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First of all, in order to build with clang at all, one must first apply
Valentin Obst's build fix for LLVM [1]. Once that is done, then when
building with clang, via:
make LLVM=1 -C tools/testing/selftests
...clang generates warning here, because struct cpu_hogger has multiple
fields, and the code is initializing an array of these structs, and it
is incorrect to specify a single NULL value as the initializer.
Fix this by initializing with {}, so that the compiler knows to use
default initializer values for all fields in each array entry.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240329-selftests-libmk-llvm-rfc-v1-1-2f9ed7d1c49f@valentinobst.de/
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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First of all, in order to build with clang at all, one must first apply
Valentin Obst's build fix for LLVM [1]. Once that is done, then when
building with clang, via:
make LLVM=1 -C tools/testing/selftests
...clang warns about fd being used uninitialized, in
test_memcg_reclaim()'s error handling path.
Fix this by initializing fd to -1.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240329-selftests-libmk-llvm-rfc-v1-1-2f9ed7d1c49f@valentinobst.de/
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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First of all, in order to build with clang at all, one must first apply
Valentin Obst's build fix for LLVM [1]. Once that is done, then when
building with clang, via:
make LLVM=1 -C tools/testing/selftests
...clang is pickier than gcc, about which version of abs(3) to call,
depending on the argument type:
int abs(int j);
long labs(long j);
long long llabs(long long j);
...and this is causing both build failures and warnings, when running:
make LLVM=1 -C tools/testing/selftests
Fix this by calling labs() in value_close(), because the arguments are
unambiguously "long" type.
[1] https://lore.kernel.org/all/20240329-selftests-libmk-llvm-rfc-v1-1-2f9ed7d1c49f@valentinobst.de/
Signed-off-by: John Hubbard <jhubbard@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Roman Gushchin <roman.gushchin@linux.dev>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The comment here is outdated and can cause confusion, from the code
perspective, there’s also no need for new comment, so just remove it.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Acked-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Commit 8996f93fc388 ("cgroup/cpuset: Statically initialize more
members of top_cpuset") uses an incorrect "<" relational operator for
the CS_SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE bit when initializing the top_cpuset. This
results in load_balancing turned off by default in the top cpuset which
is bad for performance.
Fix this by using the BIT() helper macro to set the desired top_cpuset
flags and avoid similar mistake from being made in the future.
Fixes: 8996f93fc388 ("cgroup/cpuset: Statically initialize more members of top_cpuset")
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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In cpuset_css_online(), CS_SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE will be cleared twice,
the former one in the is_in_v2_mode() case could be removed because
is_in_v2_mode() can be true for cgroup v1 if the "cpuset_v2_mode"
mount option is specified, that balance flag change isn't appropriate
for this particular case.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Initializing top_cpuset.relax_domain_level and setting
CS_SCHED_LOAD_BALANCE to top_cpuset.flags in cpuset_init() could be
completed at the time of top_cpuset definition by compiler.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Reviewed-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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No need to continue the for_each_subsys loop after the token matches the
name of subsys and cgroup_no_v1_mask is set.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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After commit f5d39b020809 ("freezer,sched: Rewrite core freezer logic"),
system_freezing_count was replaced by freezer_active.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This patch add two entries (pids.peak and pids.events) for pids
controller, and also update pids.current because it's on non-root.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Currently cgroup1_pidlist_destroy_all() will be called when releasing
cgroup even if the cgroup is on default hierarchy, however it doesn't
make any sense for v2 to destroy pidlist of v1.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The freezer->lock was replaced by freezer_mutex in commit e5ced8ebb10c
("cgroup_freezer: replace freezer->lock with freezer_mutex"), so the
comment here is out-of-date, update it.
Signed-off-by: Xiu Jianfeng <xiujianfeng@huawei.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Recent change to cgroup_rstat_flush_release added a
parameter cgrp, which is used by tracepoint to correlate
with other tracepoints that also have this cgrp.
The kernel test robot detected kernel doc was missing
a description of this member.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202404170821.HwZGISTY-lkp@intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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This commit enhances the ability to troubleshoot the global
cgroup_rstat_lock by introducing wrapper helper functions for the lock
along with associated tracepoints.
