path: root/src/per_curve/decaf.tmpl.c

/** @brief Decaf high-level functions. */

#define _XOPEN_SOURCE 600 /* for posix_memalign */
#include "word.h"
#include "field.h"

#include <decaf.h>
#include <decaf/ed$(gf_bits).h>

/* MSVC has no builtint ctz, this is a fix as in
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/355967/how-to-use-msvc-intrinsics-to-get-the-equivalent-of-this-gcc-code/5468852#5468852
*/
#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>

uint32_t __inline ctz(uint32_t value)
{
    DWORD trailing_zero = 0;
    if ( _BitScanForward( &trailing_zero, value ) )
        return trailing_zero;
    else
        return 32;  // This is undefined, I better choose 32 than 0
}
#define __builtin_ctz(x) ctz(x)
#endif

/* Template stuff */
#define API_NS(_id) $(c_ns)_##_id
#define SCALAR_BITS $(C_NS)_SCALAR_BITS
#define SCALAR_SER_BYTES $(C_NS)_SCALAR_BYTES
#define SCALAR_LIMBS $(C_NS)_SCALAR_LIMBS
#define scalar_t API_NS(scalar_t)
#define point_t API_NS(point_t)
#define precomputed_s API_NS(precomputed_s)
#define IMAGINE_TWIST $(imagine_twist)
#define COFACTOR $(cofactor)

/* Comb config: number of combs, n, t, s. */
#define COMBS_N $(combs.n)
#define COMBS_T $(combs.t)
#define COMBS_S $(combs.s)
#define DECAF_WINDOW_BITS $(window_bits)
#define DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS $(wnaf.fixed)
#define DECAF_WNAF_VAR_TABLE_BITS $(wnaf.var)

#define EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY $(eddsa_sigma_iso)

static const int EDWARDS_D = $(d);
static const scalar_t point_scalarmul_adjustment = {{{
    $(ser((2**(scalar_bits-1+window_bits - ((scalar_bits-1)%window_bits)) - 1) % q,64,"SC_LIMB"))
}}}, precomputed_scalarmul_adjustment = {{{
    $(ser((2**(combs.n*combs.t*combs.s) - 1) % q,64,"SC_LIMB"))
}}};

const uint8_t decaf_x$(gf_shortname)_base_point[DECAF_X$(gf_shortname)_PUBLIC_BYTES] = { $(ser(mont_base,8)) };

#define RISTRETTO_FACTOR $(C_NS)_RISTRETTO_FACTOR
const gf RISTRETTO_FACTOR = {FIELD_LITERAL(
    $(ser(msqrt(d-1 if imagine_twist else -d,modulus,hi_bit_clear=True),gf_lit_limb_bits))
)};

#if IMAGINE_TWIST
#define TWISTED_D (-(EDWARDS_D))
#else
#define TWISTED_D ((EDWARDS_D)-1)
#endif

#if TWISTED_D < 0
#define EFF_D (-(TWISTED_D))
#define NEG_D 1
#else
#define EFF_D TWISTED_D
#define NEG_D 0
#endif

/* End of template stuff */

/* Sanity */
#if (COFACTOR == 8) && !IMAGINE_TWIST && !UNSAFE_CURVE_HAS_POINTS_AT_INFINITY
/* FUTURE MAGIC: Curve41417 doesn't have these properties. */
#error "Currently require IMAGINE_TWIST (and thus p=5 mod 8) for cofactor 8"
        /* OK, but why?
         * Two reasons: #1: There are bugs when COFACTOR == && IMAGINE_TWIST
         # #2: 
         */
#endif

#if IMAGINE_TWIST && (P_MOD_8 != 5)
    #error "Cannot use IMAGINE_TWIST except for p == 5 mod 8"
#endif

#if (COFACTOR != 8) && (COFACTOR != 4)
    #error "COFACTOR must be 4 or 8"
#endif
 
#if IMAGINE_TWIST
    extern const gf SQRT_MINUS_ONE;
#endif

#define WBITS DECAF_WORD_BITS /* NB this may be different from ARCH_WORD_BITS */

extern const point_t API_NS(point_base);

/* Projective Niels coordinates */
typedef struct { gf a, b, c; } niels_s, niels_t[1];
typedef struct { niels_t n; gf z; } VECTOR_ALIGNED pniels_s, pniels_t[1];

/* Precomputed base */
struct precomputed_s { niels_t table [COMBS_N<<(COMBS_T-1)]; };

extern const gf API_NS(precomputed_base_as_fe)[];
const precomputed_s *API_NS(precomputed_base) =
    (const precomputed_s *) &API_NS(precomputed_base_as_fe);

const size_t API_NS(sizeof_precomputed_s) = sizeof(precomputed_s);
const size_t API_NS(alignof_precomputed_s) = sizeof(big_register_t);

/** Inverse. */
static void
gf_invert(gf y, const gf x, int assert_nonzero) {
    gf t1, t2;
    gf_sqr(t1, x); // o^2
    mask_t ret = gf_isr(t2, t1); // +-1/sqrt(o^2) = +-1/o
    (void)ret;
    if (assert_nonzero) assert(ret);
    gf_sqr(t1, t2);
    gf_mul(t2, t1, x); // not direct to y in case of alias.
    gf_copy(y, t2);
}

/** identity = (0,1) */
const point_t API_NS(point_identity) = {{{{{0}}},{{{1}}},{{{1}}},{{{0}}}}};

/* Predeclare because not static: called by elligator */
void API_NS(deisogenize) (
    gf_s *__restrict__ s,
    gf_s *__restrict__ inv_el_sum,
    gf_s *__restrict__ inv_el_m1,
    const point_t p,
    mask_t toggle_s,
    mask_t toggle_altx,
    mask_t toggle_rotation
);

void API_NS(deisogenize) (
    gf_s *__restrict__ s,
    gf_s *__restrict__ inv_el_sum,
    gf_s *__restrict__ inv_el_m1,
    const point_t p,
    mask_t toggle_s,
    mask_t toggle_altx,
    mask_t toggle_rotation
) {
#if COFACTOR == 4 && !IMAGINE_TWIST
    (void)toggle_rotation; /* Only applies to cofactor 8 */
    gf t1;
    gf_s *t2 = s, *t3=inv_el_sum, *t4=inv_el_m1;
    
    gf_add(t1,p->x,p->t);
    gf_sub(t2,p->x,p->t);
    gf_mul(t3,t1,t2); /* t3 = num */
    gf_sqr(t2,p->x);
    gf_mul(t1,t2,t3);
    gf_mulw(t2,t1,-1-TWISTED_D); /* -x^2 * (a-d) * num */
    gf_isr(t1,t2);    /* t1 = isr */
    gf_mul(t2,t1,t3); /* t2 = ratio */
    gf_mul(t4,t2,RISTRETTO_FACTOR);
    mask_t negx = gf_lobit(t4) ^ toggle_altx;
    gf_cond_neg(t2, negx);
    gf_mul(t3,t2,p->z);
    gf_sub(t3,t3,p->t);
    gf_mul(t2,t3,p->x);
    gf_mulw(t4,t2,-1-TWISTED_D);
    gf_mul(s,t4,t1);
    mask_t lobs = gf_lobit(s);
    gf_cond_neg(s,lobs);
    gf_copy(inv_el_m1,p->x);
    gf_cond_neg(inv_el_m1,~lobs^negx^toggle_s);
    gf_add(inv_el_m1,inv_el_m1,p->t);
    
#elif COFACTOR == 8 && IMAGINE_TWIST
    /* More complicated because of rotation */
    gf t1,t2,t3,t4,t5;
    gf_add(t1,p->z,p->y);
    gf_sub(t2,p->z,p->y);
    gf_mul(t3,t1,t2);      /* t3 = num */
    gf_mul(t2,p->x,p->y);  /* t2 = den */
    gf_sqr(t1,t2);
    gf_mul(t4,t1,t3);
    gf_mulw(t1,t4,-1-TWISTED_D);
    gf_isr(t4,t1);         /* isqrt(num*(a-d)*den^2) */
    gf_mul(t1,t2,t4);
    gf_mul(t2,t1,RISTRETTO_FACTOR); /* t2 = "iden" in ristretto.sage */
    gf_mul(t1,t3,t4);                 /* t1 = "inum" in ristretto.sage */

