aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
diff options
context:
space:
mode:
authorJuergen Gross <jgross@suse.com>2018-08-28 09:40:13 +0200
committerThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>2018-09-03 16:50:33 +0200
commitf030aade9165080f3539fb86fc2ce9ffc391813c (patch)
tree5fd74186e418d49b65ea15cb2b0022e95f247033
parentx86/xen: Move pv irq related functions under CONFIG_XEN_PV umbrella (diff)
downloadlinux-dev-f030aade9165080f3539fb86fc2ce9ffc391813c.tar.xz
linux-dev-f030aade9165080f3539fb86fc2ce9ffc391813c.zip
x86/xen: Move pv specific parts of arch/x86/xen/mmu.c to mmu_pv.c
There are some PV specific functions in arch/x86/xen/mmu.c which can be moved to mmu_pv.c. This in turn enables to build multicalls.c dependent on CONFIG_XEN_PV. Signed-off-by: Juergen Gross <jgross@suse.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Boris Ostrovsky <boris.ostrovsky@oracle.com> Cc: xen-devel@lists.xenproject.org Cc: virtualization@lists.linux-foundation.org Cc: akataria@vmware.com Cc: rusty@rustcorp.com.au Cc: hpa@zytor.com Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/20180828074026.820-3-jgross@suse.com
-rw-r--r--arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c34
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/xen/Makefile2
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/xen/mmu.c186
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/xen/mmu_pv.c138
-rw-r--r--include/xen/interface/memory.h6
-rw-r--r--include/xen/xen-ops.h133
6 files changed, 227 insertions, 272 deletions
diff --git a/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c b/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c
index 07060e5b5864..17e478928276 100644
--- a/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c
+++ b/arch/arm/xen/enlighten.c
@@ -62,29 +62,6 @@ static __read_mostly unsigned int xen_events_irq;
uint32_t xen_start_flags;
EXPORT_SYMBOL(xen_start_flags);
-int xen_remap_domain_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned domid,
- struct page **pages)
-{
- return xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(vma, addr, gfn, nr, err_ptr,
- prot, domid, pages);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_domain_gfn_array);
-
-/* Not used by XENFEAT_auto_translated guests. */
-int xen_remap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t gfn, int nr,
- pgprot_t prot, unsigned domid,
- struct page **pages)
-{
- return -ENOSYS;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_domain_gfn_range);
-
int xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
int nr, struct page **pages)
{
@@ -92,17 +69,6 @@ int xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range);
-/* Not used by XENFEAT_auto_translated guests. */
-int xen_remap_domain_mfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *mfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned int domid, struct page **pages)
-{
- return -ENOSYS;
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_domain_mfn_array);
-
static void xen_read_wallclock(struct timespec64 *ts)
{
u32 version;
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/Makefile b/arch/x86/xen/Makefile
index f723b5aa8f74..a964f307a266 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/Makefile
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/Makefile
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ CFLAGS_enlighten_pv.o := $(nostackp)
CFLAGS_mmu_pv.o := $(nostackp)
obj-y += enlighten.o
-obj-y += multicalls.o
obj-y += mmu.o
obj-y += time.o
obj-y += grant-table.o
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += p2m.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += enlighten_pv.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += mmu_pv.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += irq.o
+obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += multicalls.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += xen-asm.o
obj-$(CONFIG_XEN_PV) += xen-asm_$(BITS).o
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c b/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c
index 96fc2f0fdbfe..e0e13fe16d37 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/mmu.c
@@ -6,12 +6,6 @@
#include "multicalls.h"
#include "mmu.h"
-/*
- * Protects atomic reservation decrease/increase against concurrent increases.
- * Also protects non-atomic updates of current_pages and balloon lists.
