aboutsummaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/fs/ext4/ialloc.c
blob: 8036b9b5376bd8f7ac50e1dffe1da5aceebbc487 (plain) (blame)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
/*
 *  linux/fs/ext4/ialloc.c
 *
 * Copyright (C) 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995
 * Remy Card (card@masi.ibp.fr)
 * Laboratoire MASI - Institut Blaise Pascal
 * Universite Pierre et Marie Curie (Paris VI)
 *
 *  BSD ufs-inspired inode and directory allocation by
 *  Stephen Tweedie (sct@redhat.com), 1993
 *  Big-endian to little-endian byte-swapping/bitmaps by
 *        David S. Miller (davem@caip.rutgers.edu), 1995
 */

#include <linux/time.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/jbd2.h>
#include <linux/ext4_fs.h>
#include <linux/ext4_jbd2.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/quotaops.h>
#include <linux/buffer_head.h>
#include <linux/random.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <asm/byteorder.h>

#include "xattr.h"
#include "acl.h"
#include "group.h"

/*
 * ialloc.c contains the inodes allocation and deallocation routines
 */

/*
 * The free inodes are managed by bitmaps.  A file system contains several
 * blocks groups.  Each group contains 1 bitmap block for blocks, 1 bitmap
 * block for inodes, N blocks for the inode table and data blocks.
 *
 * The file system contains group descriptors which are located after the
 * super block.  Each descriptor contains the number of the bitmap block and
 * the free blocks count in the block.
 */

/*
 * To avoid calling the atomic setbit hundreds or thousands of times, we only
 * need to use it within a single byte (to ensure we get endianness right).
 * We can use memset for the rest of the bitmap as there are no other users.
 */
void mark_bitmap_end(int start_bit, int end_bit, char *bitmap)
{
	int i;

	if (start_bit >= end_bit)
		return;

	ext4_debug("mark end bits +%d through +%d used\n", start_bit, end_bit);
	for (i = start_bit; i < ((start_bit + 7) & ~7UL); i++)
		ext4_set_bit(i, bitmap);
	if (i < end_bit)
		memset(bitmap + (i >> 3), 0xff, (end_bit - i) >> 3);
}

/* Initializes an uninitialized inode bitmap */
unsigned ext4_init_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, struct buffer_head *bh,
				ext4_group_t block_group,
				struct ext4_group_desc *gdp)
{
	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);

	J_ASSERT_BH(bh, buffer_locked(bh));

	/* If checksum is bad mark all blocks and inodes use to prevent
	 * allocation, essentially implementing a per-group read-only flag. */
	if (!ext4_group_desc_csum_verify(sbi, block_group, gdp)) {
		ext4_error(sb, __FUNCTION__, "Checksum bad for group %lu\n",
			   block_group);
		gdp->bg_free_blocks_count = 0;
		gdp->bg_free_inodes_count = 0;
		gdp->bg_itable_unused = 0;
		memset(bh->b_data, 0xff, sb->s_blocksize);
		return 0;
	}

	memset(bh->b_data, 0, (EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) + 7) / 8);
	mark_bitmap_end(EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb),
			bh->b_data);

	return EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
}

/*
 * Read the inode allocation bitmap for a given block_group, reading
 * into the specified slot in the superblock's bitmap cache.
 *
 * Return buffer_head of bitmap on success or NULL.
 */
static struct buffer_head *
read_inode_bitmap(struct super_block *sb, ext4_group_t block_group)
{
	struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
	struct buffer_head *bh = NULL;

	desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, block_group, NULL);
	if (!desc)
		goto error_out;
	if (desc->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT)) {
		bh = sb_getblk(sb, ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc));
		if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
			lock_buffer(bh);
			if (!buffer_uptodate(bh)) {
				ext4_init_inode_bitmap(sb, bh, block_group,
						       desc);
				set_buffer_uptodate(bh);
			}
			unlock_buffer(bh);
		}
	} else {
		bh = sb_bread(sb, ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc));
	}
	if (!bh)
		ext4_error(sb, "read_inode_bitmap",
			    "Cannot read inode bitmap - "
			    "block_group = %lu, inode_bitmap = %llu",
			    block_group, ext4_inode_bitmap(sb, desc));
error_out:
	return bh;
}