Although global, the cgroup_rstat_lock helper APIs and tracepoints take
arguments such as cgroup pointer and cpu_in_loop variable. This
adjustment is made because flushing occurs per cgroup despite the lock
being global. Hence, when troubleshooting, it's important to identify the
relevant cgroup. The cpu_in_loop variable is necessary because the global
lock may be released within the main flushing loop that traverses CPUs.
In the tracepoints, the cpu_in_loop value is set to -1 when acquiring the
main lock; otherwise, it denotes the CPU number processed last.
The new feature in this patchset is detecting when lock is contended. The
tracepoints are implemented with production in mind. For minimum overhead
attach to cgroup:cgroup_rstat_lock_contended, which only gets activated
when trylock detects lock is contended. A quick production check for
issues could be done via this perf commands:
perf record -g -e cgroup:cgroup_rstat_lock_contended
Next natural question would be asking how long time do lock contenders
wait for obtaining the lock. This can be answered by measuring the time
between cgroup:cgroup_rstat_lock_contended and cgroup:cgroup_rstat_locked
when args->contended is set. Like this bpftrace script:
bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:cgroup:cgroup_rstat_lock_contended {@start[tid]=nsecs}
tracepoint:cgroup:cgroup_rstat_locked {
if (args->contended) {
@wait_ns=hist(nsecs-@start[tid]); delete(@start[tid]);}}
interval:s:1 {time("%H:%M:%S "); print(@wait_ns); }'
Extending with time spend holding the lock will be more expensive as this
also looks at all the non-contended cases.
Like this bpftrace script:
bpftrace -e '
tracepoint:cgroup:cgroup_rstat_lock_contended {@start[tid]=nsecs}
tracepoint:cgroup:cgroup_rstat_locked { @locked[tid]=nsecs;
if (args->contended) {
@wait_ns=hist(nsecs-@start[tid]); delete(@start[tid]);}}
tracepoint:cgroup:cgroup_rstat_unlock {
@locked_ns=hist(nsecs-@locked[tid]); delete(@locked[tid]);}
interval:s:1 {time("%H:%M:%S "); print(@wait_ns);print(@locked_ns); }'
Signed-off-by: Jesper Dangaard Brouer <hawk@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Atomic counters are in kzalloc'd struct. They are zeroed already and
atomic64_t does not need special initialization
(cf kernel/trace/trace_clock.c:trace_counter).
Signed-off-by: Michal Koutný <mkoutny@suse.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The original description refers to the comment on
cgroup_for_each_descendant_pre() for more details. However, the macro
cgroup_for_each_descendant_pre() no longer exist, we replace it with the
corresponding macro cgroup_for_each_live_descendant_pre().
Signed-off-by: I Hsin Cheng <richard120310@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Add a simple test to verify that an empty v1 cpuset will force its tasks
to be moved to an ancestor node. It is based on the test case documented
in commit 76bb5ab8f6e3 ("cpuset: break kernfs active protection in
cpuset_write_resmask()").
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Since commit 3a5a6d0c2b03("cpuset: don't nest cgroup_mutex inside
get_online_cpus()"), cpuset hotplug was done asynchronously via a work
function. This is to avoid recursive locking of cgroup_mutex.
Since then, the cgroup locking scheme has changed quite a bit. A
cpuset_mutex was introduced to protect cpuset specific operations.
The cpuset_mutex is then replaced by a cpuset_rwsem. With commit
d74b27d63a8b ("cgroup/cpuset: Change cpuset_rwsem and hotplug lock
order"), cpu_hotplug_lock is acquired before cpuset_rwsem. Later on,
cpuset_rwsem is reverted back to cpuset_mutex. All these locking changes
allow the hotplug code to call into cpuset core directly.
The following commits were also merged due to the asynchronous nature
of cpuset hotplug processing.