    /* Calculate altxy = iden*inum*i*t^2*(d-a) */
    gf_mul(t3,t1,t2);
    gf_mul_i(t4,t3);
    gf_mul(t3,t4,p->t);
    gf_mul(t4,t3,p->t);
    gf_mulw(t3,t4,TWISTED_D+1);      /* iden*inum*i*t^2*(d-1) */
    mask_t rotate = toggle_rotation ^ gf_lobit(t3);
    
    /* Rotate if altxy is negative */
    gf_cond_swap(t1,t2,rotate);
    gf_mul_i(t4,p->x);
    gf_cond_sel(t4,p->y,t4,rotate);  /* t4 = "fac" = ix if rotate, else y */
    
    gf_mul_i(t5,RISTRETTO_FACTOR); /* t5 = imi */
    gf_mul(t3,t5,t2);                /* iden * imi */
    gf_mul(t2,t5,t1);
    gf_mul(t5,t2,p->t);              /* "altx" = iden*imi*t */
    mask_t negx = gf_lobit(t5) ^ toggle_altx;
    
    gf_cond_neg(t1,negx^rotate);
    gf_mul(t2,t1,p->z);
    gf_add(t2,t2,ONE);
    gf_mul(inv_el_sum,t2,t4);
    gf_mul(s,inv_el_sum,t3);
    
    mask_t negs = gf_lobit(s);
    gf_cond_neg(s,negs);
    
    mask_t negz = ~negs ^ toggle_s ^ negx;
    gf_copy(inv_el_m1,p->z);
    gf_cond_neg(inv_el_m1,negz);
    gf_sub(inv_el_m1,inv_el_m1,t4);
#else
#error "Cofactor must be 4 (with no IMAGINE_TWIST) or 8 (with IMAGINE_TWIST)"
#endif
}

void API_NS(point_encode)( unsigned char ser[SER_BYTES], const point_t p ) {
    gf s,ie1,ie2;
    API_NS(deisogenize)(s,ie1,ie2,p,0,0,0);
    gf_serialize(ser,s);
}

decaf_error_t API_NS(point_decode) (
    point_t p,
    const unsigned char ser[SER_BYTES],
    decaf_bool_t allow_identity
) {
    gf s, s2, num, tmp;
    gf_s *tmp2=s2, *ynum=p->z, *isr=p->x, *den=p->t;
    
    mask_t succ = gf_deserialize(s, ser, 0);
    succ &= bool_to_mask(allow_identity) | ~gf_eq(s, ZERO);
    succ &= ~gf_lobit(s);
    
    gf_sqr(s2,s);                  /* s^2 = -as^2 */
#if IMAGINE_TWIST
    gf_sub(s2,ZERO,s2);            /* -as^2 */
#endif
    gf_sub(den,ONE,s2);            /* 1+as^2 */
    gf_add(ynum,ONE,s2);           /* 1-as^2 */
    gf_mulw(num,s2,-4*TWISTED_D);
    gf_sqr(tmp,den);               /* tmp = den^2 */
    gf_add(num,tmp,num);           /* num = den^2 - 4*d*s^2 */
    gf_mul(tmp2,num,tmp);          /* tmp2 = num*den^2 */
    succ &= gf_isr(isr,tmp2);      /* isr = 1/sqrt(num*den^2) */
    gf_mul(tmp,isr,den);           /* isr*den */
    gf_mul(p->y,tmp,ynum);         /* isr*den*(1-as^2) */
    gf_mul(tmp2,tmp,s);            /* s*isr*den */
    gf_add(tmp2,tmp2,tmp2);        /* 2*s*isr*den */
    gf_mul(tmp,tmp2,isr);          /* 2*s*isr^2*den */
    gf_mul(p->x,tmp,num);          /* 2*s*isr^2*den*num */
    gf_mul(tmp,tmp2,RISTRETTO_FACTOR); /* 2*s*isr*den*magic */
    gf_cond_neg(p->x,gf_lobit(tmp)); /* flip x */
    
#if COFACTOR==8
    /* Additionally check y != 0 and x*y*isomagic nonegative */
    succ &= ~gf_eq(p->y,ZERO);
    gf_mul(tmp,p->x,p->y);
    gf_mul(tmp2,tmp,RISTRETTO_FACTOR);
    succ &= ~gf_lobit(tmp2);
#endif

#if IMAGINE_TWIST
    gf_copy(tmp,p->x);
    gf_mul_i(p->x,tmp);
#endif

    /* Fill in z and t */
    gf_copy(p->z,ONE);
    gf_mul(p->t,p->x,p->y);
    
    assert(API_NS(point_valid)(p) | ~succ);
    return decaf_succeed_if(mask_to_bool(succ));
}

void API_NS(point_sub) (
    point_t p,
    const point_t q,
    const point_t r
) {
    gf a, b, c, d;
    gf_sub_nr ( b, q->y, q->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( d, r->y, r->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_add_nr ( c, r->y, r->x ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( a, c, b );
    gf_add_nr ( b, q->y, q->x ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( p->y, d, b );
    gf_mul ( b, r->t, q->t );
    gf_mulw ( p->x, b, 2*EFF_D );
    gf_add_nr ( b, a, p->y );    /* 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( c, p->y, a );    /* 3+e */
    gf_mul ( a, q->z, r->z );
    gf_add_nr ( a, a, a );       /* 2+e */
    if (GF_HEADROOM <= 3) gf_weak_reduce(a); /* or 1+e */
#if NEG_D
    gf_sub_nr ( p->y, a, p->x ); /* 4+e or 3+e */
    gf_add_nr ( a, a, p->x );    /* 3+e or 2+e */
#else
    gf_add_nr ( p->y, a, p->x ); /* 3+e or 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( a, a, p->x );    /* 4+e or 3+e */
#endif
    gf_mul ( p->z, a, p->y );
    gf_mul ( p->x, p->y, c );
    gf_mul ( p->y, a, b );
    gf_mul ( p->t, b, c );
}
    
void API_NS(point_add) (
    point_t p,
    const point_t q,
    const point_t r
) {
    gf a, b, c, d;
    gf_sub_nr ( b, q->y, q->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( c, r->y, r->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_add_nr ( d, r->y, r->x ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( a, c, b );
    gf_add_nr ( b, q->y, q->x ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( p->y, d, b );
    gf_mul ( b, r->t, q->t );
    gf_mulw ( p->x, b, 2*EFF_D );
    gf_add_nr ( b, a, p->y );    /* 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( c, p->y, a );    /* 3+e */
    gf_mul ( a, q->z, r->z );
    gf_add_nr ( a, a, a );       /* 2+e */
    if (GF_HEADROOM <= 3) gf_weak_reduce(a); /* or 1+e */
#if NEG_D
    gf_add_nr ( p->y, a, p->x ); /* 3+e or 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( a, a, p->x );    /* 4+e or 3+e */
#else
    gf_sub_nr ( p->y, a, p->x ); /* 4+e or 3+e */
    gf_add_nr ( a, a, p->x );    /* 3+e or 2+e */
#endif
    gf_mul ( p->z, a, p->y );
    gf_mul ( p->x, p->y, c );
    gf_mul ( p->y, a, b );
    gf_mul ( p->t, b, c );
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void
point_double_internal (
    point_t p,
    const point_t q,
    int before_double
) {
    gf a, b, c, d;
    gf_sqr ( c, q->x );
    gf_sqr ( a, q->y );
    gf_add_nr ( d, c, a );             /* 2+e */
    gf_add_nr ( p->t, q->y, q->x );    /* 2+e */
    gf_sqr ( b, p->t );
    gf_subx_nr ( b, b, d, 3 );         /* 4+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( p->t, a, c );          /* 3+e */
    gf_sqr ( p->x, q->z );
    gf_add_nr ( p->z, p->x, p->x );    /* 2+e */
    gf_subx_nr ( a, p->z, p->t, 4 );   /* 6+e */
    if (GF_HEADROOM == 5) gf_weak_reduce(a); /* or 1+e */
    gf_mul ( p->x, a, b );
    gf_mul ( p->z, p->t, a );
    gf_mul ( p->y, p->t, d );
    if (!before_double) gf_mul ( p->t, b, d );
}

void API_NS(point_double)(point_t p, const point_t q) {
    point_double_internal(p,q,0);
}

void API_NS(point_negate) (
   point_t nega,
   const point_t a
) {
    gf_sub(nega->x, ZERO, a->x);
    gf_copy(nega->y, a->y);
    gf_copy(nega->z, a->z);
    gf_sub(nega->t, ZERO, a->t);
}

