Merge back earlier material related to system sleep

12 files changed, 227 insertions, 68 deletions

diff --git a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
index 07e22ba5bfe3..dff22a5b084a 100644
--- a/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
+++ b/Documentation/admin-guide/kernel-parameters.txt
@@ -5000,6 +5000,18 @@
 			that number, otherwise (e.g., 'pmu_override=on'), MMCR1
 			remains 0.
 
+	pm_async=	[PM]
+			Format: off
+			This parameter sets the initial value of the
+			/sys/power/pm_async sysfs knob at boot time.
+			If set to "off", disables asynchronous suspend and
+			resume of devices during system-wide power transitions.
+			This can be useful on platforms where device
+			dependencies are not well-defined, or for debugging
+			power management issues. Asynchronous operations are
+			enabled by default.
+
+
 	pm_debug_messages	[SUSPEND,KNL]
 			Enable suspend/resume debug messages during boot up.
 
diff --git a/MAINTAINERS b/MAINTAINERS
index 60bba48f5479..af02e8a19c48 100644
--- a/MAINTAINERS
+++ b/MAINTAINERS
@@ -9787,7 +9787,7 @@ F:	fs/freevxfs/
 
 FREEZER
 M:	"Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
-M:	Pavel Machek <pavel@kernel.org>
+R:	Pavel Machek <pavel@kernel.org>
 L:	linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
 S:	Supported
 F:	Documentation/power/freezing-of-tasks.rst
@@ -10663,7 +10663,7 @@ F:	drivers/video/fbdev/hgafb.c
 
 HIBERNATION (aka Software Suspend, aka swsusp)
 M:	"Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
-M:	Pavel Machek <pavel@kernel.org>
+R:	Pavel Machek <pavel@kernel.org>
 L:	linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
 S:	Supported
 B:	https://bugzilla.kernel.org
@@ -23938,8 +23938,8 @@ F:	drivers/sh/
 
 SUSPEND TO RAM
 M:	"Rafael J. Wysocki" <rafael@kernel.org>
-M:	Len Brown <len.brown@intel.com>
-M:	Pavel Machek <pavel@kernel.org>
+R:	Len Brown <lenb@kernel.org>
+R:	Pavel Machek <pavel@kernel.org>
 L:	linux-pm@vger.kernel.org
 S:	Supported
 B:	https://bugzilla.kernel.org
diff --git a/drivers/acpi/device_pm.c b/drivers/acpi/device_pm.c
index dbd4446025ec..9a4d059f1d23 100644
--- a/drivers/acpi/device_pm.c
+++ b/drivers/acpi/device_pm.c
@@ -1119,6 +1119,8 @@ int acpi_subsys_prepare(struct device *dev)
 {
 	struct acpi_device *adev = ACPI_COMPANION(dev);
 
+	dev_pm_set_strict_midlayer(dev, true);
+
 	if (dev->driver && dev->driver->pm && dev->driver->pm->prepare) {
 		int ret = dev->driver->pm->prepare(dev);
 
@@ -1147,6 +1149,8 @@ void acpi_subsys_complete(struct device *dev)
 	 */
 	if (pm_runtime_suspended(dev) && pm_resume_via_firmware())
 		pm_request_resume(dev);
+
+	dev_pm_set_strict_midlayer(dev, false);
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(acpi_subsys_complete);
 
diff --git a/drivers/base/power/main.c b/drivers/base/power/main.c
index 7a50af416cac..5d9b3dc9011d 100644
--- a/drivers/base/power/main.c
+++ b/drivers/base/power/main.c
@@ -647,14 +647,27 @@ static void dpm_async_resume_children(struct device *dev, async_func_t func)
 	/*
 	 * Start processing "async" children of the device unless it's been
 	 * started already for them.
-	 *
-	 * This could have been done for the device's "async" consumers too, but
-	 * they either need to wait for their parents or the processing has
-	 * already started for them after their parents were processed.
 	 */
 	device_for_each_child(dev, func, dpm_async_with_cleanup);
 }
 
