
set/unshare race and bumps of global (ancestral) limit have the desired
effect on pid namespace that do not care.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240408145819.8787-1-mkoutny@suse.com/
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250221170249.890014-1-mkoutny@suse.com/
Fixes: 7863dcc72d0f4 ("pid: allow pid_max to be set per pid namespace")
Signed-off-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250305145849.55491-1-mkoutny@suse.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
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The recent rewrite with the use of regular atomic helpers broke the
DPMS unblanking on X11. Fix it by moving the call of
bochs_hw_blank(false) from CRTC mode_set_nofb() to atomic_enable().
Fixes: 2037174993c8 ("drm/bochs: Use regular atomic helpers")
Link: https://bugzilla.suse.com/show_bug.cgi?id=1238209
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Zimmermann <tzimmermann@suse.de>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250304134203.20534-1-tiwai@suse.de
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On MMIO devices (e.g. MT7988 or EN7581) unicast traffic received on lanX
port is flooded on all other user ports if the DSA switch is configured
without VLAN support since PORT_MATRIX in PCR regs contains all user
ports. Similar to MDIO devices (e.g. MT7530 and MT7531) fix the issue
defining default VLAN-ID 0 for MT7530 MMIO devices.
Fixes: 110c18bfed414 ("net: dsa: mt7530: introduce driver for MT7988 built-in switch")
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Chester A. Unal <chester.a.unal@arinc9.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250304-mt7988-flooding-fix-v1-1-905523ae83e9@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>
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The IOPOLL path posts CQEs when the io_kiocb is marked as completed,
so it cannot rely on the usual retry that non-IOPOLL requests do for
read/write requests.
If -EAGAIN is received and the request should be retried, go through
the normal completion path and let the normal flush logic catch it and
reissue it, like what is done for !IOPOLL reads or writes.
Fixes: d803d123948f ("io_uring/rw: handle -EAGAIN retry at IO completion time")
Reported-by: John Garry <john.g.garry@oracle.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/io-uring/2b43ccfa-644d-4a09-8f8f-39ad71810f41@oracle.com/
Signed-off-by: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
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If userptr pages are freed after a call to the xe mmu notifier,
the device will not be blocked out from theoretically accessing
these pages unless they are also unmapped from the iommu, and
this violates some aspects of the iommu-imposed security.
Ensure that userptrs are unmapped in the mmu notifier to
mitigate this. A naive attempt would try to free the sg table, but
the sg table itself may be accessed by a concurrent bind
operation, so settle for only unmapping.
v3:
- Update lockdep asserts.
- Fix a typo (Matthew Auld)
Fixes: 81e058a3e7fd ("drm/xe: Introduce helper to populate userptr")
Cc: Oak Zeng <oak.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.10+
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com>
Acked-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250304173342.22009-4-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
(cherry picked from commit ba767b9d01a2c552d76cf6f46b125d50ec4147a6)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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The pnfs that we obtain from hmm_range_fault() point to pages that
we don't have a reference on, and the guarantee that they are still
in the cpu page-tables is that the notifier lock must be held and the
notifier seqno is still valid.
So while building the sg table and marking the pages accesses / dirty
we need to hold this lock with a validated seqno.
However, the lock is reclaim tainted which makes
sg_alloc_table_from_pages_segment() unusable, since it internally
allocates memory.
Instead build the sg-table manually. For the non-iommu case
this might lead to fewer coalesces, but if that's a problem it can
be fixed up later in the resource cursor code. For the iommu case,
the whole sg-table may still be coalesced to a single contigous
device va region.
This avoids marking pages that we don't own dirty and accessed, and
it also avoid dereferencing struct pages that we don't own.
v2:
- Use assert to check whether hmm pfns are valid (Matthew Auld)
- Take into account that large pages may cross range boundaries
(Matthew Auld)
v3:
- Don't unnecessarily check for a non-freed sg-table. (Matthew Auld)
- Add a missing up_read() in an error path. (Matthew Auld)
Fixes: 81e058a3e7fd ("drm/xe: Introduce helper to populate userptr")
Cc: Oak Zeng <oak.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.10+
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com>
Acked-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250304173342.22009-3-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
(cherry picked from commit ea3e66d280ce2576664a862693d1da8fd324c317)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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Add proper #ifndef around the xe_hmm.h header, proper spacing
and since the documentation mostly follows kerneldoc format,
make it kerneldoc. Also prepare for upcoming -stable fixes.
Fixes: 81e058a3e7fd ("drm/xe: Introduce helper to populate userptr")
Cc: Oak Zeng <oak.zeng@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.10+
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com>
Acked-by: Matthew Brost <Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250304173342.22009-2-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
(cherry picked from commit bbe2b06b55bc061c8fcec034ed26e88287f39143)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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Concurrent VM bind staging and zapping of PTEs from a userptr notifier
do not work because the view of PTEs is not stable. VM binds cannot
acquire the notifier lock during staging, as memory allocations are
required. To resolve this race condition, use a staging tree for VM
binds that is committed only under the userptr notifier lock during the
final step of the bind. This ensures a consistent view of the PTEs in
the userptr notifier.