- commit b22afcdf04c9 ("cpu/hotplug: Cure the cpusets trainwreck")
- commit 50e76632339d ("sched/cpuset/pm: Fix cpuset vs. suspend-resume
bugs")
- commit 28b89b9e6f7b ("cpuset: handle race between CPU hotplug and
cpuset_hotplug_work")
Clean up all these bandages by making cpuset hotplug
processing synchronous again with the exception that the call to
cgroup_transfer_tasks() to transfer tasks out of an empty cgroup v1
cpuset, if necessary, will still be done via a work function due to the
existing cgroup_mutex -> cpu_hotplug_lock dependency. It is possible
to reverse that dependency, but that will require updating a number of
different cgroup controllers. This special hotplug code path should be
rarely taken anyway.
As all the cpuset states will be updated by the end of the hotplug
operation, we can revert most the above commits except commit
50e76632339d ("sched/cpuset/pm: Fix cpuset vs. suspend-resume bugs")
which is partially reverted. Also removing some cpus_read_lock trylock
attempts in the cpuset partition code as they are no longer necessary
since the cpu_hotplug_lock is now held for the whole duration of the
cpuset hotplug code path.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Tested-by: Valentin Schneider <vschneid@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The test case test_cgcore_lesser_ns_open only tasks effect when cgroup2
is mounted with "nsdelegate" mount option. If it misses this option, or
is remounted without "nsdelegate", the test case will fail. For example,
running bpf/test_cgroup_storage first, and then run cgroup/test_core will
fail on test_cgcore_lesser_ns_open. Skip it if "nsdelegate" is not
detected in cgroup2 mount options.
Fixes: bf35a7879f1d ("selftests: cgroup: Test open-time cgroup namespace usage for migration checks")
Signed-off-by: Tianchen Ding <dtcccc@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Muhammad Usama Anjum <usama.anjum@collabora.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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The limitation that all RT processes have to be in the root cgroup
before enabling cpu controller only applies if the CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED
option is enabled in the running kernel. If a kernel does not have
CONFIG_RT_GROUP_SCHED enabled, RT processes can exist in a non-root
cgroup even when cpu controller is enabled. CPU sharing of RT processes
will not be under cgroup control, but other resources like memory can be.
Clarify this limitation to avoid confusion to users that are using
cgroup v2.
Signed-off-by: Waiman Long <longman@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
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Check if get_next_variable() is actually valid pointer before
calling it. In kdump kernel this method is set to NULL that causes
panic during the kexec-ed kernel boot.
Tested with QEMU and OVMF firmware.
Fixes: bad267f9e18f ("efi: verify that variable services are supported")
Signed-off-by: Oleksandr Tymoshenko <ovt@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
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Clearing BSS should only be done once, at the very beginning.
efi_pe_entry() is the entrypoint from the firmware, which may not clear
BSS and so it is done explicitly. However, efi_pe_entry() is also used
as an entrypoint by the mixed mode startup code, in which case BSS will
already have been cleared, and doing it again at this point will corrupt
global variables holding the firmware's GDT/IDT and segment selectors.
So make the memset() conditional on whether the EFI stub is running in
native mode.
Fixes: b3810c5a2cc4a666 ("x86/efistub: Clear decompressor BSS in native EFI entrypoint")
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
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Normally, the EFI stub calls into the EFI boot services using the stack
that was live when the stub was entered. According to the UEFI spec,
this stack needs to be at least 128k in size - this might seem large but
all asynchronous processing and event handling in EFI runs from the same
stack and so quite a lot of space may be used in practice.
In mixed mode, the situation is a bit different: the bootloader calls
the 32-bit EFI stub entry point, which calls the decompressor's 32-bit
entry point, where the boot stack is set up, using a fixed allocation
of 16k. This stack is still in use when the EFI stub is started in
64-bit mode, and so all calls back into the EFI firmware will be using
the decompressor's limited boot stack.
Due to the placement of the boot stack right after the boot heap, any
stack overruns have gone unnoticed. However, commit
5c4feadb0011983b ("x86/decompressor: Move global symbol references to C code")
moved the definition of the boot heap into C code, and now the boot
stack is placed right at the base of BSS, where any overruns will
corrupt the end of the .data section.
While it would be possible to work around this by increasing the size of
the boot stack, doing so would affect all x86 systems, and mixed mode
systems are a tiny (and shrinking) fraction of the x86 installed base.
