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2007-11-14lib: move bitmap.o from lib-y to obj-y.Paul Mundt1-2/+2
mac80211 has a reference to __bitmap_empty() via bitmap_empty(). In lib/bitmap.c this is flagged with an EXPORT_SYMBOL(), but this is ultimately ineffective due to bitmap.o being linked in lib-y, resulting in: ERROR: "__bitmap_empty" [net/mac80211/mac80211.ko] undefined! Moving bitmap.o to obj-y fixes this up. Signed-off-by: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: "John W. Linville" <linville@tuxdriver.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-19Fix cpusets update_cpumaskPaul Menage1-1/+1
Cause writes to cpuset "cpus" file to update cpus_allowed for member tasks: - collect batches of tasks under tasklist_lock and then call set_cpus_allowed() on them outside the lock (since this can sleep). - add a simple generic priority heap type to allow efficient collection of batches of tasks to be processed without duplicating or missing any tasks in subsequent batches. - make "cpus" file update a no-op if the mask hasn't changed - fix race between update_cpumask() and sched_setaffinity() by making sched_setaffinity() post-check that it's not running on any cpus outside cpuset_cpus_allowed(). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: coding-style fixes] Signed-off-by: Paul Menage <menage@google.com> Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com> Cc: Nick Piggin <nickpiggin@yahoo.com.au> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Cc: Balbir Singh <balbir@in.ibm.com> Cc: Cedric Le Goater <clg@fr.ibm.com> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Serge Hallyn <serue@us.ibm.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-17lib: floating proportionsPeter Zijlstra1-1/+2
Given a set of objects, floating proportions aims to efficiently give the proportional 'activity' of a single item as compared to the whole set. Where 'activity' is a measure of a temporal property of the items. It is efficient in that it need not inspect any other items of the set in order to provide the answer. It is not even needed to know how many other items there are. It has one parameter, and that is the period of 'time' over which the 'activity' is measured. Signed-off-by: Peter Zijlstra <a.p.zijlstra@chello.nl> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-10-12Driver core: exclude kobject_uevent.c for !CONFIG_HOTPLUGKay Sievers1-1/+2
Move uevent specific logic from the core into kobject_uevent.c, which does no longer require to link the unused string array if hotplug is not compiled in. Signed-off-by: Kay Sievers <kay.sievers@vrfy.org> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2007-10-07Move kasprintf.o to obj-yAlexey Dobriyan1-2/+2
Modulat lguest started giving linking errors MODPOST 1 modules ERROR: "kasprintf" [drivers/lguest/lg.ko] undefined! Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@sw.ru> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-08-22Introduce CONFIG_CHECK_SIGNATUREGeert Uytterhoeven1-1/+2
Introduce CONFIG_CHECK_SIGNATURE to control inclusion of check_signature() and avoid problems on platforms that don't have readb(). Let the few legacy (ISA || PCI || X86) drivers that need check_signature() select CONFIG_CHECK_SIGNATURE. Signed-off-by: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Alan Cox <alan@lxorguk.ukuu.org.uk> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-31lib: move kasprintf to a separate fileSam Ravnborg1-1/+1
kasprintf pulls in kmalloc which proved to be fatal for at least bootimage target on alpha. Move it to a separate file so only users of kasprintf are exposed to the dependency on kmalloc. Signed-off-by: Sam Ravnborg <sam@ravnborg.org> Cc: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Meelis Roos <mroos@linux.ee> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Jay Estabrook <jay.estabrook@hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-18add argv_split()Jeremy Fitzhardinge1-1/+1
argv_split() is a helper function which takes a string, splits it at whitespace, and returns a NULL-terminated argv vector. This is deliberately simple - it does no quote processing of any kind. [ Seems to me that this is something which is already being done in the kernel, but I couldn't find any other implementations, either to steal or replace. Keep an eye out. ] Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@xensource.com> Signed-off-by: Chris Wright <chrisw@sous-sol.org> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Cc: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com>
2007-07-17CRC7 supportJan Nikitenko1-0/+1
Add CRC7 routines, used for example in MMC over SPI communication. Kerneldoc updates [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix funny mix of const and non-const] Signed-off-by: Jan Nikitenko <jan.nikitenko@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: David Brownell <dbrownell@users.sourceforge.net> Cc: "Randy.Dunlap" <rdunlap@xenotime.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-16Make check_signature depend on CONFIG_HAS_IOMEMLinus Torvalds1-2/+2
