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Zram has lived in staging for a LONG LONG time and have been
fixed/improved by many contributors so code is clean and stable now. Of
course, there are lots of product using zram in real practice.
The major TV companys have used zram as swap since two years ago and
recently our production team released android smart phone with zram
which is used as swap, too and recently Android Kitkat start to use zram
for small memory smart phone. And there was a report Google released
their ChromeOS with zram, too and cyanogenmod have been used zram long
time ago. And I heard some disto have used zram block device for tmpfs.
In addition, I saw many report from many other peoples. For example,
Lubuntu start to use it.
The benefit of zram is very clear. With my experience, one of the
benefit was to remove jitter of video application with backgroud memory
pressure. It would be effect of efficient memory usage by compression
but more issue is whether swap is there or not in the system. Recent
mobile platforms have used JAVA so there are many anonymous pages. But
embedded system normally are reluctant to use eMMC or SDCard as swap
because there is wear-leveling and latency issues so if we do not use
swap, it means we can't reclaim anoymous pages and at last, we could
encounter OOM kill. :(
Although we have real storage as swap, it was a problem, too. Because
it sometime ends up making system very unresponsible caused by slow swap
storage performance.
Quote from Luigi on Google
"Since Chrome OS was mentioned: the main reason why we don't use swap
to a disk (rotating or SSD) is because it doesn't degrade gracefully
and leads to a bad interactive experience. Generally we prefer to
manage RAM at a higher level, by transparently killing and restarting
processes. But we noticed that zram is fast enough to be competitive
with the latter, and it lets us make more efficient use of the
available RAM. " and he announced.
http://www.spinics.net/lists/linux-mm/msg57717.html
Other uses case is to use zram for block device. Zram is block device
so anyone can format the block device and mount on it so some guys on
the internet start zram as /var/tmp.
http://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-838198-start-0.html
Let's promote zram and enhance/maintain it instead of removing.
Signed-off-by: Minchan Kim <minchan@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Konrad Rzeszutek Wilk <konrad.wilk@oracle.com>
Acked-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Cc: Bob Liu <bob.liu@oracle.com>
Cc: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Cc: Hugh Dickins <hughd@google.com>
Cc: Jens Axboe <axboe@kernel.dk>
Cc: Luigi Semenzato <semenzato@google.com>
Cc: Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de>
Cc: Rik van Riel <riel@redhat.com>
Cc: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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Add missing angle bracket before and after the URL.
Signed-off-by: Masanari Iida <standby24x7@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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This patch switches zcache and zram dependency to ZSMALLOC
rather than X86. There is no net change since ZSMALLOC
depends on X86, however, this prevent further changes to
these files as zsmalloc dependencies change.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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linux/vmalloc.h added to zsmalloc-main.c to resolve implicit
declaration errors.
X86 dependency added to zsmalloc and dependent drivers zcache and zram.
This X86 only requirement is not ideal. Working to find portable
functions for __flush_tlb_one and set_pte.
Signed-off-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Replaces xvmalloc with zsmalloc as the compressed page allocator
for zram
Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Seth Jennings <sjenning@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
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Both zram and zcache use xvmalloc allocator. If xvmalloc
is compiled separately for both of them, we will get linker
error if they are both selected as "built-in". We can also
get linker error regarding missing xvmalloc symbols if zram
is not built.
So, we now compile xvmalloc separately and export its symbols
which are then used by both of zram and zcache.
Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Add a debug config flag to enable debug printk output and future
debug code.
Signed-off-by: Robert Jennings <rcj@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Reviewed-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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We can not configure zram device without sysfs anyway, so make zram
depends on it.
Signed-off-by: Jerome Marchand <jmarchan@redhat.com>
Acked-by: Jeff Moyer <jmoyer@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Creates per-device sysfs nodes in /sys/block/zram<id>/
Currently following stats are exported:
- disksize
- num_reads
- num_writes
- invalid_io
- zero_pages
- orig_data_size
- compr_data_size
- mem_used_total
By default, disksize is set to 0. So, to start using
a zram device, fist write a disksize value and then
initialize device by writing any positive value to
initstate. For example:
# initialize /dev/zram0 with 50MB disksize
echo 50*1024*1024 | bc > /sys/block/zram0/disksize
echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/initstate
When done using a disk, issue reset to free its memory
by writing any positive value to reset node:
echo 1 > /sys/block/zram0/reset
This change also obviates the need for 'rzscontrol' utility.
Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Fix 49 zram build errors in one swoop. Examples:
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:225: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:226: error: implicit declaration of function 'bio_for_each_segment'
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:226: error: expected ';' before '{' token
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:281: error: implicit declaration of function 'bio_endio'
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:285: error: implicit declaration of function 'bio_io_error'
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:545: error: implicit declaration of function 'set_capacity'
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:548: error: implicit declaration of function 'queue_flag_set_unlocked'
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:548: error: 'QUEUE_FLAG_NONROT' undeclared (first use in this function)
drivers/staging/zram/zram_drv.c:548: error: dereferencing pointer to incomplete type
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
Cc: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Related changes:
- Modify revelant Kconfig and Makefile accordingly.
- Change include filenames in code.
- Remove dependency on CONFIG_SWAP in Kconfig as zram usage
is no longer limited to swap disks.
Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <ngupta@vflare.org>
Acked-by: Pekka Enberg <penberg@cs.helsinki.fi>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
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Minchan Kim
Masanari Iida
Seth Jennings
Nitin Gupta
Robert Jennings
Jerome Marchand
Randy Dunlap