/*
 * NOTE! When we get the inode, we're the only people
 * that have access to it, and as such there are no
 * race conditions we have to worry about. The inode
 * is not on the hash-lists, and it cannot be reached
 * through the filesystem because the directory entry
 * has been deleted earlier.
 *
 * HOWEVER: we must make sure that we get no aliases,
 * which means that we have to call "clear_inode()"
 * _before_ we mark the inode not in use in the inode
 * bitmaps. Otherwise a newly created file might use
 * the same inode number (not actually the same pointer
 * though), and then we'd have two inodes sharing the
 * same inode number and space on the harddisk.
 */
void ext4_free_inode (handle_t *handle, struct inode * inode)
{
	struct super_block * sb = inode->i_sb;
	int is_directory;
	unsigned long ino;
	struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
	struct buffer_head *bh2;
	ext4_group_t block_group;
	unsigned long bit;
	struct ext4_group_desc * gdp;
	struct ext4_super_block * es;
	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi;
	int fatal = 0, err;

	if (atomic_read(&inode->i_count) > 1) {
		printk ("ext4_free_inode: inode has count=%d\n",
					atomic_read(&inode->i_count));
		return;
	}
	if (inode->i_nlink) {
		printk ("ext4_free_inode: inode has nlink=%d\n",
			inode->i_nlink);
		return;
	}
	if (!sb) {
		printk("ext4_free_inode: inode on nonexistent device\n");
		return;
	}
	sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);

	ino = inode->i_ino;
	ext4_debug ("freeing inode %lu\n", ino);

	/*
	 * Note: we must free any quota before locking the superblock,
	 * as writing the quota to disk may need the lock as well.
	 */
	DQUOT_INIT(inode);
	ext4_xattr_delete_inode(handle, inode);
	DQUOT_FREE_INODE(inode);
	DQUOT_DROP(inode);

	is_directory = S_ISDIR(inode->i_mode);

	/* Do this BEFORE marking the inode not in use or returning an error */
	clear_inode (inode);

	es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
	if (ino < EXT4_FIRST_INO(sb) || ino > le32_to_cpu(es->s_inodes_count)) {
		ext4_error (sb, "ext4_free_inode",
			    "reserved or nonexistent inode %lu", ino);
		goto error_return;
	}
	block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
	bit = (ino - 1) % EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
	bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
	if (!bitmap_bh)
		goto error_return;

	BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "get_write_access");
	fatal = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bitmap_bh);
	if (fatal)
		goto error_return;

	/* Ok, now we can actually update the inode bitmaps.. */
	if (!ext4_clear_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group),
					bit, bitmap_bh->b_data))
		ext4_error (sb, "ext4_free_inode",
			      "bit already cleared for inode %lu", ino);
	else {
		gdp = ext4_get_group_desc (sb, block_group, &bh2);

		BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "get_write_access");
		fatal = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh2);
		if (fatal) goto error_return;

		if (gdp) {
			spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group));
			gdp->bg_free_inodes_count = cpu_to_le16(
				le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count) + 1);
			if (is_directory)
				gdp->bg_used_dirs_count = cpu_to_le16(
				  le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count) - 1);
			gdp->bg_checksum = ext4_group_desc_csum(sbi,
							block_group, gdp);
			spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, block_group));
			percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
			if (is_directory)
				percpu_counter_dec(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);

		}
		BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "call ext4_journal_dirty_metadata");
		err = ext4_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh2);
		if (!fatal) fatal = err;
	}
	BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "call ext4_journal_dirty_metadata");
	err = ext4_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bitmap_bh);
	if (!fatal)
		fatal = err;
	sb->s_dirt = 1;
error_return:
	brelse(bitmap_bh);
	ext4_std_error(sb, fatal);
}