This should avoid build problems on architectures without a "readb()", that got bitten by check_signature() being uninlined. Noted by Heiko Carstens. Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-16uninline check_signature()Andrew Morton1-1/+1
This is a rather bizarre thing to have inlined in io.h. Stick it in lib/ instead. While we're there, despaghetti it a bit, and fix its off-by-one behaviour when passed a zero length. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-07-10Add LZO1X algorithm to the kernelRichard Purdie1-0/+2
This is a hybrid version of the patch to add the LZO1X compression algorithm to the kernel. Nitin and myself have merged the best parts of the various patches to form this version which we're both happy with (and are jointly signing off). The performance of this version is equivalent to the original minilzo code it was based on. Bytecode comparisons have also been made on ARM, i386 and x86_64 with favourable results. There are several users of LZO lined up including jffs2, crypto and reiser4 since its much faster than zlib. Signed-off-by: Nitin Gupta <nitingupta910@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Richard Purdie <rpurdie@openedhand.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-11lib/hexdumpRandy Dunlap1-1/+1
Based on ace_dump_mem() from Grant Likely for the Xilinx SystemACE CompactFlash interface. Add print_hex_dump() & hex_dumper() to lib/hexdump.c and linux/kernel.h. This patch adds the functions print_hex_dump() & hex_dumper(). print_hex_dump() can be used to perform a hex + ASCII dump of data to syslog, in an easily viewable format, thus providing a common text hex dump format. hex_dumper() provides a dump-to-memory function. It converts one "line" of output (16 bytes of input) at a time. Example usages: print_hex_dump(KERN_DEBUG, DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS, frame->data, frame->len); hex_dumper(frame->data, frame->len, linebuf, sizeof(linebuf)); Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_OFFSET: 0009ab42: 40414243 44454647 48494a4b 4c4d4e4f-@ABCDEFG HIJKLMNO Example output using %DUMP_PREFIX_ADDRESS: ffffffff88089af0: 70717273 74757677 78797a7b 7c7d7e7f-pqrstuvw xyz{|}~. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: cleanups, add export] Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-10Merge branch 'juju' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6Linus Torvalds1-0/+1
* 'juju' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ieee1394/linux1394-2.6: (138 commits) firewire: Convert OHCI driver to use standard goto unwinding for error handling. firewire: Always use parens with sizeof. firewire: Drop single buffer request support. firewire: Add a comment to describe why we split the sg list. firewire: Return SCSI_MLQUEUE_HOST_BUSY for out of memory cases in queuecommand. firewire: Handle the last few DMA mapping error cases. firewire: Allocate scsi_host up front and allocate the sbp2_device as hostdata. firewire: Provide module aliase for backwards compatibility. firewire: Add to fw-core-y instead of assigning fw-core-objs in Makefile. firewire: Break out shared IEEE1394 constant to separate header file. firewire: Use linux/*.h instead of asm/*.h header files. firewire: Uppercase most macro names. firewire: Coding style cleanup: no spaces after function names. firewire: Convert card_rwsem to a regular mutex. firewire: Clean up comment style. firewire: Use lib/ implementation of CRC ITU-T. CRC ITU-T V.41 firewire: Rename fw-device-cdev.c to fw-cdev.c and move header to include/linux. firewire: Future proof the iso ioctls by adding a handle for the iso context. firewire: Add read/write and size annotations to IOC numbers. ... Acked-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-05-10CRC ITU-T V.41Ivo van Doorn1-0/+1
This will add the CRC calculation according to the CRC ITU-T V.41 to the kernel lib/ folder. This code has been derived from the rt2x00 driver, currently found only in the wireless-dev tree, but this library is generic and could be used by more drivers who currently use their own implementation. Signed-off-by: Ivo van Doorn <IvDoorn@gmail.com> Also useful for the new firewire stack. Signed-off-by: Kristian Hoegsberg <krh@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Stefan Richter <stefanr@s5r6.in-berlin.de>
2007-04-25[NET]: div64_64 consolidate (rev3)Stephen Hemminger1-2/+3
Here is the current version of the 64 bit divide common code. Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2007-02-11[PATCH] sort the devres mess outAl Viro1-3/+3
* Split the implementation-agnostic stuff in separate files. * Make sure that targets using non-default request_irq() pull kernel/irq/devres.o * Introduce new symbols (HAS_IOPORT and HAS_IOMEM) defaulting to positive; allow architectures to turn them off (we needed these symbols anyway for dependencies of quite a few drivers). * protect the ioport-related parts of lib/devres.o with CONFIG_HAS_IOPORT. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-02-11[PATCH] Consolidate bust_spinlocks()Kirill Korotaev1-2/+3