So instead, record the firmware stack pointer value when entering from
the 32-bit firmware, and switch to this stack every time a EFI boot
service call is made.
Cc: <stable@kernel.org> # v6.1+
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
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Commit 63bed9660420 ("x86/startup_64: Defer assignment of 5-level paging
global variables") moved assignment of 5-level global variables to later
in the boot in order to avoid having to use RIP relative addressing in
order to set them. However, when running with 5-level paging and SME
active (mem_encrypt=on), the variables are needed as part of the page
table setup needed to encrypt the kernel (using pgd_none(), p4d_offset(),
etc.). Since the variables haven't been set, the page table manipulation
is done as if 4-level paging is active, causing the system to crash on
boot.
While only a subset of the assignments that were moved need to be set
early, move all of the assignments back into check_la57_support() so that
these assignments aren't spread between two locations. Instead of just
reverting the fix, this uses the new RIP_REL_REF() macro when assigning
the variables.
Fixes: 63bed9660420 ("x86/startup_64: Defer assignment of 5-level paging global variables")
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/2ca419f4d0de719926fd82353f6751f717590a86.1711122067.git.thomas.lendacky@amd.com
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When running with 5-level page tables, the kernel mapping PGD entry is
updated to point to the P4D table. The assignment uses _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC,
which, when SME is active (mem_encrypt=on), results in a page table
entry without the encryption mask set, causing the system to crash on
boot.
Change the assignment to use _PAGE_TABLE instead of _PAGE_TABLE_NOENC so
that the encryption mask is set for the PGD entry.
Fixes: 533568e06b15 ("x86/boot/64: Use RIP_REL_REF() to access early_top_pgt[]")
Signed-off-by: Tom Lendacky <thomas.lendacky@amd.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/8f20345cda7dbba2cf748b286e1bc00816fe649a.1711122067.git.thomas.lendacky@amd.com
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This one is the regular laptop CPU.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322161725.195614-1-tony.luck@intel.com
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Commit 672365477ae8 ("x86/fpu: Update XFD state where required") and
commit 8bf26758ca96 ("x86/fpu: Add XFD state to fpstate") introduced a
per CPU variable xfd_state to keep the MSR_IA32_XFD value cached, in
order to avoid unnecessary writes to the MSR.
On CPU hotplug MSR_IA32_XFD is reset to the init_fpstate.xfd, which
wipes out any stale state. But the per CPU cached xfd value is not
reset, which brings them out of sync.
As a consequence a subsequent xfd_update_state() might fail to update
the MSR which in turn can result in XRSTOR raising a #NM in kernel
space, which crashes the kernel.
To fix this, introduce xfd_set_state() to write xfd_state together
with MSR_IA32_XFD, and use it in all places that set MSR_IA32_XFD.
Fixes: 672365477ae8 ("x86/fpu: Update XFD state where required")
Signed-off-by: Adamos Ttofari <attofari@amazon.de>
Signed-off-by: Chang S. Bae <chang.seok.bae@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322230439.456571-1-chang.seok.bae@intel.com
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20230511152818.13839-1-attofari@amazon.de
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The memory bandwidth software controller uses 2^20 units rather than
10^6. See mbm_bw_count() which computes bandwidth using the "SZ_1M"
Linux define for 0x00100000.
Update the documentation to use MiB when describing this feature.
It's too late to fix the mount option "mba_MBps" as that is now an
established user interface.
Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322182016.196544-1-tony.luck@intel.com
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The APIC address is registered twice. First during the early detection and
afterwards when actually scanning the table for APIC IDs. The APIC and
topology core warn about the second attempt.
Restrict it to the early detection call.
Fixes: 81287ad65da5 ("x86/apic: Sanitize APIC address setup")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322185305.297774848@linutronix.de
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If there is no local APIC enumerated and registered then the topology
bitmaps are empty. Therefore, topology_init_possible_cpus() will die with
a division by zero exception.
Prevent this by registering a fake APIC id to populate the topology
bitmap. This also allows to use all topology query interfaces
unconditionally. It does not affect the actual APIC code because either
the local APIC address was not registered or no local APIC could be
detected.