/*
 * There are two policies for allocating an inode.  If the new inode is
 * a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
 * free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
 * the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
 * directories already is chosen.
 *
 * For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory\'s block
 * group to find a free inode.
 */
static int find_group_dir(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent,
				ext4_group_t *best_group)
{
	ext4_group_t ngroups = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
	unsigned int freei, avefreei;
	struct ext4_group_desc *desc, *best_desc = NULL;
	ext4_group_t group;
	int ret = -1;

	freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&EXT4_SB(sb)->s_freeinodes_counter);
	avefreei = freei / ngroups;

	for (group = 0; group < ngroups; group++) {
		desc = ext4_get_group_desc (sb, group, NULL);
		if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
			continue;
		if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
			continue;
		if (!best_desc ||
		    (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) >
		     le16_to_cpu(best_desc->bg_free_blocks_count))) {
			*best_group = group;
			best_desc = desc;
			ret = 0;
		}
	}
	return ret;
}

/*
 * Orlov's allocator for directories.
 *
 * We always try to spread first-level directories.
 *
 * If there are blockgroups with both free inodes and free blocks counts
 * not worse than average we return one with smallest directory count.
 * Otherwise we simply return a random group.
 *
 * For the rest rules look so:
 *
 * It's OK to put directory into a group unless
 * it has too many directories already (max_dirs) or
 * it has too few free inodes left (min_inodes) or
 * it has too few free blocks left (min_blocks) or
 * it's already running too large debt (max_debt).
 * Parent's group is prefered, if it doesn't satisfy these
 * conditions we search cyclically through the rest. If none
 * of the groups look good we just look for a group with more
 * free inodes than average (starting at parent's group).
 *
 * Debt is incremented each time we allocate a directory and decremented
 * when we allocate an inode, within 0--255.
 */

#define INODE_COST 64
#define BLOCK_COST 256

static int find_group_orlov(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent,
				ext4_group_t *group)
{
	ext4_group_t parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_block_group;
	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
	struct ext4_super_block *es = sbi->s_es;
	ext4_group_t ngroups = sbi->s_groups_count;
	int inodes_per_group = EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
	unsigned int freei, avefreei;
	ext4_fsblk_t freeb, avefreeb;
	ext4_fsblk_t blocks_per_dir;
	unsigned int ndirs;
	int max_debt, max_dirs, min_inodes;
	ext4_grpblk_t min_blocks;
	ext4_group_t i;
	struct ext4_group_desc *desc;

	freei = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
	avefreei = freei / ngroups;
	freeb = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_freeblocks_counter);
	avefreeb = freeb;
	do_div(avefreeb, ngroups);
	ndirs = percpu_counter_read_positive(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);

	if ((parent == sb->s_root->d_inode) ||
	    (EXT4_I(parent)->i_flags & EXT4_TOPDIR_FL)) {
		int best_ndir = inodes_per_group;
		ext4_group_t grp;
		int ret = -1;

		get_random_bytes(&grp, sizeof(grp));
		parent_group = (unsigned)grp % ngroups;
		for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
			grp = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
			desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, grp, NULL);
			if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
				continue;
			if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= best_ndir)
				continue;
			if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < avefreei)
				continue;
			if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < avefreeb)
				continue;
			*group = grp;
			ret = 0;
			best_ndir = le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count);
		}
		if (ret == 0)
			return ret;
		goto fallback;
	}

	blocks_per_dir = ext4_blocks_count(es) - freeb;
	do_div(blocks_per_dir, ndirs);

	max_dirs = ndirs / ngroups + inodes_per_group / 16;
	min_inodes = avefreei - inodes_per_group / 4;
	min_blocks = avefreeb - EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb) / 4;

	max_debt = EXT4_BLOCKS_PER_GROUP(sb);
	max_debt /= max_t(int, blocks_per_dir, BLOCK_COST);
	if (max_debt * INODE_COST > inodes_per_group)
		max_debt = inodes_per_group / INODE_COST;
	if (max_debt > 255)
		max_debt = 255;
	if (max_debt == 0)
		max_debt = 1;

