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authorMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>2019-04-14 15:51:10 -0300
committerMauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org>2019-07-15 09:20:24 -0300
commitdc7a12bdfccd94c31f79e294f16f7549bd411b49 (patch)
tree81da5ca148347b94c4539234f50d4bca6465e2f8 /Documentation/arm/memory.txt
parentdocs: early-userspace: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst (diff)
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docs: arm: convert docs to ReST and rename to *.rst
Converts ARM the text files to ReST, preparing them to be an architecture book. The conversion is actually: - add blank lines and identation in order to identify paragraphs; - fix tables markups; - add some lists markups; - mark literal blocks; - adjust title markups. At its new index.rst, let's add a :orphan: while this is not linked to the main index.rst file, in order to avoid build warnings. Signed-off-by: Mauro Carvalho Chehab <mchehab+samsung@kernel.org> Reviewed-by Corentin Labbe <clabbe.montjoie@gmail.com> # For sun4i-ss
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- Kernel Memory Layout on ARM Linux
-
- Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk>
- November 17, 2005 (2.6.15)
-
-This document describes the virtual memory layout which the Linux
-kernel uses for ARM processors. It indicates which regions are
-free for platforms to use, and which are used by generic code.
-
-The ARM CPU is capable of addressing a maximum of 4GB virtual memory
-space, and this must be shared between user space processes, the
-kernel, and hardware devices.
-
-As the ARM architecture matures, it becomes necessary to reserve
-certain regions of VM space for use for new facilities; therefore
-this document may reserve more VM space over time.
-
-Start End Use
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-ffff8000 ffffffff copy_user_page / clear_user_page use.
- For SA11xx and Xscale, this is used to
- setup a minicache mapping.
-
-ffff4000 ffffffff cache aliasing on ARMv6 and later CPUs.
-
-ffff1000 ffff7fff Reserved.
- Platforms must not use this address range.
-
-ffff0000 ffff0fff CPU vector page.
- The CPU vectors are mapped here if the
- CPU supports vector relocation (control
- register V bit.)
-
-fffe0000 fffeffff XScale cache flush area. This is used
- in proc-xscale.S to flush the whole data
- cache. (XScale does not have TCM.)
-
-fffe8000 fffeffff DTCM mapping area for platforms with
- DTCM mounted inside the CPU.
-
-fffe0000 fffe7fff ITCM mapping area for platforms with
- ITCM mounted inside the CPU.
-
-ffc00000 ffefffff Fixmap mapping region. Addresses provided
- by fix_to_virt() will be located here.
-
-fee00000 feffffff Mapping of PCI I/O space. This is a static
- mapping within the vmalloc space.
-
-VMALLOC_START VMALLOC_END-1 vmalloc() / ioremap() space.
- Memory returned by vmalloc/ioremap will
- be dynamically placed in this region.
- Machine specific static mappings are also
- located here through iotable_init().
- VMALLOC_START is based upon the value
- of the high_memory variable, and VMALLOC_END
- is equal to 0xff800000.
-
-PAGE_OFFSET high_memory-1 Kernel direct-mapped RAM region.
- This maps the platforms RAM, and typically
- maps all platform RAM in a 1:1 relationship.
-
-PKMAP_BASE PAGE_OFFSET-1 Permanent kernel mappings
- One way of mapping HIGHMEM pages into kernel
- space.
-
-MODULES_VADDR MODULES_END-1 Kernel module space
- Kernel modules inserted via insmod are
- placed here using dynamic mappings.
-
-00001000 TASK_SIZE-1 User space mappings
- Per-thread mappings are placed here via
- the mmap() system call.
-
-00000000 00000fff CPU vector page / null pointer trap
- CPUs which do not support vector remapping
- place their vector page here. NULL pointer
- dereferences by both the kernel and user
- space are also caught via this mapping.
-
-Please note that mappings which collide with the above areas may result
-in a non-bootable kernel, or may cause the kernel to (eventually) panic
-at run time.
-
-Since future CPUs may impact the kernel mapping layout, user programs
-must not access any memory which is not mapped inside their 0x0001000
-to TASK_SIZE address range. If they wish to access these areas, they
-must set up their own mappings using open() and mmap().