Fixes: f1f758a80516 ("x86/topology: Add a mechanism to track topology via APIC IDs")
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Reported-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322185305.242709302@linutronix.de
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The local APICs have not yet been enumerated so the logical ID evaluation
from the topology bitmaps does not work and would return an error code.
Skip the evaluation during the early boot CPUID evaluation and only apply
it on the final run.
Fixes: 380414be78bf ("x86/cpu/topology: Use topology logical mapping mechanism")
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322185305.186943142@linutronix.de
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The boot sequence evaluates CPUID information twice:
1) During early boot
2) When finalizing the early setup right before
mitigations are selected and alternatives are patched.
In both cases the evaluation is stored in boot_cpu_data, but on UP the
copying of boot_cpu_data to the per CPU info of the boot CPU happens
between #1 and #2. So any update which happens in #2 is never propagated to
the per CPU info instance.
Consolidate the whole logic and copy boot_cpu_data right before applying
alternatives as that's the point where boot_cpu_data is in it's final
state and not supposed to change anymore.
This also removes the voodoo mb() from smp_prepare_cpus_common() which
had absolutely no purpose.
Fixes: 71eb4893cfaf ("x86/percpu: Cure per CPU madness on UP")
Reported-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Borislav Petkov (AMD) <bp@alien8.de>
Tested-by: Guenter Roeck <linux@roeck-us.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240322185305.127642785@linutronix.de
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The current message for telling the user that their compiler does not
support the counted_by attribute in the FAM_BOUNDS test does not make
much sense either grammatically or semantically. Fix it to make it
correct in both aspects.
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240321-lkdtm-improve-lack-of-counted_by-msg-v1-1-0fbf7481a29c@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
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The norm should be flexible array structures with __counted_by
annotations, so DEFINE_FLEX() is updated to expect that. Rename
the non-annotated version to DEFINE_RAW_FLEX(), and update the
few existing users. Additionally add selftests for the macros.
Reviewed-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240306235128.it.933-kees@kernel.org
Reviewed-by: Przemek Kitszel <przemyslaw.kitszel@intel.com>
Signed-off-by: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
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Following warning is sometimes observed while booting my servers:
[ 3.594838] DMA: preallocated 4096 KiB GFP_KERNEL pool for atomic allocations
[ 3.602918] swapper/0: page allocation failure: order:10, mode:0xcc1(GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA), nodemask=(null),cpuset=/,mems_allowed=0-1
...
[ 3.851862] DMA: preallocated 1024 KiB GFP_KERNEL|GFP_DMA pool for atomic allocation
If 'nokaslr' boot option is set, the warning always happens.
On x86, ZONE_DMA is small zone at the first 16MB of physical address
space. When this problem happens, most of that space seems to be used by
decompressed kernel. Thereby, there is not enough space at DMA_ZONE to
meet the request of DMA pool allocation.
The commit 2f77465b05b1 ("x86/efistub: Avoid placing the kernel below
LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR") tried to fix this problem by introducing lower
bound of allocation.
But the fix is not complete.
efi_random_alloc() allocates pages by following steps.
1. Count total available slots ('total_slots')
2. Select a slot ('target_slot') to allocate randomly
3. Calculate a starting address ('target') to be included target_slot
4. Allocate pages, which starting address is 'target'
In step 1, 'alloc_min' is used to offset the starting address of memory
chunk. But in step 3 'alloc_min' is not considered at all. As the
result, 'target' can be miscalculated and become lower than 'alloc_min'.
When KASLR is disabled, 'target_slot' is always 0 and the problem
happens everytime if the EFI memory map of the system meets the
condition.
Fix this problem by calculating 'target' considering 'alloc_min'.
Cc: linux-efi@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Tom Englund <tomenglund26@gmail.com>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: 2f77465b05b1 ("x86/efistub: Avoid placing the kernel below LOAD_PHYSICAL_ADDR")
Signed-off-by: Kazuma Kondo <kazuma-kondo@nec.com>
Signed-off-by: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
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Read from an unsafe address with copy_from_kernel_nofault() in
arch_adjust_kprobe_addr() because this function is used before checking
the address is in text or not. Syzcaller bot found a bug and reported
the case if user specifies inaccessible data area,
arch_adjust_kprobe_addr() will cause a kernel panic.