+static void dpm_async_resume_subordinate(struct device *dev, async_func_t func)
+{
+	struct device_link *link;
+	int idx;
+
+	dpm_async_resume_children(dev, func);
+
+	idx = device_links_read_lock();
+
+	/* Start processing the device's "async" consumers. */
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(link, &dev->links.consumers, s_node)
+		if (READ_ONCE(link->status) != DL_STATE_DORMANT)
+			dpm_async_with_cleanup(link->consumer, func);
+
+	device_links_read_unlock(idx);
+}
+
 static void dpm_clear_async_state(struct device *dev)
 {
 	reinit_completion(&dev->power.completion);
@@ -663,7 +676,14 @@ static void dpm_clear_async_state(struct device *dev)
 
 static bool dpm_root_device(struct device *dev)
 {
-	return !dev->parent;
+	lockdep_assert_held(&dpm_list_mtx);
+
+	/*
+	 * Since this function is required to run under dpm_list_mtx, the
+	 * list_empty() below will only return true if the device's list of
+	 * consumers is actually empty before calling it.
+	 */
+	return !dev->parent && list_empty(&dev->links.suppliers);
 }
 
 static void async_resume_noirq(void *data, async_cookie_t cookie);
@@ -752,7 +772,7 @@ Out:
 		pm_dev_err(dev, state, async ? " async noirq" : " noirq", error);
 	}
 
-	dpm_async_resume_children(dev, async_resume_noirq);
+	dpm_async_resume_subordinate(dev, async_resume_noirq);
 }
 
 static void async_resume_noirq(void *data, async_cookie_t cookie)
@@ -895,7 +915,7 @@ Out:
 		pm_dev_err(dev, state, async ? " async early" : " early", error);
 	}
 
-	dpm_async_resume_children(dev, async_resume_early);
+	dpm_async_resume_subordinate(dev, async_resume_early);
 }
 
 static void async_resume_early(void *data, async_cookie_t cookie)
@@ -1071,7 +1091,7 @@ static void device_resume(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state, bool async)
 		pm_dev_err(dev, state, async ? " async" : "", error);
 	}
 
-	dpm_async_resume_children(dev, async_resume);
+	dpm_async_resume_subordinate(dev, async_resume);
 }
 
 static void async_resume(void *data, async_cookie_t cookie)
@@ -1095,7 +1115,6 @@ void dpm_resume(pm_message_t state)
 	ktime_t starttime = ktime_get();
 
 	trace_suspend_resume(TPS("dpm_resume"), state.event, true);
-	might_sleep();
 
 	pm_transition = state;
 	async_error = 0;
@@ -1198,7 +1217,6 @@ void dpm_complete(pm_message_t state)
 	struct list_head list;
 
 	trace_suspend_resume(TPS("dpm_complete"), state.event, true);
-	might_sleep();
 
 	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&list);
 	mutex_lock(&dpm_list_mtx);
@@ -1258,10 +1276,15 @@ static bool dpm_leaf_device(struct device *dev)
 		return false;
 	}
 
-	return true;
+	/*
+	 * Since this function is required to run under dpm_list_mtx, the
+	 * list_empty() below will only return true if the device's list of
+	 * consumers is actually empty before calling it.
+	 */
+	return list_empty(&dev->links.consumers);
 }
 
-static void dpm_async_suspend_parent(struct device *dev, async_func_t func)
+static bool dpm_async_suspend_parent(struct device *dev, async_func_t func)
 {
 	guard(mutex)(&dpm_list_mtx);
 
@@ -1273,11 +1296,31 @@ static void dpm_async_suspend_parent(struct device *dev, async_func_t func)
 	 * deleted before it.
 	 */
 	if (!device_pm_initialized(dev))
-		return;
+		return false;
 
 	/* Start processing the device's parent if it is "async". */
 	if (dev->parent)
 		dpm_async_with_cleanup(dev->parent, func);
+
+	return true;
+}
+
+static void dpm_async_suspend_superior(struct device *dev, async_func_t func)
+{
+	struct device_link *link;
+	int idx;
+
+	if (!dpm_async_suspend_parent(dev, func))
+		return;
+
+	idx = device_links_read_lock();
+
+	/* Start processing the device's "async" suppliers. */
+	list_for_each_entry_rcu(link, &dev->links.suppliers, c_node)
+		if (READ_ONCE(link->status) != DL_STATE_DORMANT)
+			dpm_async_with_cleanup(link->supplier, func);
+
+	device_links_read_unlock(idx);
 }
 
 static void dpm_async_suspend_complete_all(struct list_head *device_list)
@@ -1417,7 +1460,7 @@ Complete:
 	if (error || async_error)
 		return error;
 