	for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
		*group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
		desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
		if (!desc || !desc->bg_free_inodes_count)
			continue;
		if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_used_dirs_count) >= max_dirs)
			continue;
		if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) < min_inodes)
			continue;
		if (le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count) < min_blocks)
			continue;
		return 0;
	}

fallback:
	for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
		*group = (parent_group + i) % ngroups;
		desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
		if (desc && desc->bg_free_inodes_count &&
			le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) >= avefreei)
			return 0;
	}

	if (avefreei) {
		/*
		 * The free-inodes counter is approximate, and for really small
		 * filesystems the above test can fail to find any blockgroups
		 */
		avefreei = 0;
		goto fallback;
	}

	return -1;
}

static int find_group_other(struct super_block *sb, struct inode *parent,
				ext4_group_t *group)
{
	ext4_group_t parent_group = EXT4_I(parent)->i_block_group;
	ext4_group_t ngroups = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count;
	struct ext4_group_desc *desc;
	ext4_group_t i;

	/*
	 * Try to place the inode in its parent directory
	 */
	*group = parent_group;
	desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
	if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
			le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
		return 0;

	/*
	 * We're going to place this inode in a different blockgroup from its
	 * parent.  We want to cause files in a common directory to all land in
	 * the same blockgroup.  But we want files which are in a different
	 * directory which shares a blockgroup with our parent to land in a
	 * different blockgroup.
	 *
	 * So add our directory's i_ino into the starting point for the hash.
	 */
	*group = (*group + parent->i_ino) % ngroups;

	/*
	 * Use a quadratic hash to find a group with a free inode and some free
	 * blocks.
	 */
	for (i = 1; i < ngroups; i <<= 1) {
		*group += i;
		if (*group >= ngroups)
			*group -= ngroups;
		desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
		if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count) &&
				le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_blocks_count))
			return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * That failed: try linear search for a free inode, even if that group
	 * has no free blocks.
	 */
	*group = parent_group;
	for (i = 0; i < ngroups; i++) {
		if (++*group >= ngroups)
			*group = 0;
		desc = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, *group, NULL);
		if (desc && le16_to_cpu(desc->bg_free_inodes_count))
			return 0;
	}

	return -1;
}

/*
 * There are two policies for allocating an inode.  If the new inode is
 * a directory, then a forward search is made for a block group with both
 * free space and a low directory-to-inode ratio; if that fails, then of
 * the groups with above-average free space, that group with the fewest
 * directories already is chosen.
 *
 * For other inodes, search forward from the parent directory's block
 * group to find a free inode.
 */
struct inode *ext4_new_inode(handle_t *handle, struct inode * dir, int mode)
{
	struct super_block *sb;
	struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;
	struct buffer_head *bh2;
	ext4_group_t group = 0;
	unsigned long ino = 0;
	struct inode * inode;
	struct ext4_group_desc * gdp = NULL;
	struct ext4_super_block * es;
	struct ext4_inode_info *ei;
	struct ext4_sb_info *sbi;
	int ret2, err = 0;
	struct inode *ret;
	ext4_group_t i;
	int free = 0;

	/* Cannot create files in a deleted directory */
	if (!dir || !dir->i_nlink)
		return ERR_PTR(-EPERM);

	sb = dir->i_sb;
	inode = new_inode(sb);
	if (!inode)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	ei = EXT4_I(inode);

	sbi = EXT4_SB(sb);
	es = sbi->s_es;
	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
		if (test_opt (sb, OLDALLOC))
			ret2 = find_group_dir(sb, dir, &group);
		else
			ret2 = find_group_orlov(sb, dir, &group);
	} else
		ret2 = find_group_other(sb, dir, &group);

	err = -ENOSPC;
	if (ret2 == -1)
		goto out;

	for (i = 0; i < sbi->s_groups_count; i++) {
		err = -EIO;

		gdp = ext4_get_group_desc(sb, group, &bh2);
		if (!gdp)
			goto fail;

		brelse(bitmap_bh);
		bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, group);
		if (!bitmap_bh)
			goto fail;

		ino = 0;

repeat_in_this_group:
		ino = ext4_find_next_zero_bit((unsigned long *)
				bitmap_bh->b_data, EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb), ino);
		if (ino < EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {

			BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh, "get_write_access");
			err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bitmap_bh);
			if (err)
				goto fail;

			if (!ext4_set_bit_atomic(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group),
						ino, bitmap_bh->b_data)) {
				/* we won it */
				BUFFER_TRACE(bitmap_bh,
					"call ext4_journal_dirty_metadata");
				err = ext4_journal_dirty_metadata(handle,
								bitmap_bh);
				if (err)
					goto fail;
				goto got;
			}
			/* we lost it */
			jbd2_journal_release_buffer(handle, bitmap_bh);

			if (++ino < EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb))
				goto repeat_in_this_group;
		}

		/*
		 * This case is possible in concurrent environment.  It is very
		 * rare.  We cannot repeat the find_group_xxx() call because
		 * that will simply return the same blockgroup, because the
		 * group descriptor metadata has not yet been updated.
		 * So we just go onto the next blockgroup.
		 */
		if (++group == sbi->s_groups_count)
			group = 0;
	}
	err = -ENOSPC;
	goto out;

got:
	ino++;
	if ((group == 0 && ino < EXT4_FIRST_INO(sb)) ||
	    ino > EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb)) {
		ext4_error(sb, __FUNCTION__,
			   "reserved inode or inode > inodes count - "
			   "block_group = %lu, inode=%lu", group,
			   ino + group * EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb));
		err = -EIO;
		goto fail;
	}

	BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "get_write_access");
	err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, bh2);
	if (err) goto fail;

	/* We may have to initialize the block bitmap if it isn't already */
	if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM) &&
	    gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)) {
		struct buffer_head *block_bh = read_block_bitmap(sb, group);

		BUFFER_TRACE(block_bh, "get block bitmap access");
		err = ext4_journal_get_write_access(handle, block_bh);
		if (err) {
			brelse(block_bh);
			goto fail;
		}

		free = 0;
		spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
		/* recheck and clear flag under lock if we still need to */
		if (gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT)) {
			gdp->bg_flags &= cpu_to_le16(~EXT4_BG_BLOCK_UNINIT);
			free = ext4_free_blocks_after_init(sb, group, gdp);
			gdp->bg_free_blocks_count = cpu_to_le16(free);
		}
		spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));

		/* Don't need to dirty bitmap block if we didn't change it */
		if (free) {
			BUFFER_TRACE(block_bh, "dirty block bitmap");
			err = ext4_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, block_bh);
		}

		brelse(block_bh);
		if (err)
			goto fail;
	}

	spin_lock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
	/* If we didn't allocate from within the initialized part of the inode
	 * table then we need to initialize up to this inode. */
	if (EXT4_HAS_RO_COMPAT_FEATURE(sb, EXT4_FEATURE_RO_COMPAT_GDT_CSUM)) {
		if (gdp->bg_flags & cpu_to_le16(EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT)) {
			gdp->bg_flags &= cpu_to_le16(~EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT);

			/* When marking the block group with
			 * ~EXT4_BG_INODE_UNINIT we don't want to depend
			 * on the value of bg_itable_unsed even though
			 * mke2fs could have initialized the same for us.
			 * Instead we calculated the value below
			 */

			free = 0;
		} else {
			free = EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) -
				le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_itable_unused);
		}

		/*
		 * Check the relative inode number against the last used
		 * relative inode number in this group. if it is greater
		 * we need to  update the bg_itable_unused count
		 *
		 */
		if (ino > free)
			gdp->bg_itable_unused =
				cpu_to_le16(EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) - ino);
	}

	gdp->bg_free_inodes_count =
		cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count) - 1);
	if (S_ISDIR(mode)) {
		gdp->bg_used_dirs_count =
			cpu_to_le16(le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count) + 1);
	}
	gdp->bg_checksum = ext4_group_desc_csum(sbi, group, gdp);
	spin_unlock(sb_bgl_lock(sbi, group));
	BUFFER_TRACE(bh2, "call ext4_journal_dirty_metadata");
	err = ext4_journal_dirty_metadata(handle, bh2);
	if (err) goto fail;