/* Operations on [p]niels */
static DECAF_INLINE void
cond_neg_niels (
    niels_t n,
    mask_t neg
) {
    gf_cond_swap(n->a, n->b, neg);
    gf_cond_neg(n->c, neg);
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void pt_to_pniels (
    pniels_t b,
    const point_t a
) {
    gf_sub ( b->n->a, a->y, a->x );
    gf_add ( b->n->b, a->x, a->y );
    gf_mulw ( b->n->c, a->t, 2*TWISTED_D );
    gf_add ( b->z, a->z, a->z );
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void pniels_to_pt (
    point_t e,
    const pniels_t d
) {
    gf eu;
    gf_add ( eu, d->n->b, d->n->a );
    gf_sub ( e->y, d->n->b, d->n->a );
    gf_mul ( e->t, e->y, eu);
    gf_mul ( e->x, d->z, e->y );
    gf_mul ( e->y, d->z, eu );
    gf_sqr ( e->z, d->z );
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void
niels_to_pt (
    point_t e,
    const niels_t n
) {
    gf_add ( e->y, n->b, n->a );
    gf_sub ( e->x, n->b, n->a );
    gf_mul ( e->t, e->y, e->x );
    gf_copy ( e->z, ONE );
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void
add_niels_to_pt (
    point_t d,
    const niels_t e,
    int before_double
) {
    gf a, b, c;
    gf_sub_nr ( b, d->y, d->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_mul ( a, e->a, b );
    gf_add_nr ( b, d->x, d->y ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( d->y, e->b, b );
    gf_mul ( d->x, e->c, d->t );
    gf_add_nr ( c, a, d->y );    /* 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( b, d->y, a );    /* 3+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( d->y, d->z, d->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_add_nr ( a, d->x, d->z ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( d->z, a, d->y );
    gf_mul ( d->x, d->y, b );
    gf_mul ( d->y, a, c );
    if (!before_double) gf_mul ( d->t, b, c );
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void
sub_niels_from_pt (
    point_t d,
    const niels_t e,
    int before_double
) {
    gf a, b, c;
    gf_sub_nr ( b, d->y, d->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_mul ( a, e->b, b );
    gf_add_nr ( b, d->x, d->y ); /* 2+e */
    gf_mul ( d->y, e->a, b );
    gf_mul ( d->x, e->c, d->t );
    gf_add_nr ( c, a, d->y );    /* 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( b, d->y, a );    /* 3+e */
    gf_add_nr ( d->y, d->z, d->x ); /* 2+e */
    gf_sub_nr ( a, d->z, d->x ); /* 3+e */
    gf_mul ( d->z, a, d->y );
    gf_mul ( d->x, d->y, b );
    gf_mul ( d->y, a, c );
    if (!before_double) gf_mul ( d->t, b, c );
}

static void
add_pniels_to_pt (
    point_t p,
    const pniels_t pn,
    int before_double
) {
    gf L0;
    gf_mul ( L0, p->z, pn->z );
    gf_copy ( p->z, L0 );
    add_niels_to_pt( p, pn->n, before_double );
}

static void
sub_pniels_from_pt (
    point_t p,
    const pniels_t pn,
    int before_double
) {
    gf L0;
    gf_mul ( L0, p->z, pn->z );
    gf_copy ( p->z, L0 );
    sub_niels_from_pt( p, pn->n, before_double );
}

static DECAF_NOINLINE void
prepare_fixed_window(
    pniels_t *multiples,
    const point_t b,
    int ntable
) {
    point_t tmp;
    pniels_t pn;
    int i;
    
    point_double_internal(tmp, b, 0);
    pt_to_pniels(pn, tmp);
    pt_to_pniels(multiples[0], b);
    API_NS(point_copy)(tmp, b);
    for (i=1; i<ntable; i++) {
        add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn, 0);
        pt_to_pniels(multiples[i], tmp);
    }
    
    decaf_bzero(pn,sizeof(pn));
    decaf_bzero(tmp,sizeof(tmp));
}

void API_NS(point_scalarmul) (
    point_t a,
    const point_t b,
    const scalar_t scalar
) {

    const int WINDOW = DECAF_WINDOW_BITS,
        WINDOW_MASK = (1<<WINDOW)-1,
        WINDOW_T_MASK = WINDOW_MASK >> 1,
        NTABLE = 1<<(WINDOW-1);
        
    scalar_t scalar1x;
    API_NS(scalar_add)(scalar1x, scalar, point_scalarmul_adjustment);
    API_NS(scalar_halve)(scalar1x,scalar1x);
    
    /* Set up a precomputed table with odd multiples of b. */
    pniels_t pn, multiples[1<<((int)(DECAF_WINDOW_BITS)-1)];  // == NTABLE (MSVC compatibility issue)
    point_t tmp;
    prepare_fixed_window(multiples, b, NTABLE);

    /* Initialize. */
    int i,j,first=1;
    i = SCALAR_BITS - ((SCALAR_BITS-1) % WINDOW) - 1;

    for (; i>=0; i-=WINDOW) {
        /* Fetch another block of bits */
        word_t bits = scalar1x->limb[i/WBITS] >> (i%WBITS);
        if (i%WBITS >= WBITS-WINDOW && i/WBITS<SCALAR_LIMBS-1) {
            bits ^= scalar1x->limb[i/WBITS+1] << (WBITS - (i%WBITS));
        }
        bits &= WINDOW_MASK;
        mask_t inv = (bits>>(WINDOW-1))-1;
        bits ^= inv;
    
        /* Add in from table.  Compute t only on last iteration. */
        constant_time_lookup(pn, multiples, sizeof(pn), NTABLE, bits & WINDOW_T_MASK);
        cond_neg_niels(pn->n, inv);
        if (first) {
            pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn);
            first = 0;
        } else {
           /* Using Hisil et al's lookahead method instead of extensible here
            * for no particular reason.  Double WINDOW times, but only compute t on
            * the last one.
            */
            for (j=0; j<WINDOW-1; j++)
                point_double_internal(tmp, tmp, -1);
            point_double_internal(tmp, tmp, 0);
            add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn, i ? -1 : 0);
        }
    }
    
    /* Write out the answer */
    API_NS(point_copy)(a,tmp);
    
    decaf_bzero(scalar1x,sizeof(scalar1x));
    decaf_bzero(pn,sizeof(pn));
    decaf_bzero(multiples,sizeof(multiples));
    decaf_bzero(tmp,sizeof(tmp));
}

void API_NS(point_double_scalarmul) (
    point_t a,
    const point_t b,
    const scalar_t scalarb,
    const point_t c,
    const scalar_t scalarc
) {    
    
    const int WINDOW = DECAF_WINDOW_BITS,
        WINDOW_MASK = (1<<WINDOW)-1,
        WINDOW_T_MASK = WINDOW_MASK >> 1,
        NTABLE = 1<<(WINDOW-1);

    scalar_t scalar1x, scalar2x;
    API_NS(scalar_add)(scalar1x, scalarb, point_scalarmul_adjustment);
    API_NS(scalar_halve)(scalar1x,scalar1x);
    API_NS(scalar_add)(scalar2x, scalarc, point_scalarmul_adjustment);
    API_NS(scalar_halve)(scalar2x,scalar2x);
    
