14 files changed, 158 insertions, 111 deletions

diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/sdma_v4_0.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/sdma_v4_0.c
index e8e4749e9c79..f0638db57111 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/sdma_v4_0.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/amdgpu/sdma_v4_0.c
@@ -2057,6 +2057,10 @@ static int sdma_v4_0_suspend(void *handle)
 {
 	struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
 
+	/* SMU saves SDMA state for us */
+	if (adev->in_s0ix)
+		return 0;
+
 	return sdma_v4_0_hw_fini(adev);
 }
 
@@ -2064,6 +2068,10 @@ static int sdma_v4_0_resume(void *handle)
 {
 	struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
 
+	/* SMU restores SDMA state for us */
+	if (adev->in_s0ix)
+		return 0;
+
 	return sdma_v4_0_hw_init(adev);
 }
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.c
index a4207293158c..2320bd750876 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.c
@@ -1238,21 +1238,37 @@ static int sienna_cichlid_populate_umd_state_clk(struct smu_context *smu)
 				&dpm_context->dpm_tables.soc_table;
 	struct smu_umd_pstate_table *pstate_table =
 				&smu->pstate_table;
+	struct amdgpu_device *adev = smu->adev;
 
 	pstate_table->gfxclk_pstate.min = gfx_table->min;
 	pstate_table->gfxclk_pstate.peak = gfx_table->max;
-	if (gfx_table->max >= SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK)
-		pstate_table->gfxclk_pstate.standard = SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK;
 
 	pstate_table->uclk_pstate.min = mem_table->min;
 	pstate_table->uclk_pstate.peak = mem_table->max;
-	if (mem_table->max >= SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK)
-		pstate_table->uclk_pstate.standard = SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK;
 
 	pstate_table->socclk_pstate.min = soc_table->min;
 	pstate_table->socclk_pstate.peak = soc_table->max;
-	if (soc_table->max >= SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK)
+
+	switch (adev->asic_type) {
+	case CHIP_SIENNA_CICHLID:
+	case CHIP_NAVY_FLOUNDER:
+		pstate_table->gfxclk_pstate.standard = SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK;
+		pstate_table->uclk_pstate.standard = SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK;
 		pstate_table->socclk_pstate.standard = SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK;
+		break;
+	case CHIP_DIMGREY_CAVEFISH:
+		pstate_table->gfxclk_pstate.standard = DIMGREY_CAVEFISH_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK;
+		pstate_table->uclk_pstate.standard = DIMGREY_CAVEFISH_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK;
+		pstate_table->socclk_pstate.standard = DIMGREY_CAVEFISH_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK;
+		break;
+	case CHIP_BEIGE_GOBY:
+		pstate_table->gfxclk_pstate.standard = BEIGE_GOBY_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK;
+		pstate_table->uclk_pstate.standard = BEIGE_GOBY_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK;
+		pstate_table->socclk_pstate.standard = BEIGE_GOBY_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK;
+		break;
+	default:
+		break;
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.h b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.h
index 38cd0ece24f6..42f705c7a36f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.h
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu11/sienna_cichlid_ppt.h
@@ -33,6 +33,14 @@ typedef enum {
 #define SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK    960
 #define SIENNA_CICHLID_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK    1000
 
+#define DIMGREY_CAVEFISH_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK 1950
+#define DIMGREY_CAVEFISH_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK 960
+#define DIMGREY_CAVEFISH_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK 676
+
+#define BEIGE_GOBY_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_GFXCLK 2200
+#define BEIGE_GOBY_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_SOCCLK 960
+#define BEIGE_GOBY_UMD_PSTATE_PROFILING_MEMCLK 1000
+
 extern void sienna_cichlid_set_ppt_funcs(struct smu_context *smu);
 