	percpu_counter_dec(&sbi->s_freeinodes_counter);
	if (S_ISDIR(mode))
		percpu_counter_inc(&sbi->s_dirs_counter);
	sb->s_dirt = 1;

	inode->i_uid = current->fsuid;
	if (test_opt (sb, GRPID))
		inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
	else if (dir->i_mode & S_ISGID) {
		inode->i_gid = dir->i_gid;
		if (S_ISDIR(mode))
			mode |= S_ISGID;
	} else
		inode->i_gid = current->fsgid;
	inode->i_mode = mode;

	inode->i_ino = ino + group * EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
	/* This is the optimal IO size (for stat), not the fs block size */
	inode->i_blocks = 0;
	inode->i_mtime = inode->i_atime = inode->i_ctime = ei->i_crtime =
						       ext4_current_time(inode);

	memset(ei->i_data, 0, sizeof(ei->i_data));
	ei->i_dir_start_lookup = 0;
	ei->i_disksize = 0;

	/*
	 * Don't inherit extent flag from directory. We set extent flag on
	 * newly created directory and file only if -o extent mount option is
	 * specified
	 */
	ei->i_flags = EXT4_I(dir)->i_flags & ~(EXT4_INDEX_FL|EXT4_EXTENTS_FL);
	if (S_ISLNK(mode))
		ei->i_flags &= ~(EXT4_IMMUTABLE_FL|EXT4_APPEND_FL);
	/* dirsync only applies to directories */
	if (!S_ISDIR(mode))
		ei->i_flags &= ~EXT4_DIRSYNC_FL;
	ei->i_file_acl = 0;
	ei->i_dtime = 0;
	ei->i_block_alloc_info = NULL;
	ei->i_block_group = group;

	ext4_set_inode_flags(inode);
	if (IS_DIRSYNC(inode))
		handle->h_sync = 1;
	insert_inode_hash(inode);
	spin_lock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);
	inode->i_generation = sbi->s_next_generation++;
	spin_unlock(&sbi->s_next_gen_lock);

	ei->i_state = EXT4_STATE_NEW;

	ei->i_extra_isize = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_want_extra_isize;

	ret = inode;
	if(DQUOT_ALLOC_INODE(inode)) {
		err = -EDQUOT;
		goto fail_drop;
	}

	err = ext4_init_acl(handle, inode, dir);
	if (err)
		goto fail_free_drop;

	err = ext4_init_security(handle,inode, dir);
	if (err)
		goto fail_free_drop;

	err = ext4_mark_inode_dirty(handle, inode);
	if (err) {
		ext4_std_error(sb, err);
		goto fail_free_drop;
	}
	if (test_opt(sb, EXTENTS)) {
		/* set extent flag only for directory and file */
		if (S_ISDIR(mode) || S_ISREG(mode)) {
			EXT4_I(inode)->i_flags |= EXT4_EXTENTS_FL;
			ext4_ext_tree_init(handle, inode);
			err = ext4_update_incompat_feature(handle, sb,
					EXT4_FEATURE_INCOMPAT_EXTENTS);
			if (err)
				goto fail;
		}
	}

	ext4_debug("allocating inode %lu\n", inode->i_ino);
	goto really_out;
fail:
	ext4_std_error(sb, err);
out:
	iput(inode);
	ret = ERR_PTR(err);
really_out:
	brelse(bitmap_bh);
	return ret;

fail_free_drop:
	DQUOT_FREE_INODE(inode);

fail_drop:
	DQUOT_DROP(inode);
	inode->i_flags |= S_NOQUOTA;
	inode->i_nlink = 0;
	iput(inode);
	brelse(bitmap_bh);
	return ERR_PTR(err);
}

/* Verify that we are loading a valid orphan from disk */
struct inode *ext4_orphan_get(struct super_block *sb, unsigned long ino)
{
	unsigned long max_ino = le32_to_cpu(EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es->s_inodes_count);
	ext4_group_t block_group;
	int bit;
	struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh;
	struct inode *inode = NULL;
	long err = -EIO;