    /* Set up a precomputed table with odd multiples of b. */
    pniels_t pn, multiples1[1<<((int)(DECAF_WINDOW_BITS)-1)], multiples2[1<<((int)(DECAF_WINDOW_BITS)-1)];
    // Array size above equal NTABLE (MSVC compatibility issue)
    point_t tmp;
    prepare_fixed_window(multiples1, b, NTABLE);  
    prepare_fixed_window(multiples2, c, NTABLE);

    /* Initialize. */
    int i,j,first=1;
    i = SCALAR_BITS - ((SCALAR_BITS-1) % WINDOW) - 1;

    for (; i>=0; i-=WINDOW) {
        /* Fetch another block of bits */
        word_t bits1 = scalar1x->limb[i/WBITS] >> (i%WBITS),
                     bits2 = scalar2x->limb[i/WBITS] >> (i%WBITS);
        if (i%WBITS >= WBITS-WINDOW && i/WBITS<SCALAR_LIMBS-1) {
            bits1 ^= scalar1x->limb[i/WBITS+1] << (WBITS - (i%WBITS));
            bits2 ^= scalar2x->limb[i/WBITS+1] << (WBITS - (i%WBITS));
        }
        bits1 &= WINDOW_MASK;
        bits2 &= WINDOW_MASK;
        mask_t inv1 = (bits1>>(WINDOW-1))-1;
        mask_t inv2 = (bits2>>(WINDOW-1))-1;
        bits1 ^= inv1;
        bits2 ^= inv2;
    
        /* Add in from table.  Compute t only on last iteration. */
        constant_time_lookup(pn, multiples1, sizeof(pn), NTABLE, bits1 & WINDOW_T_MASK);
        cond_neg_niels(pn->n, inv1);
        if (first) {
            pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn);
            first = 0;
        } else {
           /* Using Hisil et al's lookahead method instead of extensible here
            * for no particular reason.  Double WINDOW times, but only compute t on
            * the last one.
            */
            for (j=0; j<WINDOW-1; j++)
                point_double_internal(tmp, tmp, -1);
            point_double_internal(tmp, tmp, 0);
            add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn, 0);
        }
        constant_time_lookup(pn, multiples2, sizeof(pn), NTABLE, bits2 & WINDOW_T_MASK);
        cond_neg_niels(pn->n, inv2);
        add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn, i?-1:0);
    }
    
    /* Write out the answer */
    API_NS(point_copy)(a,tmp);
    

    decaf_bzero(scalar1x,sizeof(scalar1x));
    decaf_bzero(scalar2x,sizeof(scalar2x));
    decaf_bzero(pn,sizeof(pn));
    decaf_bzero(multiples1,sizeof(multiples1));
    decaf_bzero(multiples2,sizeof(multiples2));
    decaf_bzero(tmp,sizeof(tmp));
}

void API_NS(point_dual_scalarmul) (
    point_t a1,
    point_t a2,
    const point_t b,
    const scalar_t scalar1,
    const scalar_t scalar2
) {
    
    const int WINDOW = DECAF_WINDOW_BITS,
        WINDOW_MASK = (1<<WINDOW)-1,
        WINDOW_T_MASK = WINDOW_MASK >> 1,
        NTABLE = 1<<(WINDOW-1);


    scalar_t scalar1x, scalar2x;
    API_NS(scalar_add)(scalar1x, scalar1, point_scalarmul_adjustment);
    API_NS(scalar_halve)(scalar1x,scalar1x);
    API_NS(scalar_add)(scalar2x, scalar2, point_scalarmul_adjustment);
    API_NS(scalar_halve)(scalar2x,scalar2x);
    
    /* Set up a precomputed table with odd multiples of b. */
    point_t multiples1[1<<((int)(DECAF_WINDOW_BITS)-1)], multiples2[1<<((int)(DECAF_WINDOW_BITS)-1)], working, tmp;
    // Array sizes above equal NTABLE (MSVC compatibility issue)

    pniels_t pn;
    
    API_NS(point_copy)(working, b);

    /* Initialize. */
    int i,j;
    
    for (i=0; i<NTABLE; i++) {
        API_NS(point_copy)(multiples1[i], API_NS(point_identity));
        API_NS(point_copy)(multiples2[i], API_NS(point_identity));
    }

    for (i=0; i<SCALAR_BITS; i+=WINDOW) {   
        if (i) {
            for (j=0; j<WINDOW-1; j++)
                point_double_internal(working, working, -1);
            point_double_internal(working, working, 0);
        }
        
        /* Fetch another block of bits */
        word_t bits1 = scalar1x->limb[i/WBITS] >> (i%WBITS),
               bits2 = scalar2x->limb[i/WBITS] >> (i%WBITS);
        if (i%WBITS >= WBITS-WINDOW && i/WBITS<SCALAR_LIMBS-1) {
            bits1 ^= scalar1x->limb[i/WBITS+1] << (WBITS - (i%WBITS));
            bits2 ^= scalar2x->limb[i/WBITS+1] << (WBITS - (i%WBITS));
        }
        bits1 &= WINDOW_MASK;
        bits2 &= WINDOW_MASK;
        mask_t inv1 = (bits1>>(WINDOW-1))-1;
        mask_t inv2 = (bits2>>(WINDOW-1))-1;
        bits1 ^= inv1;
        bits2 ^= inv2;
        
        pt_to_pniels(pn, working);

        constant_time_lookup(tmp, multiples1, sizeof(tmp), NTABLE, bits1 & WINDOW_T_MASK);
        cond_neg_niels(pn->n, inv1);
        /* add_pniels_to_pt(multiples1[bits1 & WINDOW_T_MASK], pn, 0); */
        add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn, 0);
        constant_time_insert(multiples1, tmp, sizeof(tmp), NTABLE, bits1 & WINDOW_T_MASK);
        
        
        constant_time_lookup(tmp, multiples2, sizeof(tmp), NTABLE, bits2 & WINDOW_T_MASK);
        cond_neg_niels(pn->n, inv1^inv2);
        /* add_pniels_to_pt(multiples2[bits2 & WINDOW_T_MASK], pn, 0); */
        add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, pn, 0);
        constant_time_insert(multiples2, tmp, sizeof(tmp), NTABLE, bits2 & WINDOW_T_MASK);
    }
    
    if (NTABLE > 1) {
        API_NS(point_copy)(working, multiples1[NTABLE-1]);
        API_NS(point_copy)(tmp    , multiples2[NTABLE-1]);
    
        for (i=NTABLE-1; i>1; i--) {
            API_NS(point_add)(multiples1[i-1], multiples1[i-1], multiples1[i]);
            API_NS(point_add)(multiples2[i-1], multiples2[i-1], multiples2[i]);
            API_NS(point_add)(working, working, multiples1[i-1]);
            API_NS(point_add)(tmp,     tmp,     multiples2[i-1]);
        }
    
        API_NS(point_add)(multiples1[0], multiples1[0], multiples1[1]);
        API_NS(point_add)(multiples2[0], multiples2[0], multiples2[1]);
        point_double_internal(working, working, 0);
        point_double_internal(tmp,         tmp, 0);
        API_NS(point_add)(a1, working, multiples1[0]);
        API_NS(point_add)(a2, tmp,     multiples2[0]);
    } else {
        API_NS(point_copy)(a1, multiples1[0]);
        API_NS(point_copy)(a2, multiples2[0]);
    }

    decaf_bzero(scalar1x,sizeof(scalar1x));
    decaf_bzero(scalar2x,sizeof(scalar2x));
    decaf_bzero(pn,sizeof(pn));
    decaf_bzero(multiples1,sizeof(multiples1));
    decaf_bzero(multiples2,sizeof(multiples2));
    decaf_bzero(tmp,sizeof(tmp));
    decaf_bzero(working,sizeof(working));
}

decaf_bool_t API_NS(point_eq) ( const point_t p, const point_t q ) {
    /* equality mod 2-torsion compares x/y */
    gf a, b;
    gf_mul ( a, p->y, q->x );
    gf_mul ( b, q->y, p->x );
    mask_t succ = gf_eq(a,b);
    