-	dpm_async_suspend_parent(dev, async_suspend_noirq);
+	dpm_async_suspend_superior(dev, async_suspend_noirq);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1614,7 +1657,7 @@ Complete:
 	if (error || async_error)
 		return error;
 
-	dpm_async_suspend_parent(dev, async_suspend_late);
+	dpm_async_suspend_superior(dev, async_suspend_late);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -1906,7 +1949,7 @@ static int device_suspend(struct device *dev, pm_message_t state, bool async)
 	if (error || async_error)
 		return error;
 
-	dpm_async_suspend_parent(dev, async_suspend);
+	dpm_async_suspend_superior(dev, async_suspend);
 
 	return 0;
 }
@@ -2129,7 +2172,6 @@ int dpm_prepare(pm_message_t state)
 	int error = 0;
 
 	trace_suspend_resume(TPS("dpm_prepare"), state.event, true);
-	might_sleep();
 
 	/*
 	 * Give a chance for the known devices to complete their probes, before
diff --git a/drivers/base/power/runtime.c b/drivers/base/power/runtime.c
index c55a7c70bc1a..05ff3d2209e6 100644
--- a/drivers/base/power/runtime.c
+++ b/drivers/base/power/runtime.c
@@ -19,10 +19,24 @@
 
 typedef int (*pm_callback_t)(struct device *);
 
+static inline pm_callback_t get_callback_ptr(const void *start, size_t offset)
+{
+	return *(pm_callback_t *)(start + offset);
+}
+
+static pm_callback_t __rpm_get_driver_callback(struct device *dev,
+					       size_t cb_offset)
+{
+	if (dev->driver && dev->driver->pm)
+		return get_callback_ptr(dev->driver->pm, cb_offset);
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
 static pm_callback_t __rpm_get_callback(struct device *dev, size_t cb_offset)
 {
-	pm_callback_t cb;
 	const struct dev_pm_ops *ops;
+	pm_callback_t cb = NULL;
 
 	if (dev->pm_domain)
 		ops = &dev->pm_domain->ops;
@@ -36,12 +50,10 @@ static pm_callback_t __rpm_get_callback(struct device *dev, size_t cb_offset)
 		ops = NULL;
 
 	if (ops)
-		cb = *(pm_callback_t *)((void *)ops + cb_offset);
-	else
-		cb = NULL;
+		cb = get_callback_ptr(ops, cb_offset);
 
-	if (!cb && dev->driver && dev->driver->pm)
-		cb = *(pm_callback_t *)((void *)dev->driver->pm + cb_offset);
+	if (!cb)
+		cb = __rpm_get_driver_callback(dev, cb_offset);
 
 	return cb;
 }
@@ -1827,7 +1839,7 @@ void pm_runtime_init(struct device *dev)
 	dev->power.request_pending = false;
 	dev->power.request = RPM_REQ_NONE;
 	dev->power.deferred_resume = false;
-	dev->power.needs_force_resume = 0;
+	dev->power.needs_force_resume = false;
 	INIT_WORK(&dev->power.work, pm_runtime_work);
 
 	dev->power.timer_expires = 0;
@@ -1854,6 +1866,11 @@ void pm_runtime_reinit(struct device *dev)
 				pm_runtime_put(dev->parent);
 		}
 	}
+	/*
+	 * Clear power.needs_force_resume in case it has been set by
+	 * pm_runtime_force_suspend() invoked from a driver remove callback.
+	 */
+	dev->power.needs_force_resume = false;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1941,13 +1958,23 @@ void pm_runtime_drop_link(struct device_link *link)
 	pm_request_idle(link->supplier);
 }
 
-bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev)
+static pm_callback_t get_callback(struct device *dev, size_t cb_offset)
 {
-	return atomic_read(&dev->power.usage_count) <= 1 &&
-		(atomic_read(&dev->power.child_count) == 0 ||
-		 dev->power.ignore_children);
+	/*
+	 * Setting power.strict_midlayer means that the middle layer
+	 * code does not want its runtime PM callbacks to be invoked via
+	 * pm_runtime_force_suspend() and pm_runtime_force_resume(), so
+	 * return a direct pointer to the driver callback in that case.
+	 */
+	if (dev_pm_strict_midlayer_is_set(dev))
+		return __rpm_get_driver_callback(dev, cb_offset);
+
+	return __rpm_get_callback(dev, cb_offset);
 }
 