Part of long forgotten patch http://groups.google.com/group/fa.linux.kernel/msg/e98e941ce1cf29f6?dmode=source Since then, m32r grabbed two copies. Leave s390 copy because of important absence of CONFIG_VT, but remove references to non-existent timerlist_lock. ia64 also loses timerlist_lock. Signed-off-by: Alexey Dobriyan <adobriyan@openvz.org> Acked-by: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2007-02-09iomap: iomap should be in obj-y not in lib-yTejun Heo1-2/+2
devres change moved iomap.o from obj-$(CONFIG_GENERIC_IOMAP) to lib-y making it not linked if no in-kernel driver uses it. Fix it. Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
2007-02-09devres: device resource managementTejun Heo1-2/+1
Implement device resource management, in short, devres. A device driver can allocate arbirary size of devres data which is associated with a release function. On driver detach, release function is invoked on the devres data, then, devres data is freed. devreses are typed by associated release functions. Some devreses are better represented by single instance of the type while others need multiple instances sharing the same release function. Both usages are supported. devreses can be grouped using devres group such that a device driver can easily release acquired resources halfway through initialization or selectively release resources (e.g. resources for port 1 out of 4 ports). This patch adds devres core including documentation and the following managed interfaces. * alloc/free : devm_kzalloc(), devm_kzfree() * IO region : devm_request_region(), devm_release_region() * IRQ : devm_request_irq(), devm_free_irq() * DMA : dmam_alloc_coherent(), dmam_free_coherent(), dmam_declare_coherent_memory(), dmam_pool_create(), dmam_pool_destroy() * PCI : pcim_enable_device(), pcim_pin_device(), pci_is_managed() * iomap : devm_ioport_map(), devm_ioport_unmap(), devm_ioremap(), devm_ioremap_nocache(), devm_iounmap(), pcim_iomap_table(), pcim_iomap(), pcim_iounmap() Signed-off-by: Tejun Heo <htejun@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Jeff Garzik <jeff@garzik.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] uml problems with linux/io.hAl Viro1-1/+2
Remove useless includes of linux/io.h, don't even try to build iomap_copy on uml (it doesn't have readb() et.al., so...) Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Acked-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-13[PATCH] SLAB: use a multiply instead of a divide in obj_to_index()Eric Dumazet1-1/+1
When some objects are allocated by one CPU but freed by another CPU we can consume lot of cycles doing divides in obj_to_index(). (Typical load on a dual processor machine where network interrupts are handled by one particular CPU (allocating skbufs), and the other CPU is running the application (consuming and freeing skbufs)) Here on one production server (dual-core AMD Opteron 285), I noticed this divide took 1.20 % of CPU_CLK_UNHALTED events in kernel. But Opteron are quite modern cpus and the divide is much more expensive on oldest architectures : On a 200 MHz sparcv9 machine, the division takes 64 cycles instead of 1 cycle for a multiply. Doing some math, we can use a reciprocal multiplication instead of a divide. If we want to compute V = (A / B) (A and B being u32 quantities) we can instead use : V = ((u64)A * RECIPROCAL(B)) >> 32 ; where RECIPROCAL(B) is precalculated to ((1LL << 32) + (B - 1)) / B Note : I wrote pure C code for clarity. gcc output for i386 is not optimal but acceptable : mull 0x14(%ebx) mov %edx,%eax // part of the >> 32 xor %edx,%edx // useless mov %eax,(%esp) // could be avoided mov %edx,0x4(%esp) // useless mov (%esp),%ebx [akpm@osdl.org: small cleanups] Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <dada1@cosmosbay.com> Cc: Christoph Lameter <clameter@sgi.com> Cc: David Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08[PATCH] fault-injection capabilities infrastructureAkinobu Mita1-0/+1
This patch provides base functions implement to fault-injection capabilities. - The function should_fail() is taken from failmalloc-1.0 (http://www.nongnu.org/failmalloc/) [akpm@osdl.org: cleanups, comments, add __init] Cc: <okuji@enbug.org> Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <dwm@meer.net> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08[PATCH] bit reverse libraryAkinobu Mita1-0/+1
This patch provides two bit reverse functions and bit reverse table. - reverse the order of bits in a u32 value u8 bitrev8(u8 x); - reverse the order of bits in a u32 value u32 bitrev32(u32 x); - byte reverse table const u8 byte_rev_table[256]; Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-08[PATCH] Generic BUG implementationJeremy Fitzhardinge1-0/+2