A follow up may only use staging for VM in fault mode as this is the
only mode in which the above race exists.
v3:
- Drop zap PTE change (Thomas)
- s/xe_pt_entry/xe_pt_entry_staging (Thomas)
Suggested-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Fixes: e8babb280b5e ("drm/xe: Convert multiple bind ops into single job")
Fixes: a708f6501c69 ("drm/xe: Update PT layer with better error handling")
Signed-off-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250228073058.59510-5-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
(cherry picked from commit 6f39b0c5ef0385eae586760d10b9767168037aa5)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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Fix fault mode invalidation racing with unbind leading to the
PTE zapping potentially traversing an invalid page-table tree.
Do this by holding the notifier lock across PTE zapping. This
might transfer any contention waiting on the notifier seqlock
read side to the notifier lock read side, but that shouldn't be
a major problem.
At the same time get rid of the open-coded invalidation in the bind
code by relying on the notifier even when the vma bind is not
yet committed.
Finally let userptr invalidation call a dedicated xe_vm function
performing a full invalidation.
Fixes: e8babb280b5e ("drm/xe: Convert multiple bind ops into single job")
Cc: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Cc: Matthew Auld <matthew.auld@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.12+
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250228073058.59510-4-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
(cherry picked from commit 100a5b8dadfca50d91d9a4c9fc01431b42a25cab)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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Fix a (harmless) misplaced #endif leading to declarations
appearing multiple times.
Fixes: 0eb2a18a8fad ("drm/xe: Implement VM snapshot support for BO's and userptr")
Cc: Maarten Lankhorst <maarten.lankhorst@linux.intel.com>
Cc: José Roberto de Souza <jose.souza@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.12+
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Lucas De Marchi <lucas.demarchi@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tejas Upadhyay <tejas.upadhyay@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250228073058.59510-3-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
(cherry picked from commit fcc20a4c752214b3e25632021c57d7d1d71ee1dd)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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If a userptr vma subject to prefetching was already invalidated
or invalidated during the prefetch operation, the operation would
repeatedly return -EAGAIN which would typically cause an infinite
loop.
Validate the userptr to ensure this doesn't happen.
v2:
- Don't fallthrough from UNMAP to PREFETCH (Matthew Brost)
Fixes: 5bd24e78829a ("drm/xe/vm: Subclass userptr vmas")
Fixes: 617eebb9c480 ("drm/xe: Fix array of binds")
Cc: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org> # v6.9+
Suggested-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Hellström <thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Brost <matthew.brost@intel.com>
Link: https://patchwork.freedesktop.org/patch/msgid/20250228073058.59510-2-thomas.hellstrom@linux.intel.com
(cherry picked from commit 03c346d4d0d85d210d549d43c8cfb3dfb7f20e0a)
Signed-off-by: Rodrigo Vivi <rodrigo.vivi@intel.com>
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Laptop uses 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using External boost with I2C
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-8-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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Add support for ASUS B5605CCA and B5405CCA.
Laptops use 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using Internal boost, with SPI
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-7-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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Add support for ASUS B3405CCA / P3405CCA, B3605CCA / P3605CCA,
B3405CCA, B3605CCA.
Laptops use 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using Internal boost, with SPI
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-6-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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Add support for ASUS B3405CVA, B5405CVA, B5605CVA, B3605CVA.
Laptops use 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using Internal boost, with SPI
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-5-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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Add support for ASUS G614PH/PM/PP and G614FH/FM/FP.
Laptops use 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using Internal boost, with I2C
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-4-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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Add support for ASUS GA603KP, GA603KM and GA603KH.
Laptops use 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using Internal boost, with I2C
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-3-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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Add support for ASUS G814PH/PM/PP and G814FH/FM/FP.
Laptops use 2 CS35L41 Amps with HDA, using Internal boost, with I2C.
Signed-off-by: Stefan Binding <sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com>
Signed-off-by: Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250305170714.755794-2-sbinding@opensource.cirrus.com
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The kernel_recvmsg() function returns an int which could be either
negative error codes or the number of bytes received. The problem is
that the condition:
if (ret < sizeof(*icresp)) {
is type promoted to type unsigned long and negative values are treated
as high positive values which is success, when they should be treated as
failure. Handle invalid positive returns separately from negative
error codes to avoid this problem.
Fixes: 578539e09690 ("nvme-tcp: fix connect failure on receiving partial ICResp PDU")
Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org>
Reviewed-by: Caleb Sander Mateos <csander@purestorage.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
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While looking for incorrect users of the pipe head/tail fields (see
commit c27c66afc449: "fs/pipe: Fix pipe_occupancy() with 16-bit
indexes"), I found a bug in pipe_discard_from() that looked entirely
broken.
However, the fix is trivial: this buggy function isn't actually called
by anything, so let's just remove it ASAP.