+#define GET_CALLBACK(dev, callback) \
+		get_callback(dev, offsetof(struct dev_pm_ops, callback))
+
 /**
  * pm_runtime_force_suspend - Force a device into suspend state if needed.
  * @dev: Device to suspend.
@@ -1964,10 +1991,6 @@ bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev)
  * sure the device is put into low power state and it should only be used during
  * system-wide PM transitions to sleep states.  It assumes that the analogous
  * pm_runtime_force_resume() will be used to resume the device.
- *
- * Do not use with DPM_FLAG_SMART_SUSPEND as this can lead to an inconsistent
- * state where this function has called the ->runtime_suspend callback but the
- * PM core marks the driver as runtime active.
  */
 int pm_runtime_force_suspend(struct device *dev)
 {
@@ -1975,10 +1998,10 @@ int pm_runtime_force_suspend(struct device *dev)
 	int ret;
 
 	pm_runtime_disable(dev);
-	if (pm_runtime_status_suspended(dev))
+	if (pm_runtime_status_suspended(dev) || dev->power.needs_force_resume)
 		return 0;
 
-	callback = RPM_GET_CALLBACK(dev, runtime_suspend);
+	callback = GET_CALLBACK(dev, runtime_suspend);
 
 	dev_pm_enable_wake_irq_check(dev, true);
 	ret = callback ? callback(dev) : 0;
@@ -1990,15 +2013,16 @@ int pm_runtime_force_suspend(struct device *dev)
 	/*
 	 * If the device can stay in suspend after the system-wide transition
 	 * to the working state that will follow, drop the children counter of
-	 * its parent, but set its status to RPM_SUSPENDED anyway in case this
-	 * function will be called again for it in the meantime.
+	 * its parent and the usage counters of its suppliers.  Otherwise, set
+	 * power.needs_force_resume to let pm_runtime_force_resume() know that
+	 * the device needs to be taken care of and to prevent this function
+	 * from handling the device again in case the device is passed to it
+	 * once more subsequently.
 	 */
-	if (pm_runtime_need_not_resume(dev)) {
+	if (pm_runtime_need_not_resume(dev))
 		pm_runtime_set_suspended(dev);
-	} else {
-		__update_runtime_status(dev, RPM_SUSPENDED);
-		dev->power.needs_force_resume = 1;
-	}
+	else
+		dev->power.needs_force_resume = true;
 
 	return 0;
 
@@ -2009,33 +2033,37 @@ err:
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pm_runtime_force_suspend);
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+
 /**
  * pm_runtime_force_resume - Force a device into resume state if needed.
  * @dev: Device to resume.
  *
- * Prior invoking this function we expect the user to have brought the device
- * into low power state by a call to pm_runtime_force_suspend(). Here we reverse
- * those actions and bring the device into full power, if it is expected to be
- * used on system resume.  In the other case, we defer the resume to be managed
- * via runtime PM.
+ * This function expects that either pm_runtime_force_suspend() has put the
+ * device into a low-power state prior to calling it, or the device had been
+ * runtime-suspended before the preceding system-wide suspend transition and it
+ * was left in suspend during that transition.
+ *
+ * The actions carried out by pm_runtime_force_suspend(), or by a runtime
+ * suspend in general, are reversed and the device is brought back into full
+ * power if it is expected to be used on system resume, which is the case when
+ * its needs_force_resume flag is set or when its smart_suspend flag is set and
+ * its runtime PM status is "active".
  *
- * Typically this function may be invoked from a system resume callback.
+ * In other cases, the resume is deferred to be managed via runtime PM.
+ *
+ * Typically, this function may be invoked from a system resume callback.
  */
 int pm_runtime_force_resume(struct device *dev)
 {
 	int (*callback)(struct device *);
 	int ret = 0;
 
-	if (!dev->power.needs_force_resume)
+	if (!dev->power.needs_force_resume && (!dev_pm_smart_suspend(dev) ||
+	    pm_runtime_status_suspended(dev)))
 		goto out;
 