    #if (COFACTOR == 8)
        gf_mul ( a, p->y, q->y );
        gf_mul ( b, q->x, p->x );
        #if !(IMAGINE_TWIST)
            gf_sub ( a, ZERO, a );
        #else
           /* Interesting note: the 4tor would normally be rotation.
            * But because of the *i twist, it's actually
            * (x,y) <-> (iy,ix)
            */
    
           /* No code, just a comment. */
        #endif
        succ |= gf_eq(a,b);
    #endif
    
    return mask_to_bool(succ);
}

decaf_bool_t API_NS(point_valid) (
    const point_t p
) {
    gf a,b,c;
    gf_mul(a,p->x,p->y);
    gf_mul(b,p->z,p->t);
    mask_t out = gf_eq(a,b);
    gf_sqr(a,p->x);
    gf_sqr(b,p->y);
    gf_sub(a,b,a);
    gf_sqr(b,p->t);
    gf_mulw(c,b,TWISTED_D);
    gf_sqr(b,p->z);
    gf_add(b,b,c);
    out &= gf_eq(a,b);
    out &= ~gf_eq(p->z,ZERO);
    return mask_to_bool(out);
}

void API_NS(point_debugging_torque) (
    point_t q,
    const point_t p
) {
#if COFACTOR == 8 && IMAGINE_TWIST
    gf tmp;
    gf_mul(tmp,p->x,SQRT_MINUS_ONE);
    gf_mul(q->x,p->y,SQRT_MINUS_ONE);
    gf_copy(q->y,tmp);
    gf_copy(q->z,p->z);
    gf_sub(q->t,ZERO,p->t);
#else
    gf_sub(q->x,ZERO,p->x);
    gf_sub(q->y,ZERO,p->y);
    gf_copy(q->z,p->z);
    gf_copy(q->t,p->t);
#endif
}

void API_NS(point_debugging_pscale) (
    point_t q,
    const point_t p,
    const uint8_t factor[SER_BYTES]
) {
    gf gfac,tmp;
    /* NB this means you'll never pscale by negative numbers for p521 */
    ignore_result(gf_deserialize(gfac,factor,0));
    gf_cond_sel(gfac,gfac,ONE,gf_eq(gfac,ZERO));
    gf_mul(tmp,p->x,gfac);
    gf_copy(q->x,tmp);
    gf_mul(tmp,p->y,gfac);
    gf_copy(q->y,tmp);
    gf_mul(tmp,p->z,gfac);
    gf_copy(q->z,tmp);
    gf_mul(tmp,p->t,gfac);
    gf_copy(q->t,tmp);
}

static void gf_batch_invert (
    gf *__restrict__ out,
    const gf *in,
    unsigned int n
) {
    gf t1;
    assert(n>1);
  
    gf_copy(out[1], in[0]);
    int i;
    for (i=1; i<(int) (n-1); i++) {
        gf_mul(out[i+1], out[i], in[i]);
    }
    gf_mul(out[0], out[n-1], in[n-1]);

    gf_invert(out[0], out[0], 1);

    for (i=n-1; i>0; i--) {
        gf_mul(t1, out[i], out[0]);
        gf_copy(out[i], t1);
        gf_mul(t1, out[0], in[i]);
        gf_copy(out[0], t1);
    }
}

static void batch_normalize_niels (
    niels_t *table,
    const gf *zs,
    gf *__restrict__ zis,
    int n
) {
    int i;
    gf product;
    gf_batch_invert(zis, zs, n);

    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        gf_mul(product, table[i]->a, zis[i]);
        gf_strong_reduce(product);
        gf_copy(table[i]->a, product);
        
        gf_mul(product, table[i]->b, zis[i]);
        gf_strong_reduce(product);
        gf_copy(table[i]->b, product);
        
        gf_mul(product, table[i]->c, zis[i]);
        gf_strong_reduce(product);
        gf_copy(table[i]->c, product);
    }
    
    decaf_bzero(product,sizeof(product));
}

void API_NS(precompute) (
    precomputed_s *table,
    const point_t base
) { 
    const unsigned int n = COMBS_N, t = COMBS_T, s = COMBS_S;
    assert(n*t*s >= SCALAR_BITS);
  
    point_t working, start, doubles[COMBS_T-1];
    API_NS(point_copy)(working, base);
    pniels_t pn_tmp;
  
    gf zs[(unsigned int)(COMBS_N)<<(unsigned int)(COMBS_T-1)], zis[(unsigned int)(COMBS_N)<<(unsigned int)(COMBS_T-1)];
  
    unsigned int i,j,k;
    
    /* Compute n tables */
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {

        /* Doubling phase */
        for (j=0; j<t; j++) {
            if (j) API_NS(point_add)(start, start, working);
            else API_NS(point_copy)(start, working);

            if (j==t-1 && i==n-1) break;

            point_double_internal(working, working,0);
            if (j<t-1) API_NS(point_copy)(doubles[j], working);

            for (k=0; k<s-1; k++)
                point_double_internal(working, working, k<s-2);
        }

        /* Gray-code phase */
        for (j=0;; j++) {
            int gray = j ^ (j>>1);
            int idx = (((i+1)<<(t-1))-1) ^ gray;

            pt_to_pniels(pn_tmp, start);
            memcpy(table->table[idx], pn_tmp->n, sizeof(pn_tmp->n));
            gf_copy(zs[idx], pn_tmp->z);
			
            if (j >= (1u<<(t-1)) - 1) break;
            int delta = (j+1) ^ ((j+1)>>1) ^ gray;

            for (k=0; delta>1; k++)
                delta >>=1;
            
            if (gray & (1<<k)) {
                API_NS(point_add)(start, start, doubles[k]);
            } else {
                API_NS(point_sub)(start, start, doubles[k]);
            }
        }
    }
    
    batch_normalize_niels(table->table,(const gf *)zs,zis,n<<(t-1));
    
    decaf_bzero(zs,sizeof(zs));
    decaf_bzero(zis,sizeof(zis));
    decaf_bzero(pn_tmp,sizeof(pn_tmp));
    decaf_bzero(working,sizeof(working));
    decaf_bzero(start,sizeof(start));
    decaf_bzero(doubles,sizeof(doubles));
}

static DECAF_INLINE void
constant_time_lookup_niels (
    niels_s *__restrict__ ni,
    const niels_t *table,
    int nelts,
    int idx
) {
    constant_time_lookup(ni, table, sizeof(niels_s), nelts, idx);
}

void API_NS(precomputed_scalarmul) (
    point_t out,
    const precomputed_s *table,
    const scalar_t scalar
) {
    int i;
    unsigned j,k;
    const unsigned int n = COMBS_N, t = COMBS_T, s = COMBS_S;
    
    scalar_t scalar1x;
    API_NS(scalar_add)(scalar1x, scalar, precomputed_scalarmul_adjustment);
    API_NS(scalar_halve)(scalar1x,scalar1x);
    
    niels_t ni;
    
    for (i=s-1; i>=0; i--) {
        if (i != (int)s-1) point_double_internal(out,out,0);
        
        for (j=0; j<n; j++) {
            int tab = 0;
         
            for (k=0; k<t; k++) {
                unsigned int bit = i + s*(k + j*t);
                if (bit < SCALAR_BITS) {
                    tab |= (scalar1x->limb[bit/WBITS] >> (bit%WBITS) & 1) << k;
                }
            }
            
            mask_t invert = (tab>>(t-1))-1;
            tab ^= invert;
            tab &= (1<<(t-1)) - 1;

            constant_time_lookup_niels(ni, &table->table[j<<(t-1)], 1<<(t-1), tab);

            cond_neg_niels(ni, invert);
            if ((i!=(int)s-1)||j) {
                add_niels_to_pt(out, ni, j==n-1 && i);
            } else {
                niels_to_pt(out, ni);
            }
        }
    }
    
    decaf_bzero(ni,sizeof(ni));
    decaf_bzero(scalar1x,sizeof(scalar1x));
}

void API_NS(point_cond_sel) (
    point_t out,
    const point_t a,
    const point_t b,
    decaf_bool_t pick_b
) {
    constant_time_select(out,a,b,sizeof(point_t),bool_to_mask(pick_b),0);
}

