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Many source files in the tree are missing licensing information, which
makes it harder for compliance tools to determine the correct license.
By default all files without license information are under the default
license of the kernel, which is GPL version 2.
Update the files which contain no license information with the 'GPL-2.0'
SPDX license identifier. The SPDX identifier is a legally binding
shorthand, which can be used instead of the full boiler plate text.
This patch is based on work done by Thomas Gleixner and Kate Stewart and
Philippe Ombredanne.
How this work was done:
Patches were generated and checked against linux-4.14-rc6 for a subset of
the use cases:
- file had no licensing information it it.
- file was a */uapi/* one with no licensing information in it,
- file was a */uapi/* one with existing licensing information,
Further patches will be generated in subsequent months to fix up cases
where non-standard license headers were used, and references to license
had to be inferred by heuristics based on keywords.
The analysis to determine which SPDX License Identifier to be applied to
a file was done in a spreadsheet of side by side results from of the
output of two independent scanners (ScanCode & Windriver) producing SPDX
tag:value files created by Philippe Ombredanne. Philippe prepared the
base worksheet, and did an initial spot review of a few 1000 files.
The 4.13 kernel was the starting point of the analysis with 60,537 files
assessed. Kate Stewart did a file by file comparison of the scanner
results in the spreadsheet to determine which SPDX license identifier(s)
to be applied to the file. She confirmed any determination that was not
immediately clear with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Criteria used to select files for SPDX license identifier tagging was:
- Files considered eligible had to be source code files.
- Make and config files were included as candidates if they contained >5
lines of source
- File already had some variant of a license header in it (even if <5
lines).
All documentation files were explicitly excluded.
The following heuristics were used to determine which SPDX license
identifiers to apply.
- when both scanners couldn't find any license traces, file was
considered to have no license information in it, and the top level
COPYING file license applied.
For non */uapi/* files that summary was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 11139
and resulted in the first patch in this series.
If that file was a */uapi/* path one, it was "GPL-2.0 WITH
Linux-syscall-note" otherwise it was "GPL-2.0". Results of that was:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|-------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 930
and resulted in the second patch in this series.
- if a file had some form of licensing information in it, and was one
of the */uapi/* ones, it was denoted with the Linux-syscall-note if
any GPL family license was found in the file or had no licensing in
it (per prior point). Results summary:
SPDX license identifier # files
---------------------------------------------------|------
GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note 270
GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 169
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-2-Clause) 21
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 17
LGPL-2.1+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 15
GPL-1.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 14
((GPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR BSD-3-Clause) 5
LGPL-2.0+ WITH Linux-syscall-note 4
LGPL-2.1 WITH Linux-syscall-note 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) OR MIT) 3
((GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note) AND MIT) 1
and that resulted in the third patch in this series.
- when the two scanners agreed on the detected license(s), that became
the concluded license(s).
- when there was disagreement between the two scanners (one detected a
license but the other didn't, or they both detected different
licenses) a manual inspection of the file occurred.
- In most cases a manual inspection of the information in the file
resulted in a clear resolution of the license that should apply (and
which scanner probably needed to revisit its heuristics).
- When it was not immediately clear, the license identifier was
confirmed with lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
- If there was any question as to the appropriate license identifier,
the file was flagged for further research and to be revisited later
in time.
In total, over 70 hours of logged manual review was done on the
spreadsheet to determine the SPDX license identifiers to apply to the
source files by Kate, Philippe, Thomas and, in some cases, confirmation
by lawyers working with the Linux Foundation.
Kate also obtained a third independent scan of the 4.13 code base from
FOSSology, and compared selected files where the other two scanners
disagreed against that SPDX file, to see if there was new insights. The
Windriver scanner is based on an older version of FOSSology in part, so
they are related.
Thomas did random spot checks in about 500 files from the spreadsheets
for the uapi headers and agreed with SPDX license identifier in the
files he inspected. For the non-uapi files Thomas did random spot checks
in about 15000 files.
In initial set of patches against 4.14-rc6, 3 files were found to have
copy/paste license identifier errors, and have been fixed to reflect the
correct identifier.
Additionally Philippe spent 10 hours this week doing a detailed manual
inspection and review of the 12,461 patched files from the initial patch
version early this week with:
- a full scancode scan run, collecting the matched texts, detected
license ids and scores
- reviewing anything where there was a license detected (about 500+
files) to ensure that the applied SPDX license was correct
- reviewing anything where there was no detection but the patch license
was not GPL-2.0 WITH Linux-syscall-note to ensure that the applied
SPDX license was correct
This produced a worksheet with 20 files needing minor correction. This
worksheet was then exported into 3 different .csv files for the
different types of files to be modified.
These .csv files were then reviewed by Greg. Thomas wrote a script to
parse the csv files and add the proper SPDX tag to the file, in the
format that the file expected. This script was further refined by Greg
based on the output to detect more types of files automatically and to
distinguish between header and source .c files (which need different
comment types.) Finally Greg ran the script using the .csv files to
generate the patches.