This patch adds common handling for kernel BUGs, for use by architectures as they wish. The code is derived from arch/powerpc. The advantages of having common BUG handling are: - consistent BUG reporting across architectures - shared implementation of out-of-line file/line data - implement CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE consistently This means that in inline impact of BUG is just the illegal instruction itself, which is an improvement for i386 and x86-64. A BUG is represented in the instruction stream as an illegal instruction, which has file/line information associated with it. This extra information is stored in the __bug_table section in the ELF file. When the kernel gets an illegal instruction, it first confirms it might possibly be from a BUG (ie, in kernel mode, the right illegal instruction). It then calls report_bug(). This searches __bug_table for a matching instruction pointer, and if found, prints the corresponding file/line information. If report_bug() determines that it wasn't a BUG which caused the trap, it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_NONE. Some architectures (powerpc) implement WARN using the same mechanism; if the illegal instruction was the result of a WARN, then report_bug(Q) returns CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE; otherwise it returns BUG_TRAP_TYPE_BUG. lib/bug.c keeps a list of loaded modules which can be searched for __bug_table entries. The architecture must call module_bug_finalize()/module_bug_cleanup() from its corresponding module_finalize/cleanup functions. Unsetting CONFIG_DEBUG_BUGVERBOSE will reduce the kernel size by some amount. At the very least, filename and line information will not be recorded for each but, but architectures may decide to store no extra information per BUG at all. Unfortunately, gcc doesn't have a general way to mark an asm() as noreturn, so architectures will generally have to include an infinite loop (or similar) in the BUG code, so that gcc knows execution won't continue beyond that point. gcc does have a __builtin_trap() operator which may be useful to achieve the same effect, unfortunately it cannot be used to actually implement the BUG itself, because there's no way to get the instruction's address for use in generating the __bug_table entry. [randy.dunlap@oracle.com: Handle BUG=n, GENERIC_BUG=n to prevent build errors] [bunk@stusta.de: include/linux/bug.h must always #include <linux/module.h] Signed-off-by: Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Hugh Dickens <hugh@veritas.com> Cc: Michael Ellerman <michael@ellerman.id.au> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-12-07[PATCH] lib functions: always build hweight for loadable modulesRandy Dunlap1-1/+1
Always build hweight8/16/32/64() functions into the kernel so that loadable modules may use them. I didn't remove GENERIC_HWEIGHT since ALPHA_EV67, ia64, and some variants of UltraSparc(64) provide their own hweight functions. Fixes config/build problems with NTFS=m and JOYSTICK_ANALOG=m. Kernel: arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage is ready (#19) Building modules, stage 2. MODPOST 94 modules WARNING: "hweight32" [fs/ntfs/ntfs.ko] undefined! WARNING: "hweight16" [drivers/input/joystick/analog.ko] undefined! WARNING: "hweight8" [drivers/input/joystick/analog.ko] undefined! make[1]: *** [__modpost] Error 1 make: *** [modules] Error 2 Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <randy.dunlap@oracle.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-17[PATCH] remove carta_random32Andrew Morton1-1/+1
This library function should be in obj-y and not in lib-y. But when we do that it clashes unpleasantly with the assembly-language implementation in the ia64 architecture. Instead of trying to fix it all up, just remove the generic carta_random32 in the expectation that the recently-made-generic random32() will suffice. If/when perfmon is migrated to random32, ia64's private carta_random32 implementation can also be removed. Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-17[PATCH] rename net_random to random32Stephen Hemminger1-1/+1
Make net_random() more widely available by calling it random32 akpm: hopefully this will permit the removal of carta_random32. That needs confirmation from Stephane - this code looks somewhat more computationally expensive, and has a different (ie: callee-stateful) interface. [akpm@osdl.org: lots of build fixes, cleanups] Signed-off-by: Stephen Hemminger <shemminger@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Stephane Eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-11[PATCH] Add carta_random32() library routineStephane Eranian1-1/+1
This is a follow-up patch based on the review for perfmon2. This patch adds the carta_random32() library routine + carta_random32.h header file. This is fast, simple, and efficient pseudo number generator algorithm. We use it in perfmon2 to randomize the sampling periods. In this context, we do not need any fancy randomizer. Signed-off-by: stephane eranian <eranian@hpl.hp.com> Cc: David Mosberger <david.mosberger@acm.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-05IRQ: Maintain regs pointer globally rather than passing to IRQ handlersDavid Howells1-1/+1
