From e1b832503e8f29ea6e20c30db9c3176576c0fc78 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Vincenzo Frascino Date: Wed, 21 Aug 2019 17:47:29 +0100 Subject: arm64: Define Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst On AArch64 the TCR_EL1.TBI0 bit is set by default, allowing userspace (EL0) to perform memory accesses through 64-bit pointers with a non-zero top byte. Introduce the document describing the relaxation of the syscall ABI that allows userspace to pass certain tagged pointers to kernel syscalls. Cc: Will Deacon Cc: Szabolcs Nagy Acked-by: Kevin Brodsky Acked-by: Andrey Konovalov Signed-off-by: Vincenzo Frascino Co-developed-by: Catalin Marinas Signed-off-by: Catalin Marinas Signed-off-by: Will Deacon --- Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst | 156 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 156 insertions(+) create mode 100644 Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst (limited to 'Documentation/arm64') diff --git a/Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst b/Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000000..d4a85d535bf9 --- /dev/null +++ b/Documentation/arm64/tagged-address-abi.rst @@ -0,0 +1,156 @@ +========================== +AArch64 TAGGED ADDRESS ABI +========================== + +Authors: Vincenzo Frascino + Catalin Marinas + +Date: 21 August 2019 + +This document describes the usage and semantics of the Tagged Address +ABI on AArch64 Linux. + +1. Introduction +--------------- + +On AArch64 the ``TCR_EL1.TBI0`` bit is set by default, allowing +userspace (EL0) to perform memory accesses through 64-bit pointers with +a non-zero top byte. This document describes the relaxation of the +syscall ABI that allows userspace to pass certain tagged pointers to +kernel syscalls. + +2. AArch64 Tagged Address ABI +----------------------------- + +From the kernel syscall interface perspective and for the purposes of +this document, a "valid tagged pointer" is a pointer with a potentially +non-zero top-byte that references an address in the user process address +space obtained in one of the following ways: + +- ``mmap()`` syscall where either: + + - flags have the ``MAP_ANONYMOUS`` bit set or + - the file descriptor refers to a regular file (including those + returned by ``memfd_create()``) or ``/dev/zero`` + +- ``brk()`` syscall (i.e. the heap area between the initial location of + the program break at process creation and its current location). + +- any memory mapped by the kernel in the address space of the process + during creation and with the same restrictions as for ``mmap()`` above + (e.g. data, bss, stack). + +The AArch64 Tagged Address ABI has two stages of relaxation depending +how the user addresses are used by the kernel: + +1. User addresses not accessed by the kernel but used for address space + management (e.g. ``mmap()``, ``mprotect()``, ``madvise()``). The use + of valid tagged pointers in this context is always allowed. + +2. User addresses accessed by the kernel (e.g. ``write()``). This ABI + relaxation is disabled by default and the application thread needs to + explicitly enable it via ``prctl()`` as follows: + + - ``PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL``: enable or disable the AArch64 Tagged + Address ABI for the calling thread. + + The ``(unsigned int) arg2`` argument is a bit mask describing the + control mode used: + + - ``PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE``: enable AArch64 Tagged Address ABI. + Default status is disabled. + + Arguments ``arg3``, ``arg4``, and ``arg5`` must be 0. + + - ``PR_GET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL``: get the status of the AArch64 Tagged + Address ABI for the calling thread. + + Arguments ``arg2``, ``arg3``, ``arg4``, and ``arg5`` must be 0. + + The ABI properties described above are thread-scoped, inherited on + clone() and fork() and cleared on exec(). + + Calling ``prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE, 0, 0, 0)`` + returns ``-EINVAL`` if the AArch64 Tagged Address ABI is globally + disabled by ``sysctl abi.tagged_addr_disabled=1``. The default + ``sysctl abi.tagged_addr_disabled`` configuration is 0. + +When the AArch64 Tagged Address ABI is enabled for a thread, the +following behaviours are guaranteed: + +- All syscalls except the cases mentioned in section 3 can accept any + valid tagged pointer. + +- The syscall behaviour is undefined for invalid tagged pointers: it may + result in an error code being returned, a (fatal) signal being raised, + or other modes of failure. + +- The syscall behaviour for a valid tagged pointer is the same as for + the corresponding untagged pointer. + + +A definition of the meaning of tagged pointers on AArch64 can be found +in Documentation/arm64/tagged-pointers.rst. + +3. AArch64 Tagged Address ABI Exceptions +----------------------------------------- + +The following system call parameters must be untagged regardless of the +ABI relaxation: + +- ``prctl()`` other than pointers to user data either passed directly or + indirectly as arguments to be accessed by the kernel. + +- ``ioctl()`` other than pointers to user data either passed directly or + indirectly as arguments to be accessed by the kernel. + +- ``shmat()`` and ``shmdt()``. + +Any attempt to use non-zero tagged pointers may result in an error code +being returned, a (fatal) signal being raised, or other modes of +failure. + +4. Example of correct usage +--------------------------- +.. code-block:: c + + #include + #include + #include + #include + #include + + #define PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL 55 + #define PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE (1UL << 0) + + #define TAG_SHIFT 56 + + int main(void) + { + int tbi_enabled = 0; + unsigned long tag = 0; + char *ptr; + + /* check/enable the tagged address ABI */ + if (!prctl(PR_SET_TAGGED_ADDR_CTRL, PR_TAGGED_ADDR_ENABLE, 0, 0, 0)) + tbi_enabled = 1; + + /* memory allocation */ + ptr = mmap(NULL, sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE), PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, + MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); + if (ptr == MAP_FAILED) + return 1; + + /* set a non-zero tag if the ABI is available */ + if (tbi_enabled) + tag = rand() & 0xff; + ptr = (char *)((unsigned long)ptr | (tag << TAG_SHIFT)); + + /* memory access to a tagged address */ + strcpy(ptr, "tagged pointer\n"); + + /* syscall with a tagged pointer */ + write(1, ptr, strlen(ptr)); + + return 0; + } -- cgit v1.2.3-59-g8ed1b