 #endif
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu13/yellow_carp_ppt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu13/yellow_carp_ppt.c
index caf1775d48ef..0bc84b709a93 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu13/yellow_carp_ppt.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/amd/pm/swsmu/smu13/yellow_carp_ppt.c
@@ -282,14 +282,9 @@ static int yellow_carp_post_smu_init(struct smu_context *smu)
 
 static int yellow_carp_mode_reset(struct smu_context *smu, int type)
 {
-	int ret = 0, index = 0;
-
-	index = smu_cmn_to_asic_specific_index(smu, CMN2ASIC_MAPPING_MSG,
-				SMU_MSG_GfxDeviceDriverReset);
-	if (index < 0)
-		return index == -EACCES ? 0 : index;
+	int ret = 0;
 
-	ret = smu_cmn_send_smc_msg_with_param(smu, (uint16_t)index, type, NULL);
+	ret = smu_cmn_send_smc_msg_with_param(smu, SMU_MSG_GfxDeviceDriverReset, type, NULL);
 	if (ret)
 		dev_err(smu->adev->dev, "Failed to mode reset!\n");
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic_uapi.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic_uapi.c
index 9781722519c3..54d62fdb4ef9 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic_uapi.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_atomic_uapi.c
@@ -76,15 +76,17 @@ int drm_atomic_set_mode_for_crtc(struct drm_crtc_state *state,
 	state->mode_blob = NULL;
 
 	if (mode) {
+		struct drm_property_blob *blob;
+
 		drm_mode_convert_to_umode(&umode, mode);
-		state->mode_blob =
-			drm_property_create_blob(state->crtc->dev,
-						 sizeof(umode),
-						 &umode);
-		if (IS_ERR(state->mode_blob))
-			return PTR_ERR(state->mode_blob);
+		blob = drm_property_create_blob(crtc->dev,
+						sizeof(umode), &umode);
+		if (IS_ERR(blob))
+			return PTR_ERR(blob);
 
 		drm_mode_copy(&state->mode, mode);
+
+		state->mode_blob = blob;
 		state->enable = true;
 		drm_dbg_atomic(crtc->dev,
 			       "Set [MODE:%s] for [CRTC:%d:%s] state %p\n",
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.c
index cefd0cbf9deb..dc275c466c9c 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/drm_gem_cma_helper.c
@@ -512,6 +512,7 @@ int drm_gem_cma_mmap(struct drm_gem_cma_object *cma_obj, struct vm_area_struct *
 	 */
 	vma->vm_pgoff -= drm_vma_node_start(&obj->vma_node);
 	vma->vm_flags &= ~VM_PFNMAP;
+	vma->vm_flags |= VM_DONTEXPAND;
 
 	if (cma_obj->map_noncoherent) {
 		vma->vm_page_prot = vm_get_page_prot(vma->vm_flags);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Kconfig b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Kconfig
index a4c94dc2e216..cfd932514da2 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Kconfig
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/Kconfig
@@ -101,6 +101,7 @@ config DRM_I915_USERPTR
 config DRM_I915_GVT
 	bool "Enable Intel GVT-g graphics virtualization host support"
 	depends on DRM_I915
+	depends on X86
 	depends on 64BIT
 	default n
 	help
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_fbc.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_fbc.c
index 160fd2bdafe5..957feeccff3f 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_fbc.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_fbc.c
@@ -1115,7 +1115,8 @@ static int intel_fbc_check_plane(struct intel_atomic_state *state,
 
 	/* Wa_22010751166: icl, ehl, tgl, dg1, rkl */
 	if (DISPLAY_VER(i915) >= 11 &&
-	    (plane_state->view.color_plane[0].y + drm_rect_height(&plane_state->uapi.src)) & 3) {
+	    (plane_state->view.color_plane[0].y +
+	     (drm_rect_height(&plane_state->uapi.src) >> 16)) & 3) {
 		plane_state->no_fbc_reason = "plane end Y offset misaligned";
 		return false;
 	}
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_opregion.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_opregion.c
index 0065111593a6..4a2662838cd8 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_opregion.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/display/intel_opregion.c
@@ -360,6 +360,21 @@ int intel_opregion_notify_encoder(struct intel_encoder *intel_encoder,
 		port++;
 	}
 