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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always allow ih interrupt from fw on smu v14 based on
the interface requirement
Signed-off-by: Kenneth Feng <kenneth.feng@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Yang Wang <kevinyang.wang@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
(cherry picked from commit a3199eba46c54324193607d9114a1e321292d7a1)
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org # 6.12.x
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num_gb_pipes was set to a wrong value using r420_pipe_config
This have lead to HyperZ glitches on fast Z clearing.
Closes: https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=110897
Reviewed-by: Marek Olšák <marek.olsak@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Thier <u9vata@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
(cherry picked from commit 044e59a85c4d84e3c8d004c486e5c479640563a6)
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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Add htmldoc annotation for the newly introduced "head_tail" member
describing it to be a union of the pipe_inode_info's @head and @tail
members.
Reported-by: Stephen Rothwell <sfr@canb.auug.org.au>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20250305204609.5e64768e@canb.auug.org.au/
Fixes: 3d252160b818 ("fs/pipe: Read pipe->{head,tail} atomically outside pipe->mutex")
Signed-off-by: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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The pipe_occupancy() logic implicitly relied on the natural unsigned
modulo arithmetic in C, but that doesn't work for the new 'pipe_index_t'
case, since any arithmetic will be done in 'int' (and here we had also
made it 'unsigned int' due to the function call boundary).
So make the modulo arithmetic explicit by casting the result to the
proper type.
Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com>
Cc: Mateusz Guzik <mjguzik@gmail.com>
Cc: Manfred Spraul <manfred@colorfullife.com>
Cc: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
Cc: Swapnil Sapkal <swapnil.sapkal@amd.com>
Cc: Alexey Gladkov <legion@kernel.org>
Cc: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/all/CAHk-=wjyHsGLx=rxg6PKYBNkPYAejgo7=CbyL3=HGLZLsAaJFQ@mail.gmail.com/
Fixes: 3d252160b818 ("fs/pipe: Read pipe->{head,tail} atomically outside pipe->mutex")
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Through KFD IOCTL Fuzzing we encountered a NULL pointer derefrence
when calling kfd_queue_acquire_buffers.
Fixes: 629568d25fea ("drm/amdkfd: Validate queue cwsr area and eop buffer size")
Signed-off-by: Andrew Martin <Andrew.Martin@amd.com>
Reviewed-by: Philip Yang <Philip.Yang@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Martin <Andrew.Martin@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
(cherry picked from commit 049e5bf3c8406f87c3d8e1958e0a16804fa1d530)
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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Null pointer dereference issue could occur when pipe_ctx->plane_state
is null. The fix adds a check to ensure 'pipe_ctx->plane_state' is not
null before accessing. This prevents a null pointer dereference.
Found by code review.
Fixes: 3be5262e353b ("drm/amd/display: Rename more dc_surface stuff to plane_state")
Reviewed-by: Alex Hung <alex.hung@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ma Ke <make24@iscas.ac.cn>
Signed-off-by: Alex Deucher <alexander.deucher@amd.com>
(cherry picked from commit 63e6a77ccf239337baa9b1e7787cde9fa0462092)
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
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child_cfs_rq_on_list attempts to convert a 'prev' pointer to a cfs_rq.
This 'prev' pointer can originate from struct rq's leaf_cfs_rq_list,
making the conversion invalid and potentially leading to memory
corruption. Depending on the relative positions of leaf_cfs_rq_list and
the task group (tg) pointer within the struct, this can cause a memory
fault or access garbage data.
The issue arises in list_add_leaf_cfs_rq, where both
cfs_rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list and rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list are added to the same
leaf list. Also, rq->tmp_alone_branch can be set to rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list.
This adds a check `if (prev == &rq->leaf_cfs_rq_list)` after the main
conditional in child_cfs_rq_on_list. This ensures that the container_of
operation will convert a correct cfs_rq struct.
This check is sufficient because only cfs_rqs on the same CPU are added
to the list, so verifying the 'prev' pointer against the current rq's list
head is enough.
Fixes a potential memory corruption issue that due to current struct
layout might not be manifesting as a crash but could lead to unpredictable
behavior when the layout changes.
Fixes: fdaba61ef8a2 ("sched/fair: Ensure that the CFS parent is added after unthrottling")
Signed-off-by: Zecheng Li <zecheng@google.com>
Reviewed-and-tested-by: K Prateek Nayak <kprateek.nayak@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org>
Reviewed-by: Vincent Guittot <vincent.guittot@linaro.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250304214031.2882646-1-zecheng@google.com
|
Waiman Long
Randy Dunlap
Mitchell Levy
Maksim Davydov
Linus Torvalds
Breno Leitao
Kent Overstreet
Ard Biesheuvel
Fabrizio Castro
Haoxiang Li
Justin Iurman
Matt Johnston
Shrikanth Hegde
Michal Koutný
Takashi Iwai
Lorenzo Bianconi
Jens Axboe
Thomas Hellström
Matthew Brost
Stefan Binding
Dan Carpenter
Kenneth Feng
Richard Thier
K Prateek Nayak
Andrew Martin
Ma Ke
Zecheng Li