Maintain a per-CPU global "struct pt_regs *" variable which can be used instead of passing regs around manually through all ~1800 interrupt handlers in the Linux kernel. The regs pointer is used in few places, but it potentially costs both stack space and code to pass it around. On the FRV arch, removing the regs parameter from all the genirq function results in a 20% speed up of the IRQ exit path (ie: from leaving timer_interrupt() to leaving do_IRQ()). Where appropriate, an arch may override the generic storage facility and do something different with the variable. On FRV, for instance, the address is maintained in GR28 at all times inside the kernel as part of general exception handling. Having looked over the code, it appears that the parameter may be handed down through up to twenty or so layers of functions. Consider a USB character device attached to a USB hub, attached to a USB controller that posts its interrupts through a cascaded auxiliary interrupt controller. A character device driver may want to pass regs to the sysrq handler through the input layer which adds another few layers of parameter passing. I've build this code with allyesconfig for x86_64 and i386. I've runtested the main part of the code on FRV and i386, though I can't test most of the drivers. I've also done partial conversion for powerpc and MIPS - these at least compile with minimal configurations. This will affect all archs. Mostly the changes should be relatively easy. Take do_IRQ(), store the regs pointer at the beginning, saving the old one: struct pt_regs *old_regs = set_irq_regs(regs); And put the old one back at the end: set_irq_regs(old_regs); Don't pass regs through to generic_handle_irq() or __do_IRQ(). In timer_interrupt(), this sort of change will be necessary: - update_process_times(user_mode(regs)); - profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING, regs); + update_process_times(user_mode(get_irq_regs())); + profile_tick(CPU_PROFILING); I'd like to move update_process_times()'s use of get_irq_regs() into itself, except that i386, alone of the archs, uses something other than user_mode(). Some notes on the interrupt handling in the drivers: (*) input_dev() is now gone entirely. The regs pointer is no longer stored in the input_dev struct. (*) finish_unlinks() in drivers/usb/host/ohci-q.c needs checking. It does something different depending on whether it's been supplied with a regs pointer or not. (*) Various IRQ handler function pointers have been moved to type irq_handler_t. Signed-Off-By: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> (cherry picked from 1b16e7ac850969f38b375e511e3fa2f474a33867 commit)
2006-10-02[PATCH] remove remaining errno and __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ referencesArnd Bergmann1-3/+1
The last in-kernel user of errno is gone, so we should remove the definition and everything referring to it. This also removes the now-unused lib/execve.c file that was introduced earlier. Also remove every trace of __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ that still remained in the kernel. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata.hirokazu@renesas.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp> Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk> Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-02[PATCH] introduce kernel_execveArnd Bergmann1-0/+2
The use of execve() in the kernel is dubious, since it relies on the __KERNEL_SYSCALLS__ mechanism that stores the result in a global errno variable. As a first step of getting rid of this, change all users to a global kernel_execve function that returns a proper error code. This function is a terrible hack, and a later patch removes it again after the kernel syscalls are gone. Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann <arnd@arndb.de> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Cc: Paul Mackerras <paulus@samba.org> Cc: Benjamin Herrenschmidt <benh@kernel.crashing.org> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Ian Molton <spyro@f2s.com> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Cc: Yoshinori Sato <ysato@users.sourceforge.jp> Cc: Hirokazu Takata <takata.hirokazu@renesas.com> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@mcmartin.ca> Cc: Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Cc: Kazumoto Kojima <kkojima@rr.iij4u.or.jp> Cc: Richard Curnow <rc@rc0.org.uk> Cc: William Lee Irwin III <wli@holomorphy.com> Cc: "David S. Miller" <davem@davemloft.net> Cc: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Cc: Paolo 'Blaisorblade' Giarrusso <blaisorblade@yahoo.it> Cc: Miles Bader <uclinux-v850@lsi.nec.co.jp> Cc: Chris Zankel <chris@zankel.net> Cc: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Cc: Roman Zippel <zippel@linux-m68k.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-10-01[PATCH] Generic ioremap_page_range: implementationHaavard Skinnemoen1-0/+1
This patch adds a generic implementation of ioremap_page_range() in lib/ioremap.c based on the i386 implementation. It differs from the i386 version in the following ways: * The PTE flags are passed as a pgprot_t argument and must be determined up front by the arch-specific code. No additional PTE flags are added. * Uses set_pte_at() instead of set_pte() [bunk@stusta.de: warning fix] ]dhowells@redhat.com: nommu build fix] Signed-off-by: Haavard Skinnemoen <hskinnemoen@atmel.com> Cc: Richard Henderson <rth@twiddle.net> Cc: Ivan Kokshaysky <ink@jurassic.park.msu.ru> Cc: Russell King <rmk@arm.linux.org.uk> Cc: Mikael Starvik <starvik@axis.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Cc: <linux-m32r@ml.linux-m32r.org> Cc: Ralf Baechle <ralf@linux-mips.org> Cc: Kyle McMartin <kyle@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Martin Schwidefsky <schwidefsky@de.ibm.com> Cc: Paul Mundt <lethal@linux-sh.org> Signed-off-by: Adrian Bunk <bunk@stusta.de> Signed-off-by: David Howells <dhowells@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-29[PATCH] Debug variants of linked list macrosDave Jones1-0/+1