+	/*
+	 * The port numbering and mapping here is bizarre. The now-obsolete
+	 * swsci spec supports ports numbered [0..4]. Port E is handled as a
+	 * special case, but port F and beyond are not. The functionality is
+	 * supposed to be obsolete for new platforms. Just bail out if the port
+	 * number is out of bounds after mapping.
+	 */
+	if (port > 4) {
+		drm_dbg_kms(&dev_priv->drm,
+			    "[ENCODER:%d:%s] port %c (index %u) out of bounds for display power state notification\n",
+			    intel_encoder->base.base.id, intel_encoder->base.name,
+			    port_name(intel_encoder->port), port);
+		return -EINVAL;
+	}
+
 	if (!enable)
 		parm |= 4 << 8;
 
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_ttm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_ttm.c
index de3fe79b665a..1f880c8c66e7 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_ttm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gem/i915_gem_ttm.c
@@ -842,11 +842,9 @@ void i915_ttm_adjust_lru(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
 	} else if (obj->mm.madv != I915_MADV_WILLNEED) {
 		bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_PURGE;
 	} else if (!i915_gem_object_has_pages(obj)) {
-		if (bo->priority < I915_TTM_PRIO_HAS_PAGES)
-			bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_HAS_PAGES;
+		bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_NO_PAGES;
 	} else {
-		if (bo->priority > I915_TTM_PRIO_NO_PAGES)
-			bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_NO_PAGES;
+		bo->priority = I915_TTM_PRIO_HAS_PAGES;
 	}
 
 	ttm_bo_move_to_lru_tail(bo, bo->resource, NULL);
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/gtt.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/gtt.c
index 99d1781fa5f0..af79b39048f7 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/gtt.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/gvt/gtt.c
@@ -1148,7 +1148,7 @@ static inline void ppgtt_generate_shadow_entry(struct intel_gvt_gtt_entry *se,
 	ops->set_pfn(se, s->shadow_page.mfn);
 }
 
-/**
+/*
  * Check if can do 2M page
  * @vgpu: target vgpu
  * @entry: target pfn's gtt entry
@@ -2193,7 +2193,7 @@ static int emulate_ggtt_mmio_read(struct intel_vgpu *vgpu,
 }
 
 /**
- * intel_vgpu_emulate_gtt_mmio_read - emulate GTT MMIO register read
+ * intel_vgpu_emulate_ggtt_mmio_read - emulate GTT MMIO register read
  * @vgpu: a vGPU
  * @off: register offset
  * @p_data: data will be returned to guest
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
index 3edba7fd0c49..32bc155f5dc0 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/i915/intel_pm.c
@@ -4853,7 +4853,7 @@ static bool check_mbus_joined(u8 active_pipes,
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < dbuf_slices[i].active_pipes; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; dbuf_slices[i].active_pipes != 0; i++) {
 		if (dbuf_slices[i].active_pipes == active_pipes)
 			return dbuf_slices[i].join_mbus;
 	}
@@ -4870,7 +4870,7 @@ static u8 compute_dbuf_slices(enum pipe pipe, u8 active_pipes, bool join_mbus,
 {
 	int i;
 
-	for (i = 0; i < dbuf_slices[i].active_pipes; i++) {
+	for (i = 0; dbuf_slices[i].active_pipes != 0; i++) {
 		if (dbuf_slices[i].active_pipes == active_pipes &&
 		    dbuf_slices[i].join_mbus == join_mbus)
 			return dbuf_slices[i].dbuf_mask[pipe];
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/mediatek/mtk_dsi.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/mediatek/mtk_dsi.c
index 5d90d2eb0019..bced4c7d668e 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/mediatek/mtk_dsi.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/mediatek/mtk_dsi.c
@@ -786,18 +786,101 @@ void mtk_dsi_ddp_stop(struct device *dev)
 	mtk_dsi_poweroff(dsi);
 }
 