	/* Error cases - e2fsck has already cleaned up for us */
	if (ino > max_ino) {
		ext4_warning(sb, __FUNCTION__,
			     "bad orphan ino %lu!  e2fsck was run?", ino);
		goto error;
	}

	block_group = (ino - 1) / EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
	bit = (ino - 1) % EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb);
	bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, block_group);
	if (!bitmap_bh) {
		ext4_warning(sb, __FUNCTION__,
			     "inode bitmap error for orphan %lu", ino);
		goto error;
	}

	/* Having the inode bit set should be a 100% indicator that this
	 * is a valid orphan (no e2fsck run on fs).  Orphans also include
	 * inodes that were being truncated, so we can't check i_nlink==0.
	 */
	if (!ext4_test_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data))
		goto bad_orphan;

	inode = ext4_iget(sb, ino);
	if (IS_ERR(inode))
		goto iget_failed;

	if (NEXT_ORPHAN(inode) > max_ino)
		goto bad_orphan;
	brelse(bitmap_bh);
	return inode;

iget_failed:
	err = PTR_ERR(inode);
	inode = NULL;
bad_orphan:
	ext4_warning(sb, __FUNCTION__,
		     "bad orphan inode %lu!  e2fsck was run?", ino);
	printk(KERN_NOTICE "ext4_test_bit(bit=%d, block=%llu) = %d\n",
	       bit, (unsigned long long)bitmap_bh->b_blocknr,
	       ext4_test_bit(bit, bitmap_bh->b_data));
	printk(KERN_NOTICE "inode=%p\n", inode);
	if (inode) {
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "is_bad_inode(inode)=%d\n",
		       is_bad_inode(inode));
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "NEXT_ORPHAN(inode)=%u\n",
		       NEXT_ORPHAN(inode));
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "max_ino=%lu\n", max_ino);
		/* Avoid freeing blocks if we got a bad deleted inode */
		if (inode->i_nlink == 0)
			inode->i_blocks = 0;
		iput(inode);
	}
	brelse(bitmap_bh);
error:
	return ERR_PTR(err);
}

unsigned long ext4_count_free_inodes (struct super_block * sb)
{
	unsigned long desc_count;
	struct ext4_group_desc *gdp;
	ext4_group_t i;
#ifdef EXT4FS_DEBUG
	struct ext4_super_block *es;
	unsigned long bitmap_count, x;
	struct buffer_head *bitmap_bh = NULL;

	es = EXT4_SB(sb)->s_es;
	desc_count = 0;
	bitmap_count = 0;
	gdp = NULL;
	for (i = 0; i < EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
		gdp = ext4_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
		if (!gdp)
			continue;
		desc_count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count);
		brelse(bitmap_bh);
		bitmap_bh = read_inode_bitmap(sb, i);
		if (!bitmap_bh)
			continue;

		x = ext4_count_free(bitmap_bh, EXT4_INODES_PER_GROUP(sb) / 8);
		printk(KERN_DEBUG "group %lu: stored = %d, counted = %lu\n",
			i, le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count), x);
		bitmap_count += x;
	}
	brelse(bitmap_bh);
	printk("ext4_count_free_inodes: stored = %u, computed = %lu, %lu\n",
		le32_to_cpu(es->s_free_inodes_count), desc_count, bitmap_count);
	return desc_count;
#else
	desc_count = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
		gdp = ext4_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
		if (!gdp)
			continue;
		desc_count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_free_inodes_count);
		cond_resched();
	}
	return desc_count;
#endif
}

/* Called at mount-time, super-block is locked */
unsigned long ext4_count_dirs (struct super_block * sb)
{
	unsigned long count = 0;
	ext4_group_t i;

	for (i = 0; i < EXT4_SB(sb)->s_groups_count; i++) {
		struct ext4_group_desc *gdp = ext4_get_group_desc (sb, i, NULL);
		if (!gdp)
			continue;
		count += le16_to_cpu(gdp->bg_used_dirs_count);
	}
	return count;
}