[ mingo: Clarified the comment. ]
Fixes: cc66bb914578 ("x86/ibt,kprobes: Cure sym+0 equals fentry woes")
Reported-by: Qiang Zhang <zzqq0103.hey@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Jinghao Jia <jinghao7@illinois.edu>
Signed-off-by: Masami Hiramatsu (Google) <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/171042945004.154897.2221804961882915806.stgit@devnote2
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Since:
7ee18d677989 ("x86/power: Make restore_processor_context() sane")
kmemleak reports this issue:
unreferenced object 0xf68241e0 (size 32):
comm "swapper/0", pid 1, jiffies 4294668610 (age 68.432s)
hex dump (first 32 bytes):
00 cc cc cc 29 10 01 c0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ....)...........
00 42 82 f6 cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc cc .B..............
backtrace:
[<461c1d50>] __kmem_cache_alloc_node+0x106/0x260
[<ea65e13b>] __kmalloc+0x54/0x160
[<c3858cd2>] msr_build_context.constprop.0+0x35/0x100
[<46635aff>] pm_check_save_msr+0x63/0x80
[<6b6bb938>] do_one_initcall+0x41/0x1f0
[<3f3add60>] kernel_init_freeable+0x199/0x1e8
[<3b538fde>] kernel_init+0x1a/0x110
[<938ae2b2>] ret_from_fork+0x1c/0x28
Which is a false positive.
Reproducer:
- Run rsync of whole kernel tree (multiple times if needed).
- start a kmemleak scan
- Note this is just an example: a lot of our internal tests hit these.
The root cause is similar to the fix in:
b0b592cf0836 x86/pm: Fix false positive kmemleak report in msr_build_context()
ie. the alignment within the packed struct saved_context
which has everything unaligned as there is only "u16 gs;" at start of
struct where in the past there were four u16 there thus aligning
everything afterwards. The issue is with the fact that Kmemleak only
searches for pointers that are aligned (see how pointers are scanned in
kmemleak.c) so when the struct members are not aligned it doesn't see
them.
Testing:
We run a lot of tests with our CI, and after applying this fix we do not
see any kmemleak issues any more whilst without it we see hundreds of
the above report. From a single, simple test run consisting of 416 individual test
cases on kernel 5.10 x86 with kmemleak enabled we got 20 failures due to this,
which is quite a lot. With this fix applied we get zero kmemleak related failures.
Fixes: 7ee18d677989 ("x86/power: Make restore_processor_context() sane")
Signed-off-by: Anton Altaparmakov <anton@tuxera.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: "Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240314142656.17699-1-anton@tuxera.com
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crashkernel reservation failed on a Thinkpad t440s laptop recently.
Actually the memblock reservation succeeded, but later insert_resource()
failed.
Test steps:
kexec load -> /* make sure add crashkernel param eg. crashkernel=160M */
kexec reboot ->
dmesg|grep "crashkernel reserved";
crashkernel memory range like below reserved successfully:
0x00000000d0000000 - 0x00000000da000000
But no such "Crash kernel" region in /proc/iomem
The background story:
Currently the E820 code reserves setup_data regions for both the current
kernel and the kexec kernel, and it inserts them into the resources list.
Before the kexec kernel reboots nobody passes the old setup_data, and
kexec only passes fresh SETUP_EFI/SETUP_IMA/SETUP_RNG_SEED if needed.
Thus the old setup data memory is not used at all.
Due to old kernel updates the kexec e820 table as well so kexec kernel
sees them as E820_TYPE_RESERVED_KERN regions, and later the old setup_data
regions are inserted into resources list in the kexec kernel by
e820__reserve_resources().
Note, due to no setup_data is passed in for those old regions they are not
early reserved (by function early_reserve_memory), and the crashkernel
memblock reservation will just treat them as usable memory and it could
reserve the crashkernel region which overlaps with the old setup_data
regions. And just like the bug I noticed here, kdump insert_resource
failed because e820__reserve_resources has added the overlapped chunks
in /proc/iomem already.