/* FUTURE: restore Curve25519 Montgomery ladder? */
decaf_error_t API_NS(direct_scalarmul) (
    uint8_t scaled[SER_BYTES],
    const uint8_t base[SER_BYTES],
    const scalar_t scalar,
    decaf_bool_t allow_identity,
    decaf_bool_t short_circuit
) {
    point_t basep;
    decaf_error_t succ = API_NS(point_decode)(basep, base, allow_identity);
    if (short_circuit && succ != DECAF_SUCCESS) return succ;
    API_NS(point_cond_sel)(basep, API_NS(point_base), basep, succ);
    API_NS(point_scalarmul)(basep, basep, scalar);
    API_NS(point_encode)(scaled, basep);
    API_NS(point_destroy)(basep);
    return succ;
}

void API_NS(point_mul_by_ratio_and_encode_like_eddsa) (
    uint8_t enc[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const point_t p
) {
    
    /* The point is now on the twisted curve.  Move it to untwisted. */
    gf x, y, z, t;
    point_t q;
#if COFACTOR == 8
    API_NS(point_double)(q,p);
#else
    API_NS(point_copy)(q,p);
#endif
    
#if EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY
    {
        /* Use 4-isogeny like ed25519:
         *   2*x*y*sqrt(d/a-1)/(ax^2 + y^2 - 2)
         *   (y^2 - ax^2)/(y^2 + ax^2)
         * with a = -1, d = -EDWARDS_D:
         *   -2xysqrt(EDWARDS_D-1)/(2z^2-y^2+x^2)
         *   (y^2+x^2)/(y^2-x^2)
         */
        gf u;
        gf_sqr ( x, q->x ); // x^2
        gf_sqr ( t, q->y ); // y^2
        gf_add( u, x, t ); // x^2 + y^2
        gf_add( z, q->y, q->x );
        gf_sqr ( y, z);
        gf_sub ( y, u, y ); // -2xy
        gf_sub ( z, t, x ); // y^2 - x^2
        gf_sqr ( x, q->z );
        gf_add ( t, x, x);
        gf_sub ( t, t, z);  // 2z^2 - y^2 + x^2
        gf_mul ( x, y, z ); // 2xy(y^2-x^2)
        gf_mul ( y, u, t ); // (x^2+y^2)(2z^2-y^2+x^2)
        gf_mul ( u, z, t );
        gf_copy( z, u );
        gf_mul ( u, x, RISTRETTO_FACTOR );
#if IMAGINE_TWIST
        gf_mul_i( x, u );
#else
#error "... probably wrong"
        gf_copy( x, u );
#endif
        decaf_bzero(u,sizeof(u));
    }
#elif IMAGINE_TWIST
    {
        API_NS(point_double)(q,q);
        API_NS(point_double)(q,q);
        gf_mul_i(x, q->x);
        gf_copy(y, q->y);
        gf_copy(z, q->z);
    }
#else
    {
        /* 4-isogeny: 2xy/(y^+x^2), (y^2-x^2)/(2z^2-y^2+x^2) */
        gf u;
        gf_sqr ( x, q->x );
        gf_sqr ( t, q->y );
        gf_add( u, x, t );
        gf_add( z, q->y, q->x );
        gf_sqr ( y, z);
        gf_sub ( y, y, u );
        gf_sub ( z, t, x );
        gf_sqr ( x, q->z );
        gf_add ( t, x, x); 
        gf_sub ( t, t, z);
        gf_mul ( x, t, y );
        gf_mul ( y, z, u );
        gf_mul ( z, u, t );
        decaf_bzero(u,sizeof(u));
    }
#endif
    /* Affinize */
    gf_invert(z,z,1);
    gf_mul(t,x,z);
    gf_mul(x,y,z);
    
    /* Encode */
    enc[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PRIVATE_BYTES-1] = 0;
    gf_serialize(enc, x);
    enc[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PRIVATE_BYTES-1] |= 0x80 & gf_lobit(t);

    decaf_bzero(x,sizeof(x));
    decaf_bzero(y,sizeof(y));
    decaf_bzero(z,sizeof(z));
    decaf_bzero(t,sizeof(t));
    API_NS(point_destroy)(q);
}


decaf_error_t API_NS(point_decode_like_eddsa_and_mul_by_ratio) (
    point_t p,
    const uint8_t enc[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PUBLIC_BYTES]
) {
    uint8_t enc2[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PUBLIC_BYTES];
    memcpy(enc2,enc,sizeof(enc2));

    mask_t low = ~word_is_zero(enc2[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PRIVATE_BYTES-1] & 0x80);
    enc2[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PRIVATE_BYTES-1] &= ~0x80;
    
    mask_t succ = gf_deserialize(p->y, enc2, 0);
#if $(gf_bits % 8) == 0
    succ &= word_is_zero(enc2[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PRIVATE_BYTES-1]);
#endif

    gf_sqr(p->x,p->y);
    gf_sub(p->z,ONE,p->x); /* num = 1-y^2 */
    #if EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY
        gf_mulw(p->t,p->z,EDWARDS_D); /* d-dy^2 */
        gf_mulw(p->x,p->z,EDWARDS_D-1); /* num = (1-y^2)(d-1) */
        gf_copy(p->z,p->x);
    #else
        gf_mulw(p->t,p->x,EDWARDS_D); /* dy^2 */
    #endif
    gf_sub(p->t,ONE,p->t); /* denom = 1-dy^2 or 1-d + dy^2 */
    
    gf_mul(p->x,p->z,p->t);
    succ &= gf_isr(p->t,p->x); /* 1/sqrt(num * denom) */
    
    gf_mul(p->x,p->t,p->z); /* sqrt(num / denom) */
    gf_cond_neg(p->x,gf_lobit(p->x)^low);
    gf_copy(p->z,ONE);
  
    #if EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY
    {
       /* Use 4-isogeny like ed25519:
        *   2*x*y/sqrt(1-d/a)/(ax^2 + y^2 - 2)
        *   (y^2 - ax^2)/(y^2 + ax^2)
        * (MAGIC: above formula may be off by a factor of -a
        * or something somewhere; check it for other a)
        *
        * with a = -1, d = -EDWARDS_D:
        *   -2xy/sqrt(1-EDWARDS_D)/(2z^2-y^2+x^2)
        *   (y^2+x^2)/(y^2-x^2)
        */
        gf a, b, c, d;
        gf_sqr ( c, p->x );
        gf_sqr ( a, p->y );
        gf_add ( d, c, a ); // x^2 + y^2
        gf_add ( p->t, p->y, p->x );
        gf_sqr ( b, p->t );
        gf_sub ( b, b, d ); // 2xy
        gf_sub ( p->t, a, c ); // y^2 - x^2
        gf_sqr ( p->x, p->z );
        gf_add ( p->z, p->x, p->x );
        gf_sub ( c, p->z, p->t ); // 2z^2 - y^2 + x^2
        gf_div_i ( a, c );
        gf_mul ( c, a, RISTRETTO_FACTOR );
        gf_mul ( p->x, b, p->t); // (2xy)(y^2-x^2)
        gf_mul ( p->z, p->t, c ); // (y^2-x^2)sd(2z^2 - y^2 + x^2)
        gf_mul ( p->y, d, c ); // (y^2+x^2)sd(2z^2 - y^2 + x^2)
        gf_mul ( p->t, d, b );
        decaf_bzero(a,sizeof(a));
        decaf_bzero(b,sizeof(b));
        decaf_bzero(c,sizeof(c));
        decaf_bzero(d,sizeof(d));
    } 
    #elif IMAGINE_TWIST
    {
        gf_mul(p->t,p->x,SQRT_MINUS_ONE);
        gf_copy(p->x,p->t);
        gf_mul(p->t,p->x,p->y);
    }
    #else
    {
        /* 4-isogeny 2xy/(y^2-ax^2), (y^2+ax^2)/(2-y^2-ax^2) */
        gf a, b, c, d;
        gf_sqr ( c, p->x );
        gf_sqr ( a, p->y );
        gf_add ( d, c, a );
        gf_add ( p->t, p->y, p->x );
        gf_sqr ( b, p->t );
        gf_sub ( b, b, d );
        gf_sub ( p->t, a, c );
        gf_sqr ( p->x, p->z );
        gf_add ( p->z, p->x, p->x );
        gf_sub ( a, p->z, d );
        gf_mul ( p->x, a, b );
        gf_mul ( p->z, p->t, a );
        gf_mul ( p->y, p->t, d );
        gf_mul ( p->t, b, d );
        decaf_bzero(a,sizeof(a));
        decaf_bzero(b,sizeof(b));
        decaf_bzero(c,sizeof(c));
        decaf_bzero(d,sizeof(d));
    }
    #endif
    