- */
-DEFINE_SPINLOCK(xen_reservation_lock);
-
unsigned long arbitrary_virt_to_mfn(void *vaddr)
{
xmaddr_t maddr = arbitrary_virt_to_machine(vaddr);
@@ -42,186 +36,6 @@ xmaddr_t arbitrary_virt_to_machine(void *vaddr)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(arbitrary_virt_to_machine);
-static noinline void xen_flush_tlb_all(void)
-{
- struct mmuext_op *op;
- struct multicall_space mcs;
-
- preempt_disable();
-
- mcs = xen_mc_entry(sizeof(*op));
-
- op = mcs.args;
- op->cmd = MMUEXT_TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
- MULTI_mmuext_op(mcs.mc, op, 1, NULL, DOMID_SELF);
-
- xen_mc_issue(PARAVIRT_LAZY_MMU);
-
- preempt_enable();
-}
-
-#define REMAP_BATCH_SIZE 16
-
-struct remap_data {
- xen_pfn_t *pfn;
- bool contiguous;
- bool no_translate;
- pgprot_t prot;
- struct mmu_update *mmu_update;
-};
-
-static int remap_area_pfn_pte_fn(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token,
- unsigned long addr, void *data)
-{
- struct remap_data *rmd = data;
- pte_t pte = pte_mkspecial(mfn_pte(*rmd->pfn, rmd->prot));
-
- /*
- * If we have a contiguous range, just update the pfn itself,
- * else update pointer to be "next pfn".
- */
- if (rmd->contiguous)
- (*rmd->pfn)++;
- else
- rmd->pfn++;
-
- rmd->mmu_update->ptr = virt_to_machine(ptep).maddr;
- rmd->mmu_update->ptr |= rmd->no_translate ?
- MMU_PT_UPDATE_NO_TRANSLATE :
- MMU_NORMAL_PT_UPDATE;
- rmd->mmu_update->val = pte_val_ma(pte);
- rmd->mmu_update++;
-
- return 0;
-}
-
-static int do_remap_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *pfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned int domid,
- bool no_translate,
- struct page **pages)
-{
- int err = 0;
- struct remap_data rmd;
- struct mmu_update mmu_update[REMAP_BATCH_SIZE];
- unsigned long range;
- int mapped = 0;
-
- BUG_ON(!((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_IO)) == (VM_PFNMAP | VM_IO)));
-
- rmd.pfn = pfn;
- rmd.prot = prot;
- /*
- * We use the err_ptr to indicate if there we are doing a contiguous
- * mapping or a discontigious mapping.
- */
- rmd.contiguous = !err_ptr;
- rmd.no_translate = no_translate;
-
- while (nr) {
- int index = 0;
- int done = 0;
- int batch = min(REMAP_BATCH_SIZE, nr);
- int batch_left = batch;
- range = (unsigned long)batch << PAGE_SHIFT;
-
- rmd.mmu_update = mmu_update;
- err = apply_to_page_range(vma->vm_mm, addr, range,
- remap_area_pfn_pte_fn, &rmd);
- if (err)
- goto out;
-
- /* We record the error for each page that gives an error, but
- * continue mapping until the whole set is done */
- do {
- int i;
-
- err = HYPERVISOR_mmu_update(&mmu_update[index],
- batch_left, &done, domid);
-
- /*
- * @err_ptr may be the same buffer as @gfn, so
- * only clear it after each chunk of @gfn is
- * used.
- */
- if (err_ptr) {
- for (i = index; i < index + done; i++)
- err_ptr[i] = 0;
- }
- if (err < 0) {
- if (!err_ptr)
- goto out;
- err_ptr[i] = err;
- done++; /* Skip failed frame. */
- } else
- mapped += done;
- batch_left -= done;
- index += done;
- } while (batch_left);
-
- nr -= batch;
- addr += range;
- if (err_ptr)
- err_ptr += batch;
- cond_resched();
- }
-out:
-
- xen_flush_tlb_all();
-
- return err < 0 ? err : mapped;
-}
-
-int xen_remap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t gfn, int nr,
- pgprot_t prot, unsigned domid,
- struct page **pages)
-{
- if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
- return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-
- return do_remap_pfn(vma, addr, &gfn, nr, NULL, prot, domid, false,
- pages);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_domain_gfn_range);
-
-int xen_remap_domain_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned domid, struct page **pages)
-{
- if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
- return xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(vma, addr, gfn, nr, err_ptr,
- prot, domid, pages);
-
- /* We BUG_ON because it's a programmer error to pass a NULL err_ptr,
- * and the consequences later is quite hard to detect what the actual
- * cause of "wrong memory was mapped in".
