Documentation: update pagemap with shmem exceptions

Mentioning the current missing information in the pagemap and alternatives
on how to retrieve it, in case someone stumbles upon unexpected behaviour.

Signed-off-by: Tiberiu A Georgescu <tiberiu.georgescu@nutanix.com>
Reviewed-by: Ivan Teterevkov <ivan.teterevkov@nutanix.com>
Reviewed-by: Florian Schmidt <florian.schmidt@nutanix.com>
Reviewed-by: Carl Waldspurger <carl.waldspurger@nutanix.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan Davies <jonathan.davies@nutanix.com>
Reviewed-by: David Hildenbrand <david@redhat.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Xu <peterx@redhat.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20210923064618.157046-2-tiberiu.georgescu@nutanix.com
Signed-off-by: Jonathan Corbet <corbet@lwn.net>

1 files changed, 22 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst
index fb578fbbb76c..4581527c07ae 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/mm/pagemap.rst
@@ -196,6 +196,28 @@ you can go through every map in the process, find the PFNs, look those up
 in kpagecount, and tally up the number of pages that are only referenced
 once.
 
+Exceptions for Shared Memory
+============================
+
+Page table entries for shared pages are cleared when the pages are zapped or
+swapped out. This makes swapped out pages indistinguishable from never-allocated
+ones.
+
+In kernel space, the swap location can still be retrieved from the page cache.
+However, values stored only on the normal PTE get lost irretrievably when the
+page is swapped out (i.e. SOFT_DIRTY).
+
+In user space, whether the page is present, swapped or none can be deduced with
+the help of lseek and/or mincore system calls.
+
+lseek() can differentiate between accessed pages (present or swapped out) and
+holes (none/non-allocated) by specifying the SEEK_DATA flag on the file where
+the pages are backed. For anonymous shared pages, the file can be found in
+``/proc/pid/map_files/``.
+
+mincore() can differentiate between pages in memory (present, including swap
+cache) and out of memory (swapped out or none/non-allocated).
+
 Other notes
 ===========