    decaf_bzero(enc2,sizeof(enc2));
    assert(API_NS(point_valid)(p) || ~succ);
    
    return decaf_succeed_if(mask_to_bool(succ));
}

decaf_error_t decaf_x$(gf_shortname) (
    uint8_t out[X_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const uint8_t base[X_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const uint8_t scalar[X_PRIVATE_BYTES]
) {
    gf x1, x2, z2, x3, z3, t1, t2;
    ignore_result(gf_deserialize(x1,base,0));
    gf_copy(x2,ONE);
    gf_copy(z2,ZERO);
    gf_copy(x3,x1);
    gf_copy(z3,ONE);
    
    int t;
    mask_t swap = 0;
    
    for (t = X_PRIVATE_BITS-1; t>=0; t--) {
        uint8_t sb = scalar[t/8];
        
        /* Scalar conditioning */
        if (t/8==0) sb &= -(uint8_t)COFACTOR;
        else if (t == X_PRIVATE_BITS-1) sb = -1;
        
        mask_t k_t = bit_to_mask((sb>>(t%8)) & 1);
        
        swap ^= k_t;
        gf_cond_swap(x2,x3,swap);
        gf_cond_swap(z2,z3,swap);
        swap = k_t;
        
        gf_add_nr(t1,x2,z2); /* A = x2 + z2 */        /* 2+e */
        gf_sub_nr(t2,x2,z2); /* B = x2 - z2 */        /* 3+e */
        gf_sub_nr(z2,x3,z3); /* D = x3 - z3 */        /* 3+e */
        gf_mul(x2,t1,z2);    /* DA */
        gf_add_nr(z2,z3,x3); /* C = x3 + z3 */        /* 2+e */
        gf_mul(x3,t2,z2);    /* CB */
        gf_sub_nr(z3,x2,x3); /* DA-CB */              /* 3+e */
        gf_sqr(z2,z3);       /* (DA-CB)^2 */
        gf_mul(z3,x1,z2);    /* z3 = x1(DA-CB)^2 */
        gf_add_nr(z2,x2,x3); /* (DA+CB) */            /* 2+e */
        gf_sqr(x3,z2);       /* x3 = (DA+CB)^2 */
        
        gf_sqr(z2,t1);       /* AA = A^2 */
        gf_sqr(t1,t2);       /* BB = B^2 */
        gf_mul(x2,z2,t1);    /* x2 = AA*BB */
        gf_sub_nr(t2,z2,t1); /* E = AA-BB */          /* 3+e */
        
        gf_mulw(t1,t2,-EDWARDS_D); /* E*-d = a24*E */
        gf_add_nr(t1,t1,z2); /* AA + a24*E */         /* 2+e */
        gf_mul(z2,t2,t1); /* z2 = E(AA+a24*E) */
    }
    
    /* Finish */
    gf_cond_swap(x2,x3,swap);
    gf_cond_swap(z2,z3,swap);
    gf_invert(z2,z2,0);
    gf_mul(x1,x2,z2);
    gf_serialize(out,x1);
    mask_t nz = ~gf_eq(x1,ZERO);
    
    decaf_bzero(x1,sizeof(x1));
    decaf_bzero(x2,sizeof(x2));
    decaf_bzero(z2,sizeof(z2));
    decaf_bzero(x3,sizeof(x3));
    decaf_bzero(z3,sizeof(z3));
    decaf_bzero(t1,sizeof(t1));
    decaf_bzero(t2,sizeof(t2));
    
    return decaf_succeed_if(mask_to_bool(nz));
}

/* Thanks Johan Pascal */
void decaf_ed$(gf_shortname)_convert_public_key_to_x$(gf_shortname) (
    uint8_t x[DECAF_X$(gf_shortname)_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const uint8_t ed[DECAF_EDDSA_$(gf_shortname)_PUBLIC_BYTES]
) {
    gf y;
    const uint8_t mask = (uint8_t)(0xFE<<($((gf_bits-1)%8)));
    ignore_result(gf_deserialize(y, ed, mask));
    
    {
        gf n,d;
        
#if EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY
        /* u = (1+y)/(1-y)*/
        gf_add(n, y, ONE); /* n = y+1 */
        gf_sub(d, ONE, y); /* d = 1-y */
        gf_invert(d, d, 0); /* d = 1/(1-y) */
        gf_mul(y, n, d); /* u = (y+1)/(1-y) */
        gf_serialize(x,y);
#else /* EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY */
        /* u = y^2 * (1-dy^2) / (1-y^2) */
        gf_sqr(n,y); /* y^2*/
        gf_sub(d,ONE,n); /* 1-y^2*/
        gf_invert(d,d,0); /* 1/(1-y^2)*/
        gf_mul(y,n,d); /* y^2 / (1-y^2) */
        gf_mulw(d,n,EDWARDS_D); /* dy^2*/
        gf_sub(d, ONE, d); /* 1-dy^2*/
        gf_mul(n, y, d); /* y^2 * (1-dy^2) / (1-y^2) */
        gf_serialize(x,n);
#endif /* EDDSA_USE_SIGMA_ISOGENY */
        
        decaf_bzero(y,sizeof(y));
        decaf_bzero(n,sizeof(n));
        decaf_bzero(d,sizeof(d));
    }
}

void decaf_x$(gf_shortname)_generate_key (
    uint8_t out[X_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const uint8_t scalar[X_PRIVATE_BYTES]
) {
    decaf_x$(gf_shortname)_derive_public_key(out,scalar);
}

void API_NS(point_mul_by_ratio_and_encode_like_x$(gf_shortname)) (
    uint8_t out[X_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const point_t p
) {
    point_t q;
#if COFACTOR == 8
    point_double_internal(q,p,1);
#else
    API_NS(point_copy)(q,p);
#endif
    gf_invert(q->t,q->x,0); /* 1/x */
    gf_mul(q->z,q->t,q->y); /* y/x */
    gf_sqr(q->y,q->z); /* (y/x)^2 */
#if IMAGINE_TWIST
    gf_sub(q->y,ZERO,q->y);
#endif
    gf_serialize(out,q->y);
    API_NS(point_destroy(q));
}

void decaf_x$(gf_shortname)_derive_public_key (
    uint8_t out[X_PUBLIC_BYTES],
    const uint8_t scalar[X_PRIVATE_BYTES]
) {
    /* Scalar conditioning */
    uint8_t scalar2[X_PRIVATE_BYTES];
    memcpy(scalar2,scalar,sizeof(scalar2));
    scalar2[0] &= -(uint8_t)COFACTOR;
    
    scalar2[X_PRIVATE_BYTES-1] &= ~(0xFF<<((X_PRIVATE_BITS+7)%8));
    scalar2[X_PRIVATE_BYTES-1] |= 1<<((X_PRIVATE_BITS+7)%8);
    
    scalar_t the_scalar;
    API_NS(scalar_decode_long)(the_scalar,scalar2,sizeof(scalar2));
    