Finally, looking at the code, the old setup_data regions are not used
at all as no setup_data is passed in by the kexec boot loader. Although
something like SETUP_PCI etc could be needed, kexec should pass
the info as new setup_data so that kexec kernel can take care of them.
This should be taken care of in other separate patches if needed.
Thus drop the useless buggy code here.
Signed-off-by: Dave Young <dyoung@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Jiri Bohac <jbohac@suse.cz>
Cc: Eric DeVolder <eric.devolder@oracle.com>
Cc: Baoquan He <bhe@redhat.com>
Cc: Ard Biesheuvel <ardb@kernel.org>
Cc: Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org>
Cc: "Kirill A. Shutemov" <kirill.shutemov@linux.intel.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/Zf0T3HCG-790K-pZ@darkstar.users.ipa.redhat.com
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The tunable base_slice_ns is dependent on CONFIG_HZ (i.e. TICK_NSEC)
for any significant performance improvement. The reason being the
scheduler tick is not frequent enough to force preemption when
base_slice expires in case of:
base_slice_ns < TICK_NSEC
The below data is of stress-ng:
Number of CPU: 1
Stressor threads: 4
Time: 30sec
On CONFIG_HZ=1000
| base_slice | avg-run (msec) | context-switches |
| ---------- | -------------- | ---------------- |
| 3ms | 2.914 | 10342 |
| 6ms | 4.857 | 6196 |
| 9ms | 6.754 | 4482 |
| 12ms | 7.872 | 3802 |
| 22ms | 11.294 | 2710 |
| 32ms | 13.425 | 2284 |
On CONFIG_HZ=100
| base_slice | avg-run (msec) | context-switches |
| ---------- | -------------- | ---------------- |
| 3ms | 9.144 | 3337 |
| 6ms | 9.113 | 3301 |
| 9ms | 8.991 | 3315 |
| 12ms | 12.935 | 2328 |
| 22ms | 16.031 | 1915 |
| 32ms | 18.608 | 1622 |
base_slice: the value of base_slice in ms
avg-run (msec): average time of the stressor threads got on cpu before
it got preempted
context-switches: number of context switches for the stress-ng process
Signed-off-by: Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya <mchauras@linux.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org>
Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240320173815.927637-2-mchauras@linux.ibm.com
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Per filesystems/sysfs.rst, show() should only use sysfs_emit()
or sysfs_emit_at() when formatting the value to be returned to user space.
coccinelle complains that there are still a couple of functions that use
snprintf(). Convert them to sysfs_emit().
CC: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
CC: linux-omap@vger.kernel.org
CC: linux-fbdev@vger.kernel.org
CC: dri-devel@lists.freedesktop.org
Signed-off-by: Li Zhijian <lizhijian@fujitsu.com>
Signed-off-by: Helge Deller <deller@gmx.de>
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We can simply use invalidate_rkey to check instead of adding a flag.
Signed-off-by: Guixin Liu <kanie@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
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Remove redundant BUILD_BUG_ON check of struct nvme_dsm_range, it's
already checked in nvme_init_ctrl().
Signed-off-by: Guixin Liu <kanie@linux.alibaba.com>
Reviewed-by: Chaitanya Kulkarni <kch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Sagi Grimberg <sagi@grimberg.me>
Signed-off-by: Keith Busch <kbusch@kernel.org>
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It is possible to set up dm-integrity with smaller sector size than
the logical sector size of the underlying device. In this situation,
dm-integrity guarantees that the outgoing bios have the same alignment as
incoming bios (so, if you create a filesystem with 4k block size,
dm-integrity would send 4k-aligned bios to the underlying device).
This guarantee was broken when integrity_recheck was implemented.
integrity_recheck sends bio that is aligned to ic->sectors_per_block. So
if we set up integrity with 512-byte sector size on a device with logical
block size 4k, we would be sending unaligned bio. This triggered a bug in
one of our internal tests.
This commit fixes it by determining the actual alignment of the
incoming bio and then makes sure that the outgoing bio in
integrity_recheck has the same alignment.
Fixes: c88f5e553fe3 ("dm-integrity: recheck the integrity tag after a failure")
Signed-off-by: Mikulas Patocka <mpatocka@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Mike Snitzer <snitzer@kernel.org>
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In the case of firewire core function, the caller of show functions for
device attributes is not only sysfs user, but also device initialization.