Signed-off-by: Dave Jones <davej@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-09-12[PATCH] syscall class hookup for all normal targetsAl Viro1-0/+1
Take default arch/*/kernel/audit.c to lib/, have those with special needs (== biarch) define AUDIT_ARCH in their Kconfig. Signed-off-by: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
2006-07-03[PATCH] lockdep: locking API self testsIngo Molnar1-0/+1
Introduce DEBUG_LOCKING_API_SELFTESTS, which uses the generic lock debugging code's silent-failure feature to run a matrix of testcases. There are 210 testcases currently: +----------------------- | Locking API testsuite: +------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ | spin |wlock |rlock |mutex | wsem | rsem | -------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+------+ A-A deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | A-B-B-A deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | A-B-B-C-C-A deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | A-B-C-A-B-C deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | A-B-B-C-C-D-D-A deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | A-B-C-D-B-D-D-A deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | A-B-C-D-B-C-D-A deadlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | double unlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | bad unlock order: ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | ok | --------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+ recursive read-lock: | ok | | ok | --------------------------------------+------+------+------+------+------+ non-nested unlock: ok | ok | ok | ok | --------------------------------------+------+------+------+ hard-irqs-on + irq-safe-A/12: ok | ok | ok | soft-irqs-on + irq-safe-A/12: ok | ok | ok | hard-irqs-on + irq-safe-A/21: ok | ok | ok | soft-irqs-on + irq-safe-A/21: ok | ok | ok | sirq-safe-A => hirqs-on/12: ok | ok | ok | sirq-safe-A => hirqs-on/21: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + irqs-on/12: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + irqs-on/12: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + irqs-on/21: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + irqs-on/21: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/123: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/123: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/132: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/132: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/213: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/213: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/231: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/231: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/312: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/312: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/321: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #1/321: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/123: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/123: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/132: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/132: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/213: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/213: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/231: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/231: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/312: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/312: ok | ok | ok | hard-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/321: ok | ok | ok | soft-safe-A + unsafe-B #2/321: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq lock-inversion/123: ok | ok | ok | soft-irq lock-inversion/123: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq lock-inversion/132: ok | ok | ok | soft-irq lock-inversion/132: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq lock-inversion/213: ok | ok | ok | soft-irq lock-inversion/213: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq lock-inversion/231: ok | ok | ok | soft-irq lock-inversion/231: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq lock-inversion/312: ok | ok | ok | soft-irq lock-inversion/312: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq lock-inversion/321: ok | ok | ok | soft-irq lock-inversion/321: ok | ok | ok | hard-irq read-recursion/123: ok | soft-irq read-recursion/123: ok | hard-irq read-recursion/132: ok | soft-irq read-recursion/132: ok | hard-irq read-recursion/213: ok | soft-irq read-recursion/213: ok | hard-irq read-recursion/231: ok | soft-irq read-recursion/231: ok | hard-irq read-recursion/312: ok | soft-irq read-recursion/312: ok | hard-irq read-recursion/321: ok | soft-irq read-recursion/321: ok | --------------------------------+-----+---------------- Good, all 210 testcases passed! | --------------------------------+ Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-07-03[PATCH] lockdep: better lock debuggingIngo Molnar1-1/+1