    /* Compensate for the encoding ratio */
    for (unsigned i=1; i<DECAF_X$(gf_shortname)_ENCODE_RATIO; i<<=1) {
        API_NS(scalar_halve)(the_scalar,the_scalar);
    }
    point_t p;
    API_NS(precomputed_scalarmul)(p,API_NS(precomputed_base),the_scalar);
    API_NS(point_mul_by_ratio_and_encode_like_x$(gf_shortname))(out,p);
    API_NS(point_destroy)(p);
}

/**
 * @cond internal
 * Control for variable-time scalar multiply algorithms.
 */
struct smvt_control {
  int power, addend;
};

static int recode_wnaf (
    struct smvt_control *control, /* [nbits/(table_bits+1) + 3] */
    const scalar_t scalar,
    unsigned int table_bits
) {
    unsigned int table_size = SCALAR_BITS/(table_bits+1) + 3;
    int position = table_size - 1; /* at the end */
    
    /* place the end marker */
    control[position].power = -1;
    control[position].addend = 0;
    position--;

    /* PERF: Could negate scalar if it's large.  But then would need more cases
     * in the actual code that uses it, all for an expected reduction of like 1/5 op.
     * Probably not worth it.
     */
    
    uint64_t current = scalar->limb[0] & 0xFFFF;
    uint32_t mask = (1<<(table_bits+1))-1;

    unsigned int w;
    const unsigned int B_OVER_16 = sizeof(scalar->limb[0]) / 2;
    for (w = 1; w<(SCALAR_BITS-1)/16+3; w++) {
        if (w < (SCALAR_BITS-1)/16+1) {
            /* Refill the 16 high bits of current */
            current += (uint32_t)((scalar->limb[w/B_OVER_16]>>(16*(w%B_OVER_16)))<<16);
        }
        
        while (current & 0xFFFF) {
            assert(position >= 0);
            uint32_t pos = __builtin_ctz((uint32_t)current), odd = (uint32_t)current >> pos;
            int32_t delta = odd & mask;
            if (odd & 1<<(table_bits+1)) delta -= (1<<(table_bits+1));
            current -= delta << pos;
            control[position].power = pos + 16*(w-1);
            control[position].addend = delta;
            position--;
        }
        current >>= 16;
    }
    assert(current==0);
    
    position++;
    unsigned int n = table_size - position;
    unsigned int i;
    for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
        control[i] = control[i+position];
    }
    return n-1;
}

static void
prepare_wnaf_table(
    pniels_t *output,
    const point_t working,
    unsigned int tbits
) {
    point_t tmp;
    int i;
    pt_to_pniels(output[0], working);

    if (tbits == 0) return;

    API_NS(point_double)(tmp,working);
    pniels_t twop;
    pt_to_pniels(twop, tmp);

    add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, output[0],0);
    pt_to_pniels(output[1], tmp);

    for (i=2; i < 1<<tbits; i++) {
        add_pniels_to_pt(tmp, twop,0);
        pt_to_pniels(output[i], tmp);
    }
    
    API_NS(point_destroy)(tmp);
    decaf_bzero(twop,sizeof(twop));
}

extern const gf API_NS(precomputed_wnaf_as_fe)[];
static const niels_t *API_NS(wnaf_base) = (const niels_t *)API_NS(precomputed_wnaf_as_fe);
const size_t API_NS(sizeof_precomputed_wnafs) __attribute((visibility("hidden")))
    = sizeof(niels_t)<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS;

void API_NS(precompute_wnafs) (
    niels_t out[1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS],
    const point_t base
) __attribute__ ((visibility ("hidden")));

void API_NS(precompute_wnafs) (
    niels_t out[1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS],
    const point_t base
) {
    pniels_t tmp[1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS];
    gf zs[1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS], zis[1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS];
    int i;
    prepare_wnaf_table(tmp,base,DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS);
    for (i=0; i<1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS; i++) {
        memcpy(out[i], tmp[i]->n, sizeof(niels_t));
        gf_copy(zs[i], tmp[i]->z);
    }
    batch_normalize_niels(out, (const gf *)zs, zis, 1<<DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS);
    
    decaf_bzero(tmp,sizeof(tmp));
    decaf_bzero(zs,sizeof(zs));
    decaf_bzero(zis,sizeof(zis));
}

void API_NS(base_double_scalarmul_non_secret) (
    point_t combo,
    const scalar_t scalar1,
    const point_t base2,
    const scalar_t scalar2
) {
    const int table_bits_var = DECAF_WNAF_VAR_TABLE_BITS,
        table_bits_pre = DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS;
    struct smvt_control control_var[SCALAR_BITS/((int)(DECAF_WNAF_VAR_TABLE_BITS)+1)+3];
    struct smvt_control control_pre[SCALAR_BITS/((int)(DECAF_WNAF_FIXED_TABLE_BITS)+1)+3];
    
    int ncb_pre = recode_wnaf(control_pre, scalar1, table_bits_pre);
    int ncb_var = recode_wnaf(control_var, scalar2, table_bits_var);
  
    pniels_t precmp_var[1<<(int)(DECAF_WNAF_VAR_TABLE_BITS)];
    prepare_wnaf_table(precmp_var, base2, table_bits_var);
  
    int contp=0, contv=0, i = control_var[0].power;

    if (i < 0) {
        API_NS(point_copy)(combo, API_NS(point_identity));
        return;
    } else if (i > control_pre[0].power) {
        pniels_to_pt(combo, precmp_var[control_var[0].addend >> 1]);
        contv++;
    } else if (i == control_pre[0].power && i >=0 ) {
        pniels_to_pt(combo, precmp_var[control_var[0].addend >> 1]);
        add_niels_to_pt(combo, API_NS(wnaf_base)[control_pre[0].addend >> 1], i);
        contv++; contp++;
    } else {
        i = control_pre[0].power;
        niels_to_pt(combo, API_NS(wnaf_base)[control_pre[0].addend >> 1]);
        contp++;
    }
    
    for (i--; i >= 0; i--) {
        int cv = (i==control_var[contv].power), cp = (i==control_pre[contp].power);
        point_double_internal(combo,combo,i && !(cv||cp));

        if (cv) {
            assert(control_var[contv].addend);

            if (control_var[contv].addend > 0) {
                add_pniels_to_pt(combo, precmp_var[control_var[contv].addend >> 1], i&&!cp);
            } else {
                sub_pniels_from_pt(combo, precmp_var[(-control_var[contv].addend) >> 1], i&&!cp);
            }
            contv++;
        }

        if (cp) {
            assert(control_pre[contp].addend);

            if (control_pre[contp].addend > 0) {
                add_niels_to_pt(combo, API_NS(wnaf_base)[control_pre[contp].addend >> 1], i);
            } else {
                sub_niels_from_pt(combo, API_NS(wnaf_base)[(-control_pre[contp].addend) >> 1], i);
            }
            contp++;
        }
    }
    
    /* This function is non-secret, but whatever this is cheap. */
    decaf_bzero(control_var,sizeof(control_var));
    decaf_bzero(control_pre,sizeof(control_pre));
    decaf_bzero(precmp_var,sizeof(precmp_var));

    assert(contv == ncb_var); (void)ncb_var;
    assert(contp == ncb_pre); (void)ncb_pre;
}

void API_NS(point_destroy) (
    point_t point
) {
    decaf_bzero(point, sizeof(point_t));
}

void API_NS(precomputed_destroy) (
    precomputed_s *pre
) {
    decaf_bzero(pre, API_NS(sizeof_precomputed_s));
}