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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Use schedule_work() to avoid potentially taking the spinlock in
interrupt context.
Commit cc9fa74e2a ("slip/slcan: added locking in wakeup function") added
necessary locking to the wakeup function and 367525c8c2/ddcde142be ("can:
slcan: Fix spinlock variant") converted it to spin_lock_bh() because the lock
is also taken in timers.
Disabling softirqs is not sufficient, however, as tty drivers may call
write_wakeup from interrupt context. This driver calls tty->ops->write() with
its spinlock held, which may immediately cause an interrupt on the same CPU and
subsequent spin_bug().
Simply converting to spin_lock_irq/irqsave() prevents this deadlock, but
causes lockdep to point out a possible circular locking dependency
between these locks:
(&(&sl->lock)->rlock){-.....}, at: slip_write_wakeup
(&port_lock_key){-.....}, at: serial8250_handle_irq.part.13
The slip transmit is holding the slip spinlock when calling the tty write.
This grabs the port lock. On an interrupt, the handler grabs the port
lock and calls write_wakeup which grabs the slip lock. This could be a
problem if a serial interrupt occurs on another CPU during the slip
transmit.
To deal with these issues, don't grab the lock in the wakeup function by
deferring the writeout to a workqueue. Also hold the lock during close
when de-assigning the tty pointer to safely disarm the worker and
timers.
This bug is easily reproducible on the first transmit when slip is
used with the standard 8250 serial driver.
[<c0410b7c>] (spin_bug+0x0/0x38) from [<c006109c>] (do_raw_spin_lock+0x60/0x1d0)
r5:eab27000 r4:ec02754c
[<c006103c>] (do_raw_spin_lock+0x0/0x1d0) from [<c04185c0>] (_raw_spin_lock+0x28/0x2c)
r10:0000001f r9:eabb814c r8:eabb8140 r7:40070193 r6:ec02754c r5:eab27000
r4:ec02754c r3:00000000
[<c0418598>] (_raw_spin_lock+0x0/0x2c) from [<bf3a0220>] (slip_write_wakeup+0x50/0xe0 [slip])
r4:ec027540 r3:00000003
[<bf3a01d0>] (slip_write_wakeup+0x0/0xe0 [slip]) from [<c026e420>] (tty_wakeup+0x48/0x68)
r6:00000000 r5:ea80c480 r4:eab27000 r3:bf3a01d0
[<c026e3d8>] (tty_wakeup+0x0/0x68) from [<c028a8ec>] (uart_write_wakeup+0x2c/0x30)
r5:ed68ea90 r4:c06790d8
[<c028a8c0>] (uart_write_wakeup+0x0/0x30) from [<c028dc44>] (serial8250_tx_chars+0x114/0x170)
[<c028db30>] (serial8250_tx_chars+0x0/0x170) from [<c028dffc>] (serial8250_handle_irq+0xa0/0xbc)
r6:000000c2 r5:00000060 r4:c06790d8 r3:00000000
[<c028df5c>] (serial8250_handle_irq+0x0/0xbc) from [<c02933a4>] (dw8250_handle_irq+0x38/0x64)
r7:00000000 r6:edd2f390 r5:000000c2 r4:c06790d8
[<c029336c>] (dw8250_handle_irq+0x0/0x64) from [<c028d2f4>] (serial8250_interrupt+0x44/0xc4)
r6:00000000 r5:00000000 r4:c06791c4 r3:c029336c
[<c028d2b0>] (serial8250_interrupt+0x0/0xc4) from [<c0067fe4>] (handle_irq_event_percpu+0xb4/0x2b0)
r10:c06790d8 r9:eab27000 r8:00000000 r7:00000000 r6:0000001f r5:edd52980
r4:ec53b6c0 r3:c028d2b0
[<c0067f30>] (handle_irq_event_percpu+0x0/0x2b0) from [<c006822c>] (handle_irq_event+0x4c/0x6c)
r10:c06790d8 r9:eab27000 r8:c0673ae0 r7:c05c2020 r6:ec53b6c0 r5:edd529d4
r4:edd52980
[<c00681e0>] (handle_irq_event+0x0/0x6c) from [<c006b140>] (handle_level_irq+0xe8/0x100)
r6:00000000 r5:edd529d4 r4:edd52980 r3:00022000
[<c006b058>] (handle_level_irq+0x0/0x100) from [<c00676f8>] (generic_handle_irq+0x30/0x40)
r5:0000001f r4:0000001f
[<c00676c8>] (generic_handle_irq+0x0/0x40) from [<c000f57c>] (handle_IRQ+0xd0/0x13c)
r4:ea997b18 r3:000000e0
[<c000f4ac>] (handle_IRQ+0x0/0x13c) from [<c00086c4>] (armada_370_xp_handle_irq+0x4c/0x118)
r8:000003ff r7:ea997b18 r6:ffffffff r5:60070013 r4:c0674dc0
[<c0008678>] (armada_370_xp_handle_irq+0x0/0x118) from [<c0013840>] (__irq_svc+0x40/0x70)
Exception stack(0xea997b18 to 0xea997b60)
7b00: 00000001 20070013
7b20: 00000000 0000000b 20070013 eab27000 20070013 00000000 ed10103e eab27000
7b40: c06790d8 ea997b74 ea997b60 ea997b60 c04186c0 c04186c8 60070013 ffffffff
r9:eab27000 r8:ed10103e r7:ea997b4c r6:ffffffff r5:60070013 r4:c04186c8
[<c04186a4>] (_raw_spin_unlock_irqrestore+0x0/0x54) from [<c0288fc0>] (uart_start+0x40/0x44)
r4:c06790d8 r3:c028ddd8
[<c0288f80>] (uart_start+0x0/0x44) from [<c028982c>] (uart_write+0xe4/0xf4)
r6:0000003e r5:00000000 r4:ed68ea90 r3:0000003e
[<c0289748>] (uart_write+0x0/0xf4) from [<bf3a0d20>] (sl_xmit+0x1c4/0x228 [slip])
r10:ed388e60 r9:0000003c r8:ffffffdd r7:0000003e r6:ec02754c r5:ea717eb8
r4:ec027000
[<bf3a0b5c>] (sl_xmit+0x0/0x228 [slip]) from [<c0368d74>] (dev_hard_start_xmit+0x39c/0x6d0)
r8:eaf163c0 r7:ec027000 r6:ea717eb8 r5:00000000 r4:00000000
Signed-off-by: Tyler Hall <tylerwhall@gmail.com>
Cc: Oliver Hartkopp <socketcan@hartkopp.net>
Cc: Andre Naujoks <nautsch2@gmail.com>
Cc: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
Cc: linux-kernel@vger.kernel.org
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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Huang Pei
Greg Kroah-Hartman
Tyler Hall
Jeff Kirsher