- */
- BUG_ON(err_ptr == NULL);
- return do_remap_pfn(vma, addr, gfn, nr, err_ptr, prot, domid,
- false, pages);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_domain_gfn_array);
-
-int xen_remap_domain_mfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *mfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned int domid, struct page **pages)
-{
- if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
- return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-
- return do_remap_pfn(vma, addr, mfn, nr, err_ptr, prot, domid,
- true, pages);
-}
-EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_domain_mfn_array);
-
/* Returns: 0 success */
int xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
int nr, struct page **pages)
diff --git a/arch/x86/xen/mmu_pv.c b/arch/x86/xen/mmu_pv.c
index 2fe5c9b1816b..b0691c7a3951 100644
--- a/arch/x86/xen/mmu_pv.c
+++ b/arch/x86/xen/mmu_pv.c
@@ -99,6 +99,12 @@ static pud_t level3_user_vsyscall[PTRS_PER_PUD] __page_aligned_bss;
#endif /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
/*
+ * Protects atomic reservation decrease/increase against concurrent increases.
+ * Also protects non-atomic updates of current_pages and balloon lists.
+ */
+DEFINE_SPINLOCK(xen_reservation_lock);
+
+/*
* Note about cr3 (pagetable base) values:
*
* xen_cr3 contains the current logical cr3 value; it contains the
@@ -2662,6 +2668,138 @@ void xen_destroy_contiguous_region(phys_addr_t pstart, unsigned int order)
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_destroy_contiguous_region);
+static noinline void xen_flush_tlb_all(void)
+{
+ struct mmuext_op *op;
+ struct multicall_space mcs;
+
+ preempt_disable();
+
+ mcs = xen_mc_entry(sizeof(*op));
+
+ op = mcs.args;
+ op->cmd = MMUEXT_TLB_FLUSH_ALL;
+ MULTI_mmuext_op(mcs.mc, op, 1, NULL, DOMID_SELF);
+
+ xen_mc_issue(PARAVIRT_LAZY_MMU);
+
+ preempt_enable();
+}
+
+#define REMAP_BATCH_SIZE 16
+
+struct remap_data {
+ xen_pfn_t *pfn;
+ bool contiguous;
+ bool no_translate;
+ pgprot_t prot;
+ struct mmu_update *mmu_update;
+};
+
+static int remap_area_pfn_pte_fn(pte_t *ptep, pgtable_t token,
+ unsigned long addr, void *data)
+{
+ struct remap_data *rmd = data;
+ pte_t pte = pte_mkspecial(mfn_pte(*rmd->pfn, rmd->prot));
+
+ /*
+ * If we have a contiguous range, just update the pfn itself,
+ * else update pointer to be "next pfn".
+ */
+ if (rmd->contiguous)
+ (*rmd->pfn)++;
+ else
+ rmd->pfn++;
+
+ rmd->mmu_update->ptr = virt_to_machine(ptep).maddr;
+ rmd->mmu_update->ptr |= rmd->no_translate ?
+ MMU_PT_UPDATE_NO_TRANSLATE :
+ MMU_NORMAL_PT_UPDATE;
+ rmd->mmu_update->val = pte_val_ma(pte);
+ rmd->mmu_update++;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+int xen_remap_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t *pfn, int nr, int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
+ unsigned int domid, bool no_translate, struct page **pages)
+{
+ int err = 0;
+ struct remap_data rmd;
+ struct mmu_update mmu_update[REMAP_BATCH_SIZE];
+ unsigned long range;
+ int mapped = 0;
+
+ BUG_ON(!((vma->vm_flags & (VM_PFNMAP | VM_IO)) == (VM_PFNMAP | VM_IO)));
+
+ rmd.pfn = pfn;
+ rmd.prot = prot;
+ /*
+ * We use the err_ptr to indicate if there we are doing a contiguous
+ * mapping or a discontigious mapping.