+static int mtk_dsi_encoder_init(struct drm_device *drm, struct mtk_dsi *dsi)
+{
+	int ret;
+
+	ret = drm_simple_encoder_init(drm, &dsi->encoder,
+				      DRM_MODE_ENCODER_DSI);
+	if (ret) {
+		DRM_ERROR("Failed to encoder init to drm\n");
+		return ret;
+	}
+
+	dsi->encoder.possible_crtcs = mtk_drm_find_possible_crtc_by_comp(drm, dsi->host.dev);
+
+	ret = drm_bridge_attach(&dsi->encoder, &dsi->bridge, NULL,
+				DRM_BRIDGE_ATTACH_NO_CONNECTOR);
+	if (ret)
+		goto err_cleanup_encoder;
+
+	dsi->connector = drm_bridge_connector_init(drm, &dsi->encoder);
+	if (IS_ERR(dsi->connector)) {
+		DRM_ERROR("Unable to create bridge connector\n");
+		ret = PTR_ERR(dsi->connector);
+		goto err_cleanup_encoder;
+	}
+	drm_connector_attach_encoder(dsi->connector, &dsi->encoder);
+
+	return 0;
+
+err_cleanup_encoder:
+	drm_encoder_cleanup(&dsi->encoder);
+	return ret;
+}
+
+static int mtk_dsi_bind(struct device *dev, struct device *master, void *data)
+{
+	int ret;
+	struct drm_device *drm = data;
+	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+	ret = mtk_dsi_encoder_init(drm, dsi);
+	if (ret)
+		return ret;
+
+	return device_reset_optional(dev);
+}
+
+static void mtk_dsi_unbind(struct device *dev, struct device *master,
+			   void *data)
+{
+	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
+
+	drm_encoder_cleanup(&dsi->encoder);
+}
+
+static const struct component_ops mtk_dsi_component_ops = {
+	.bind = mtk_dsi_bind,
+	.unbind = mtk_dsi_unbind,
+};
+
 static int mtk_dsi_host_attach(struct mipi_dsi_host *host,
 			       struct mipi_dsi_device *device)
 {
 	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = host_to_dsi(host);
+	struct device *dev = host->dev;
+	int ret;
 
 	dsi->lanes = device->lanes;
 	dsi->format = device->format;
 	dsi->mode_flags = device->mode_flags;
+	dsi->next_bridge = devm_drm_of_get_bridge(dev, dev->of_node, 0, 0);
+	if (IS_ERR(dsi->next_bridge))
+		return PTR_ERR(dsi->next_bridge);
+
+	drm_bridge_add(&dsi->bridge);
+
+	ret = component_add(host->dev, &mtk_dsi_component_ops);
+	if (ret) {
+		DRM_ERROR("failed to add dsi_host component: %d\n", ret);
+		drm_bridge_remove(&dsi->bridge);
+		return ret;
+	}
 
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int mtk_dsi_host_detach(struct mipi_dsi_host *host,
+			       struct mipi_dsi_device *device)
+{
+	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = host_to_dsi(host);
+
+	component_del(host->dev, &mtk_dsi_component_ops);
+	drm_bridge_remove(&dsi->bridge);
+	return 0;
+}
+
 static void mtk_dsi_wait_for_idle(struct mtk_dsi *dsi)
 {
 	int ret;
@@ -938,73 +1021,14 @@ static ssize_t mtk_dsi_host_transfer(struct mipi_dsi_host *host,
 
 static const struct mipi_dsi_host_ops mtk_dsi_ops = {
 	.attach = mtk_dsi_host_attach,
+	.detach = mtk_dsi_host_detach,
 	.transfer = mtk_dsi_host_transfer,
 };
 