-	/*
-	 * The value of the parent's children counter is correct already, so
-	 * just update the status of the device.
-	 */
-	__update_runtime_status(dev, RPM_ACTIVE);
-
-	callback = RPM_GET_CALLBACK(dev, runtime_resume);
+	callback = GET_CALLBACK(dev, runtime_resume);
 
 	dev_pm_disable_wake_irq_check(dev, false);
 	ret = callback ? callback(dev) : 0;
@@ -2046,9 +2074,30 @@ int pm_runtime_force_resume(struct device *dev)
 	}
 
 	pm_runtime_mark_last_busy(dev);
+
 out:
-	dev->power.needs_force_resume = 0;
+	/*
+	 * The smart_suspend flag can be cleared here because it is not going
+	 * to be necessary until the next system-wide suspend transition that
+	 * will update it again.
+	 */
+	dev->power.smart_suspend = false;
+	/*
+	 * Also clear needs_force_resume to make this function skip devices that
+	 * have been seen by it once.
+	 */
+	dev->power.needs_force_resume = false;
+
 	pm_runtime_enable(dev);
 	return ret;
 }
 EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(pm_runtime_force_resume);
+
+bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev)
+{
+	return atomic_read(&dev->power.usage_count) <= 1 &&
+		(atomic_read(&dev->power.child_count) == 0 ||
+		 dev->power.ignore_children);
+}
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */
diff --git a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
index 67db34fd10ee..b853585cb1f8 100644
--- a/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
+++ b/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c
@@ -708,6 +708,8 @@ static int pci_pm_prepare(struct device *dev)
 	struct pci_dev *pci_dev = to_pci_dev(dev);
 	const struct dev_pm_ops *pm = dev->driver ? dev->driver->pm : NULL;
 
+	dev_pm_set_strict_midlayer(dev, true);
+
 	if (pm && pm->prepare) {
 		int error = pm->prepare(dev);
 		if (error < 0)
@@ -749,6 +751,8 @@ static void pci_pm_complete(struct device *dev)
 		if (pci_dev->current_state < pre_sleep_state)
 			pm_request_resume(dev);
 	}
+
+	dev_pm_set_strict_midlayer(dev, false);
 }
 
 #else /* !CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */
diff --git a/include/linux/device.h b/include/linux/device.h
index 4940db137fff..5137f9d213ec 100644
--- a/include/linux/device.h
+++ b/include/linux/device.h
@@ -879,6 +879,33 @@ static inline bool dev_pm_smart_suspend(struct device *dev)
 #endif
 }
 
+/*
+ * dev_pm_set_strict_midlayer - Update the device's power.strict_midlayer flag
+ * @dev: Target device.
+ * @val: New flag value.
+ *
+ * When set, power.strict_midlayer means that the middle layer power management
+ * code (typically, a bus type or a PM domain) does not expect its runtime PM
+ * suspend callback to be invoked at all during system-wide PM transitions and
+ * it does not expect its runtime PM resume callback to be invoked at any point
+ * when runtime PM is disabled for the device during system-wide PM transitions.
+ */
+static inline void dev_pm_set_strict_midlayer(struct device *dev, bool val)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+	dev->power.strict_midlayer = val;
+#endif
+}
+
+static inline bool dev_pm_strict_midlayer_is_set(struct device *dev)
+{
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+	return dev->power.strict_midlayer;
+#else
+	return false;
+#endif
+}
+
 static inline void device_lock(struct device *dev)
 {
 	mutex_lock(&dev->mutex);
diff --git a/include/linux/pm.h b/include/linux/pm.h
index f0bd8fbae4f2..4149d45f6f76 100644
--- a/include/linux/pm.h
+++ b/include/linux/pm.h
@@ -683,6 +683,7 @@ struct dev_pm_info {
 	bool			smart_suspend:1;	/* Owned by the PM core */
 	bool			must_resume:1;		/* Owned by the PM core */
 	bool			may_skip_resume:1;	/* Set by subsystems */
+	bool			strict_midlayer:1;
 #else
 	bool			should_wakeup:1;
 #endif
diff --git a/include/linux/pm_runtime.h b/include/linux/pm_runtime.h
index e7cb70fcc0af..9bea07f22041 100644
--- a/include/linux/pm_runtime.h
+++ b/include/linux/pm_runtime.h
@@ -66,9 +66,7 @@ static inline bool queue_pm_work(struct work_struct *work)
 
 extern int pm_generic_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev);
 extern int pm_generic_runtime_resume(struct device *dev);
-extern bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev);
 extern int pm_runtime_force_suspend(struct device *dev);
-extern int pm_runtime_force_resume(struct device *dev);
 