This commit adds memo about it against the typical assumption that the
functions are just dedicated to sysfs user.
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20240318091759.678326-1-o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp/
Signed-off-by: Takashi Sakamoto <o-takashi@sakamocchi.jp>
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The tests send 100 pings in 0.1 second intervals and force a timeout of
11 seconds, which is borderline (especially on debug kernels), resulting
in random failures in netdev CI [1].
Fix by increasing the timeout to 20 seconds. It should not prolong the
test unless something is wrong, in which case the test will rightfully
fail.
[1]
# selftests: net/forwarding: vxlan_bridge_1d_port_8472_ipv6.sh
# INFO: Running tests with UDP port 8472
# TEST: ping: local->local [ OK ]
# TEST: ping: local->remote 1 [FAIL]
# Ping failed
[...]
Fixes: b07e9957f220 ("selftests: forwarding: Add VxLAN tests with a VLAN-unaware bridge for IPv6")
Fixes: 728b35259e28 ("selftests: forwarding: Add VxLAN tests with a VLAN-aware bridge for IPv6")
Reported-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/netdev/24a7051fdcd1f156c3704bca39e4b3c41dfc7c4b.camel@redhat.com/
Signed-off-by: Ido Schimmel <idosch@nvidia.com>
Reviewed-by: Hangbin Liu <liuhangbin@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jiri Pirko <jiri@nvidia.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240320065717.4145325-1-idosch@nvidia.com
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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The TX buffer in spi_transfer can be a NULL pointer, so the interrupt
handler may end up writing to the invalid memory and cause crashes.
Add a check to trans->tx_buf before using it.
Fixes: 1ce24864bff4 ("spi: mediatek: Only do dma for 4-byte aligned buffers")
Signed-off-by: Fei Shao <fshao@chromium.org>
Reviewed-by: AngeloGioacchino Del Regno <angelogioacchino.delregno@collabora.com>
Link: https://msgid.link/r/20240321070942.1587146-2-fshao@chromium.org
Signed-off-by: Mark Brown <broonie@kernel.org>
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I do not feel that I'm up to the task anymore.
I hope this to be a temporary emergeny measure, but for now I'm sure this
is the best course of action for me.
Signed-off-by: Florian Westphal <fw@strlen.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240319121223.24474-1-fw@strlen.de
Signed-off-by: Paolo Abeni <pabeni@redhat.com>
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Enforce internal linkage for setup_hd64461().
This fixes the following error:
arch/sh/cchips/hd6446x/hd64461.c:75:12: error: no previous prototype for 'setup_hd64461' [-Werror=missing-prototypes]
Signed-off-by: Artur Rojek <contact@artur-rojek.eu>
Reviewed-by: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20240211193451.106795-1-contact@artur-rojek.eu
Signed-off-by: John Paul Adrian Glaubitz <glaubitz@physik.fu-berlin.de>
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If nft_netdev_register_hooks() fails, the memory associated with
nft_stats is not freed, causing a memory leak.
This patch fixes it by moving nft_stats_alloc() down after
nft_netdev_register_hooks() succeeds.
Fixes: b9703ed44ffb ("netfilter: nf_tables: support for adding new devices to an existing netdev chain")
Signed-off-by: Quan Tian <tianquan23@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@netfilter.org>
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John Hubbard
Xiu Jianfeng
Waiman Long
Jesper Dangaard Brouer
Michal Koutný
I Hsin Cheng
Tianchen Ding
Linus Torvalds
Oleksandr Tymoshenko
Ard Biesheuvel
Tom Lendacky
Tony Luck
Adamos Ttofari
Thomas Gleixner
Nathan Chancellor
Kees Cook
KONDO KAZUMA(近藤 和真)
Masami Hiramatsu (Google)
Anton Altaparmakov
Dave Young
Mukesh Kumar Chaurasiya
Li Zhijian
Guixin Liu
Mikulas Patocka
Takashi Sakamoto
Ido Schimmel
Fei Shao
Florian Westphal
Artur Rojek
Quan Tian