+ */
+ rmd.contiguous = !err_ptr;
+ rmd.no_translate = no_translate;
+
+ while (nr) {
+ int index = 0;
+ int done = 0;
+ int batch = min(REMAP_BATCH_SIZE, nr);
+ int batch_left = batch;
+
+ range = (unsigned long)batch << PAGE_SHIFT;
+
+ rmd.mmu_update = mmu_update;
+ err = apply_to_page_range(vma->vm_mm, addr, range,
+ remap_area_pfn_pte_fn, &rmd);
+ if (err)
+ goto out;
+
+ /*
+ * We record the error for each page that gives an error, but
+ * continue mapping until the whole set is done
+ */
+ do {
+ int i;
+
+ err = HYPERVISOR_mmu_update(&mmu_update[index],
+ batch_left, &done, domid);
+
+ /*
+ * @err_ptr may be the same buffer as @gfn, so
+ * only clear it after each chunk of @gfn is
+ * used.
+ */
+ if (err_ptr) {
+ for (i = index; i < index + done; i++)
+ err_ptr[i] = 0;
+ }
+ if (err < 0) {
+ if (!err_ptr)
+ goto out;
+ err_ptr[i] = err;
+ done++; /* Skip failed frame. */
+ } else
+ mapped += done;
+ batch_left -= done;
+ index += done;
+ } while (batch_left);
+
+ nr -= batch;
+ addr += range;
+ if (err_ptr)
+ err_ptr += batch;
+ cond_resched();
+ }
+out:
+
+ xen_flush_tlb_all();
+
+ return err < 0 ? err : mapped;
+}
+EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(xen_remap_pfn);
+
#ifdef CONFIG_KEXEC_CORE
phys_addr_t paddr_vmcoreinfo_note(void)
{
diff --git a/include/xen/interface/memory.h b/include/xen/interface/memory.h
index 4c5751c26f87..447004861f00 100644
--- a/include/xen/interface/memory.h
+++ b/include/xen/interface/memory.h
@@ -245,12 +245,6 @@ DEFINE_GUEST_HANDLE_STRUCT(xen_memory_map);
/*
- * Prevent the balloon driver from changing the memory reservation
- * during a driver critical region.
- */
-extern spinlock_t xen_reservation_lock;
-
-/*
* Unmaps the page appearing at a particular GPFN from the specified guest's
* pseudophysical address space.
* arg == addr of xen_remove_from_physmap_t.
diff --git a/include/xen/xen-ops.h b/include/xen/xen-ops.h
index fd18c974a619..18803ff76e27 100644
--- a/include/xen/xen-ops.h
+++ b/include/xen/xen-ops.h
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/notifier.h>
#include <linux/efi.h>
+#include <xen/features.h>
#include <asm/xen/interface.h>
#include <xen/interface/vcpu.h>
@@ -47,6 +48,10 @@ int xen_create_contiguous_region(phys_addr_t pstart, unsigned int order,
dma_addr_t *dma_handle);
void xen_destroy_contiguous_region(phys_addr_t pstart, unsigned int order);
+
+int xen_remap_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t *pfn, int nr, int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
+ unsigned int domid, bool no_translate, struct page **pages);
#else
static inline int xen_create_contiguous_region(phys_addr_t pstart,
unsigned int order,
@@ -58,10 +63,50 @@ static inline int xen_create_contiguous_region(phys_addr_t pstart,
static inline void xen_destroy_contiguous_region(phys_addr_t pstart,
unsigned int order) { }
+
+static inline int xen_remap_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t *pfn, int nr, int *err_ptr,
+ pgprot_t prot, unsigned int domid,
+ bool no_translate, struct page **pages)
+{
+ BUG();
+ return 0;
+}
#endif
struct vm_area_struct;
+#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_AUTO_XLATE
+int xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
+ int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
+ unsigned int domid,
+ struct page **pages);
+int xen_xlate_unmap_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ int nr, struct page **pages);
+#else
+/*
+ * These two functions are called from arch/x86/xen/mmu.c and so stubs
+ * are needed for a configuration not specifying CONFIG_XEN_AUTO_XLATE.