-static int mtk_dsi_encoder_init(struct drm_device *drm, struct mtk_dsi *dsi)
-{
-	int ret;
-
-	ret = drm_simple_encoder_init(drm, &dsi->encoder,
-				      DRM_MODE_ENCODER_DSI);
-	if (ret) {
-		DRM_ERROR("Failed to encoder init to drm\n");
-		return ret;
-	}
-
-	dsi->encoder.possible_crtcs = mtk_drm_find_possible_crtc_by_comp(drm, dsi->host.dev);
-
-	ret = drm_bridge_attach(&dsi->encoder, &dsi->bridge, NULL,
-				DRM_BRIDGE_ATTACH_NO_CONNECTOR);
-	if (ret)
-		goto err_cleanup_encoder;
-
-	dsi->connector = drm_bridge_connector_init(drm, &dsi->encoder);
-	if (IS_ERR(dsi->connector)) {
-		DRM_ERROR("Unable to create bridge connector\n");
-		ret = PTR_ERR(dsi->connector);
-		goto err_cleanup_encoder;
-	}
-	drm_connector_attach_encoder(dsi->connector, &dsi->encoder);
-
-	return 0;
-
-err_cleanup_encoder:
-	drm_encoder_cleanup(&dsi->encoder);
-	return ret;
-}
-
-static int mtk_dsi_bind(struct device *dev, struct device *master, void *data)
-{
-	int ret;
-	struct drm_device *drm = data;
-	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
-
-	ret = mtk_dsi_encoder_init(drm, dsi);
-	if (ret)
-		return ret;
-
-	return device_reset_optional(dev);
-}
-
-static void mtk_dsi_unbind(struct device *dev, struct device *master,
-			   void *data)
-{
-	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = dev_get_drvdata(dev);
-
-	drm_encoder_cleanup(&dsi->encoder);
-}
-
-static const struct component_ops mtk_dsi_component_ops = {
-	.bind = mtk_dsi_bind,
-	.unbind = mtk_dsi_unbind,
-};
-
 static int mtk_dsi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 {
 	struct mtk_dsi *dsi;
 	struct device *dev = &pdev->dev;
-	struct drm_panel *panel;
 	struct resource *regs;
 	int irq_num;
 	int ret;
@@ -1021,19 +1045,6 @@ static int mtk_dsi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 		return ret;
 	}
 
-	ret = drm_of_find_panel_or_bridge(dev->of_node, 0, 0,
-					  &panel, &dsi->next_bridge);
-	if (ret)
-		goto err_unregister_host;
-
-	if (panel) {
-		dsi->next_bridge = devm_drm_panel_bridge_add(dev, panel);
-		if (IS_ERR(dsi->next_bridge)) {
-			ret = PTR_ERR(dsi->next_bridge);
-			goto err_unregister_host;
-		}
-	}
-
 	dsi->driver_data = of_device_get_match_data(dev);
 
 	dsi->engine_clk = devm_clk_get(dev, "engine");
@@ -1098,14 +1109,6 @@ static int mtk_dsi_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	dsi->bridge.of_node = dev->of_node;
 	dsi->bridge.type = DRM_MODE_CONNECTOR_DSI;
 
-	drm_bridge_add(&dsi->bridge);
-
-	ret = component_add(&pdev->dev, &mtk_dsi_component_ops);
-	if (ret) {
-		dev_err(&pdev->dev, "failed to add component: %d\n", ret);
-		goto err_unregister_host;
-	}
-
 	return 0;
 
 err_unregister_host:
@@ -1118,8 +1121,6 @@ static int mtk_dsi_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
 	struct mtk_dsi *dsi = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
 
 	mtk_output_dsi_disable(dsi);
-	drm_bridge_remove(&dsi->bridge);
-	component_del(&pdev->dev, &mtk_dsi_component_ops);
 	mipi_dsi_host_unregister(&dsi->host);
 
 	return 0;
diff --git a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/atombios_encoders.c b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/atombios_encoders.c
index 0fce73b9a646..70bd84b7ef2b 100644
--- a/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/atombios_encoders.c
+++ b/drivers/gpu/drm/radeon/atombios_encoders.c
@@ -198,7 +198,8 @@ void radeon_atom_backlight_init(struct radeon_encoder *radeon_encoder,
 	 * so don't register a backlight device
 	 */
 	if ((rdev->pdev->subsystem_vendor == PCI_VENDOR_ID_APPLE) &&
-	    (rdev->pdev->device == 0x6741))
+	    (rdev->pdev->device == 0x6741) &&
+	    !dmi_match(DMI_PRODUCT_NAME, "iMac12,1"))
 		return;
 
 	if (!radeon_encoder->enc_priv)