 extern int __pm_runtime_idle(struct device *dev, int rpmflags);
 extern int __pm_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev, int rpmflags);
@@ -257,9 +255,7 @@ static inline bool queue_pm_work(struct work_struct *work) { return false; }
 
 static inline int pm_generic_runtime_suspend(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
 static inline int pm_generic_runtime_resume(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
-static inline bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev) {return true; }
 static inline int pm_runtime_force_suspend(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
-static inline int pm_runtime_force_resume(struct device *dev) { return 0; }
 
 static inline int __pm_runtime_idle(struct device *dev, int rpmflags)
 {
@@ -330,6 +326,18 @@ static inline void pm_runtime_release_supplier(struct device_link *link) {}
 
 #endif /* !CONFIG_PM */
 
+#ifdef CONFIG_PM_SLEEP
+
+bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev);
+int pm_runtime_force_resume(struct device *dev);
+
+#else /* !CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */
+
+static inline bool pm_runtime_need_not_resume(struct device *dev) {return true; }
+static inline int pm_runtime_force_resume(struct device *dev) { return -ENXIO; }
+
+#endif /* CONFIG_PM_SLEEP */
+
 /**
  * pm_runtime_idle - Conditionally set up autosuspend of a device or suspend it.
  * @dev: Target device.
diff --git a/kernel/kexec_core.c b/kernel/kexec_core.c
index 3a9a9f240dbc..351cd7d76dfa 100644
--- a/kernel/kexec_core.c
+++ b/kernel/kexec_core.c
@@ -1080,7 +1080,7 @@ int kernel_kexec(void)
 		console_suspend_all();
 		error = dpm_suspend_start(PMSG_FREEZE);
 		if (error)
-			goto Resume_console;
+			goto Resume_devices;
 		/*
 		 * dpm_suspend_end() must be called after dpm_suspend_start()
 		 * to complete the transition, like in the hibernation flows
@@ -1135,8 +1135,6 @@ int kernel_kexec(void)
 		dpm_resume_start(PMSG_RESTORE);
  Resume_devices:
 		dpm_resume_end(PMSG_RESTORE);
- Resume_console:
-		pm_restore_gfp_mask();
 		console_resume_all();
 		thaw_processes();
  Restore_console:
diff --git a/kernel/power/console.c b/kernel/power/console.c
index fcdf0e14a47d..19c48aa5355d 100644
--- a/kernel/power/console.c
+++ b/kernel/power/console.c
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #define SUSPEND_CONSOLE	(MAX_NR_CONSOLES-1)
 
 static int orig_fgconsole, orig_kmsg;
+static bool vt_switch_done;
 
 static DEFINE_MUTEX(vt_switch_mutex);
 
@@ -136,17 +137,21 @@ void pm_prepare_console(void)
 	if (orig_fgconsole < 0)
 		return;
 
+	vt_switch_done = true;
+
 	orig_kmsg = vt_kmsg_redirect(SUSPEND_CONSOLE);
 	return;
 }
 
 void pm_restore_console(void)
 {
-	if (!pm_vt_switch())
+	if (!pm_vt_switch() && !vt_switch_done)
 		return;
 
 	if (orig_fgconsole >= 0) {
 		vt_move_to_console(orig_fgconsole, 0);
 		vt_kmsg_redirect(orig_kmsg);
 	}
+
+	vt_switch_done = false;
 }
diff --git a/kernel/power/main.c b/kernel/power/main.c
index 3d484630505a..3cf2d7e72567 100644
--- a/kernel/power/main.c
+++ b/kernel/power/main.c
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 
 #include <linux/acpi.h>
 #include <linux/export.h>
+#include <linux/init.h>
 #include <linux/kobject.h>
 #include <linux/string.h>
 #include <linux/pm-trace.h>
@@ -112,6 +113,14 @@ int pm_notifier_call_chain(unsigned long val)
 /* If set, devices may be suspended and resumed asynchronously. */
 int pm_async_enabled = 1;
 
+static int __init pm_async_setup(char *str)
+{
+	if (!strcmp(str, "off"))
+		pm_async_enabled = 0;
+	return 1;
+}
+__setup("pm_async=", pm_async_setup);
+
 static ssize_t pm_async_show(struct kobject *kobj, struct kobj_attribute *attr,
 			     char *buf)
 {