Reviewed-by: Kate Stewart <kstewart@linuxfoundation.org>
Reviewed-by: Philippe Ombredanne <pombredanne@nexb.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Kernel Panic is observed with a Qlogic 2472 Card is plugged into the
system and the qla2xxx driver is loaded:
QLogic Fibre Channel HBA Driver: 8.02.01.02.11.0-k9
vendor=8086 device=3410
qla2xxx 0000:05:00.0: PCI INT A -> GSI 40 (level, low) -> IRQ 40
qla2xxx 0000:05:00.0: Found an ISP2432, irq 40, iobase
0xffffc2001091c000
qla2xxx 0000:05:00.0: Configuring PCI space...
qla2xxx 0000:05:00.0: setting latency timer to 64
qla2xxx 0000:05:00.0: Configure NVRAM parameters...
BUG: unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at
0000000000000000
IP: [<ffffffff8036319a>] strncpy+0x5/0x1e
PGD 7c564067 PUD 78d8c067 PMD 0
Oops: 0000 [1] SMP
last sysfs file:
/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.1/usb6/6-2/6-2:1.1/input/input4/event
4/dev
CPU 1
Modules linked in: qla2xxx(+) squashfs usb_storage scsi_transport_fc
scsi_tgt parport_pc parport arc4 ecb crypto_blkcipher acpi_cpufreq fan
loop nfs nfs_acl lockd sunrpc nls_iso8859_1 nls_cp437 ipv6 af_packet st
sr_mod ide_disk ide_cd_mod ide_core cdrom usbhid hid ff_memless sg
sd_mod crc_t10dif uhci_hcd mptsas mptscsih ehci_hcd mptbase
scsi_transport_sas rtc_cmos rtc_core rtc_lib usbcore scsi_mod thermal
bnx2 button processor thermal_sys hwmon edd
Supported: Yes
Pid: 4415, comm: insmod Not tainted 2.6.27.13-1-default #1
RIP: 0010:[<ffffffff8036319a>] [<ffffffff8036319a>] strncpy+0x5/0x1e
RSP: 0018:ffff88007b04fbc0 EFLAGS: 00010202
RAX: 00000000000000b7 RBX: ffff88007b9641e0 RCX: ffff88007c1b2ad7
RDX: 000000000000004f RSI: 0000000000000000 RDI: ffff88007c1b2ad7
RBP: ffff88007c1b0620 R08: 0000000000000010 R09: 0000000100000000
R10: 0000000000000046 R11: ffffffff803651c6 R12: ffff88007b074000
R13: ffff88007b964000 R14: ffff88007c1b2ac6 R15: 0000000000000000
FS: 00007f91a6c366f0(0000) GS:ffff88007dbeee40(0000)
knlGS:0000000000000000
CS: 0010 DS: 0000 ES: 0000 CR0: 000000008005003b
CR2: 0000000000000000 CR3: 000000007bd7c000 CR4: 00000000000006e0
DR0: 0000000000000000 DR1: 0000000000000000 DR2: 0000000000000000
DR3: 0000000000000000 DR6: 00000000ffff0ff0 DR7: 0000000000000400
Process insmod (pid: 4415, threadinfo ffff88007b04e000, task
ffff880078586180)
Stack: ffffffffa02d82c4 0000000000002432 ffff88007d385000
ffff88007c1b0620
ffff88007c1b0620 ffff88007c1b0000 ffff88007d385000 0000000000002432
ffffffffa02dcb1e 0000000000002432 ffffc2001091c000 ffff88007c1b0620
Call Trace:
[<ffffffffa02d82c4>] qla24xx_nvram_config+0x385/0x6c2 [qla2xxx]
[<ffffffffa02dcb1e>] qla2x00_initialize_adapter+0x169/0x383 [qla2xxx]
[<ffffffffa02f2040>] qla2x00_probe_one+0x6bc/0x9c6 [qla2xxx]
[<ffffffff8037346f>] pci_device_probe+0xb8/0x105
[<ffffffff803e5a27>] really_probe+0xdd/0x1e5
[<ffffffff803e5c14>] __driver_attach+0x46/0x6d
[<ffffffff803e51e1>] bus_for_each_dev+0x44/0x78
[<ffffffff803e4ac7>] bus_add_driver+0xef/0x235
[<ffffffff803e5dd8>] driver_register+0xa2/0x11f
[<ffffffff803736fd>] __pci_register_driver+0x5d/0x90
[<ffffffffa0308126>] qla2x00_module_init+0x126/0x159 [qla2xxx]
[<ffffffff80209041>] _stext+0x41/0x110
[<ffffffff80260abd>] sys_init_module+0xa0/0x1ba
[<ffffffff8020bfbb>] system_call_fastpath+0x16/0x1b
[<00007f91a679b76a>] 0x7f91a679b76a
Code: ff c1 41 39 c0 75 05 45 85 c0 75 bf 41 29 c0 44 89 c0 c3 31 d2 8a
04 16 88 04 17 48 ff c2 84 c0 75 f3 48 89 f8 c3 48 89 f9 eb 10 <8a> 06
3c 01 88 01 48 83 de ff 48 ff c1 48 ff ca 48 85 d2 75 eb
RIP [<ffffffff8036319a>] strncpy+0x5/0x1e
RSP <ffff88007b04fbc0>
CR2: 0000000000000000
---[ end trace 829d7d78dfafb785 ]---
The attached patch fixes the issue.
Signed-off-by: Shyam Iyer <shyam_iyer@dell.com>
Acked-by: Seokmann Ju <Seokmann.ju@qlogic.com>
Signed-off-by: James Bottomley <James.Bottomley@HansenPartnership.com>
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Greg Kroah-Hartman
Shyam_Iyer@Dell.com
Andrew Vasquez
Linus Torvalds