Generic lock debugging: - generalized lock debugging framework. For example, a bug in one lock subsystem turns off debugging in all lock subsystems. - got rid of the caller address passing (__IP__/__IP_DECL__/etc.) from the mutex/rtmutex debugging code: it caused way too much prototype hackery, and lockdep will give the same information anyway. - ability to do silent tests - check lock freeing in vfree too. - more finegrained debugging options, to allow distributions to turn off more expensive debugging features. There's no separate 'held mutexes' list anymore - but there's a 'held locks' stack within lockdep, which unifies deadlock detection across all lock classes. (this is independent of the lockdep validation stuff - lockdep first checks whether we are holding a lock already) Here are the current debugging options: CONFIG_DEBUG_MUTEXES=y CONFIG_DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC=y which do: config DEBUG_MUTEXES bool "Mutex debugging, basic checks" config DEBUG_LOCK_ALLOC bool "Detect incorrect freeing of live mutexes" Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-27[PATCH] pi-futex: add plist implementationIngo Molnar1-0/+1
Add the priority-sorted list (plist) implementation. Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-06-23[PATCH] percpu_counters: create lib/percpu_counter.cRavikiran G Thirumalai1-0/+1
- Move percpu_counter routines from mm/swap.c to lib/percpu_counter.c Signed-off-by: Ravikiran Thirumalai <kiran@scalex86.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-03-26[PATCH] bitops: generic hweight{64,32,16,8}()Akinobu Mita1-0/+1
This patch introduces the C-language equivalents of the functions below: unsigned int hweight32(unsigned int w); unsigned int hweight16(unsigned int w); unsigned int hweight8(unsigned int w); unsigned long hweight64(__u64 w); In include/asm-generic/bitops/hweight.h This code largely copied from: include/linux/bitops.h Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <mita@miraclelinux.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-03-25[PATCH] cpumask: uninline first_cpu()Andrew Morton1-0/+2
text data bss dec hex filename before: 3490577 1322408 360000 5172985 4eeef9 vmlinux after: 3488027 1322496 360128 5170651 4ee5db vmlinux Cc: Paul Jackson <pj@sgi.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2006-02-01[PATCH] Introduce __iowrite32_copyBryan O'Sullivan1-1/+1
This arch-independent routine copies data to a memory-mapped I/O region, using 32-bit accesses. The naming is double-underscored to make it clear that it does not guarantee write ordering, nor does it perform a memory barrier afterwards; the kernel doc also explicitly states this. This style of access is required by some devices. This change also introduces include/linux/io.h, at Andrew's suggestion. It only has one occupant at the moment, but is a logical destination for oft-replicated contents of include/asm-*/{io,iomap}.h to migrate to. Signed-off-by: Bryan O'Sullivan <bos@pathscale.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-29[PATCH] swiotlb: move from arch/ia64/lib/ to lib/John W. Linville1-0/+2
The swiotlb implementation is shared by both IA-64 and EM64T. However, the source itself lives under arch/ia64. This patch moves swiotlb.c from arch/ia64/lib to lib/ and fixes-up the appropriate Makefile and Kconfig files. No actual changes are made to swiotlb.c. Signed-off-by: John W. Linville <linville@tuxdriver.com> Signed-off-by: Tony Luck <tony.luck@intel.com>
2005-09-10[PATCH] spinlock consolidationIngo Molnar1-0/+1
This patch (written by me and also containing many suggestions of Arjan van de Ven) does a major cleanup of the spinlock code. It does the following things: - consolidates and enhances the spinlock/rwlock debugging code - simplifies the asm/spinlock.h files - encapsulates the raw spinlock type and moves generic spinlock features (such as ->break_lock) into the generic code. - cleans up the spinlock code hierarchy to get rid of the spaghetti. Most notably there's now only a single variant of the debugging code, located in lib/spinlock_debug.c. (previously we had one SMP debugging variant per architecture, plus a separate generic one for UP builds) Also, i've enhanced the rwlock debugging facility, it will now track write-owners. There is new spinlock-owner/CPU-tracking on SMP builds too. All locks have lockup detection now, which will work for both soft and hard spin/rwlock lockups. The arch-level include files now only contain the minimally necessary subset of the spinlock code - all the rest that can be generalized now lives in the generic headers: include/asm-i386/spinlock_types.h | 16 include/asm-x86_64/spinlock_types.h | 16 I have also split up the various spinlock variants into separate files, making it easier to see which does what. The new layout is: SMP | UP ----------------------------|----------------------------------- asm/spinlock_types_smp.h | linux/spinlock_types_up.h linux/spinlock_types.h | linux/spinlock_types.h asm/spinlock_smp.h | linux/spinlock_up.h linux/spinlock_api_smp.h | linux/spinlock_api_up.h linux/spinlock.h | linux/spinlock.h /* * here's the role of the various spinlock/rwlock related include files: * * on SMP builds: * * asm/spinlock_types.h: contains the raw_spinlock_t/raw_rwlock_t and the * initializers * * linux/spinlock_types.h: * defines the generic type and initializers * * asm/spinlock.h: contains the __raw_spin_*()/etc. lowlevel * implementations, mostly inline assembly code * * (also included on UP-debug builds:) * * linux/spinlock_api_smp.h: * contains the prototypes for the _spin_*() APIs. * * linux/spinlock.h: builds the final spin_*() APIs. * * on UP builds: * * linux/spinlock_type_up.h: * contains the generic, simplified UP spinlock type. * (which is an empty structure on non-debug builds) * * linux/spinlock_types.h: * defines the generic type and initializers * * linux/spinlock_up.h: * contains the __raw_spin_*()/etc. version of UP * builds. (which are NOPs on non-debug, non-preempt * builds) * * (included on UP-non-debug builds:) * * linux/spinlock_api_up.h: * builds the _spin_*() APIs. * * linux/spinlock.h: builds the final spin_*() APIs. */ All SMP and UP architectures are converted by this patch. arm, i386, ia64, ppc, ppc64, s390/s390x, x64 was build-tested via crosscompilers. m32r, mips, sh, sparc, have not been tested yet, but should be mostly fine. From: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> Booted and lightly tested on a500-44 (64-bit, SMP kernel, dual CPU). Builds 32-bit SMP kernel (not booted or tested). I did not try to build non-SMP kernels. That should be trivial to fix up later if necessary. I converted bit ops atomic_hash lock to raw_spinlock_t. Doing so avoids some ugly nesting of linux/*.h and asm/*.h files. Those particular locks are well tested and contained entirely inside arch specific code. I do NOT expect any new issues to arise with them. If someone does ever need to use debug/metrics with them, then they will need to unravel this hairball between spinlocks, atomic ops, and bit ops that exist only because parisc has exactly one atomic instruction: LDCW (load and clear word). From: "Luck, Tony" <tony.luck@intel.com> ia64 fix Signed-off-by: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Signed-off-by: Arjan van de Ven <arjanv@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Grant Grundler <grundler@parisc-linux.org> Cc: Matthew Wilcox <willy@debian.org> Signed-off-by: Hirokazu Takata <takata@linux-m32r.org> Signed-off-by: Mikael Pettersson <mikpe@csd.uu.se> Signed-off-by: Benoit Boissinot <benoit.boissinot@ens-lyon.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-09-08[PATCH] lib/crc16: added crc16 algorithm.Evgeniy Polyakov1-1/+2
Add the crc16 routines, as used by w1 devices. Signed-off-by: Ben Gardner <bgardner@wabtec.com> Signed-off-by: Evgeniy Polyakov <johnpol@2ka.mipt.ru> Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@suse.de>
2005-09-05[PATCH] unify x86/x86-64 semaphore codeBenjamin LaHaise1-0/+1
This patch moves the common code in x86 and x86-64's semaphore.c into a single file in lib/semaphore-sleepers.c. The arch specific asm stubs are left in the arch tree (in semaphore.c for i386 and in the asm for x86-64). There should be no changes in code/functionality with this patch. Signed-off-by: Benjamin LaHaise <benjamin.c.lahaise@intel.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@muc.de> Signed-off-by: Jeff Dike <jdike@addtoit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-08-29[LIB]: Boyer-Moore extension for textsearch infrastructure strike #2Pablo Neira Ayuso1-0/+1
Attached the implementation of the Boyer-Moore string search algorithm for the new textsearch infrastructure. I've added as well a note about the limitations that this approach presents, as Thomas has remarked. Signed-off-by: Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@eurodev.net> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2005-07-27[PATCH] statically link halfmd4Andrew Morton1-2/+2
For some reason halfmd4 isn't being linked into the kernel any more and modular ext3 wants it. So statically link the halfmd4 code into the kernel. Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@osdl.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@osdl.org>
2005-06-23[LIB]: textsearch.o needs to be obj-y not lib-y.David S. Miller1-1/+1
It exports symbols. Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2005-06-23[LIB]: Naive finite state machine based textsearchThomas Graf1-0/+1
A finite state machine consists of n states (struct ts_fsm_token) representing the pattern as a finite automation. The data is read sequentially on a octet basis. Every state token specifies the number of recurrences and the type of value accepted which can be either a specific character or ctype based set of characters. The available type of recurrences include 1, (0|1), [0 n], and [1 n]. The algorithm differs between strict/non-strict mode specyfing whether the pattern has to start at the first octect. Strict mode is enabled by default and can be disabled by inserting TS_FSM_HEAD_IGNORE as the first token in the chain. The runtime performance of the algorithm should be around O(n), however while in strict mode the average runtime can be better. Signed-off-by: Thomas Graf <tgraf@suug.ch> Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
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