+ */
+static inline int xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
+ int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
+ unsigned int domid,
+ struct page **pages)
+{
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+
+static inline int xen_xlate_unmap_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ int nr, struct page **pages)
+{
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+}
+#endif
+
/*
* xen_remap_domain_gfn_array() - map an array of foreign frames by gfn
* @vma: VMA to map the pages into
@@ -79,12 +124,25 @@ struct vm_area_struct;
* Returns the number of successfully mapped frames, or a -ve error
* code.
*/
-int xen_remap_domain_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned domid,
- struct page **pages);
+static inline int xen_remap_domain_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
+ int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
+ unsigned int domid,
+ struct page **pages)
+{
+ if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
+ return xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(vma, addr, gfn, nr, err_ptr,
+ prot, domid, pages);
+
+ /* We BUG_ON because it's a programmer error to pass a NULL err_ptr,
+ * and the consequences later is quite hard to detect what the actual
+ * cause of "wrong memory was mapped in".
+ */
+ BUG_ON(err_ptr == NULL);
+ return xen_remap_pfn(vma, addr, gfn, nr, err_ptr, prot, domid,
+ false, pages);
+}
/*
* xen_remap_domain_mfn_array() - map an array of foreign frames by mfn
@@ -103,10 +161,18 @@ int xen_remap_domain_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
* Returns the number of successfully mapped frames, or a -ve error
* code.
*/
-int xen_remap_domain_mfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr, xen_pfn_t *mfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned int domid, struct page **pages);
+static inline int xen_remap_domain_mfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long addr, xen_pfn_t *mfn,
+ int nr, int *err_ptr,
+ pgprot_t prot, unsigned int domid,
+ struct page **pages)
+{
+ if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+
+ return xen_remap_pfn(vma, addr, mfn, nr, err_ptr, prot, domid,
+ true, pages);
+}
/* xen_remap_domain_gfn_range() - map a range of foreign frames
* @vma: VMA to map the pages into
@@ -120,44 +186,21 @@ int xen_remap_domain_mfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
* Returns the number of successfully mapped frames, or a -ve error
* code.
*/
-int xen_remap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t gfn, int nr,
- pgprot_t prot, unsigned domid,
- struct page **pages);
-int xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- int numpgs, struct page **pages);
-
-#ifdef CONFIG_XEN_AUTO_XLATE
-int xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned domid,
- struct page **pages);
-int xen_xlate_unmap_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- int nr, struct page **pages);
-#else
-/*
- * These two functions are called from arch/x86/xen/mmu.c and so stubs
- * are needed for a configuration not specifying CONFIG_XEN_AUTO_XLATE.
- */
-static inline int xen_xlate_remap_gfn_array(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- unsigned long addr,
- xen_pfn_t *gfn, int nr,
- int *err_ptr, pgprot_t prot,
- unsigned int domid,
- struct page **pages)
+static inline int xen_remap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ unsigned long addr,
+ xen_pfn_t gfn, int nr,
+ pgprot_t prot, unsigned int domid,
+ struct page **pages)
{
- return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-}
+ if (xen_feature(XENFEAT_auto_translated_physmap))
+ return -EOPNOTSUPP;
-static inline int xen_xlate_unmap_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
- int nr, struct page **pages)
-{
- return -EOPNOTSUPP;
+ return xen_remap_pfn(vma, addr, &gfn, nr, NULL, prot, domid, false,
+ pages);
}
-#endif
+
+int xen_unmap_domain_gfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
+ int numpgs, struct page **pages);
int xen_xlate_map_ballooned_pages(xen_pfn_t **pfns, void **vaddr,
unsigned long nr_grant_frames);