1 files changed, 0 insertions, 1359 deletions

diff --git a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/hmm-tests.c b/tools/testing/selftests/vm/hmm-tests.c
deleted file mode 100644
index 79db22604019..000000000000
--- a/tools/testing/selftests/vm/hmm-tests.c
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1359 +0,0 @@
-// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0
-/*
- * HMM stands for Heterogeneous Memory Management, it is a helper layer inside
- * the linux kernel to help device drivers mirror a process address space in
- * the device. This allows the device to use the same address space which
- * makes communication and data exchange a lot easier.
- *
- * This framework's sole purpose is to exercise various code paths inside
- * the kernel to make sure that HMM performs as expected and to flush out any
- * bugs.
- */
-
-#include "../kselftest_harness.h"
-
-#include <errno.h>
-#include <fcntl.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <strings.h>
-#include <time.h>
-#include <pthread.h>
-#include <hugetlbfs.h>
-#include <sys/types.h>
-#include <sys/stat.h>
-#include <sys/mman.h>
-#include <sys/ioctl.h>
-
-/*
- * This is a private UAPI to the kernel test module so it isn't exported
- * in the usual include/uapi/... directory.
- */
-#include "../../../../lib/test_hmm_uapi.h"
-
-struct hmm_buffer {
-	void		*ptr;
-	void		*mirror;
-	unsigned long	size;
-	int		fd;
-	uint64_t	cpages;
-	uint64_t	faults;
-};
-
-#define TWOMEG		(1 << 21)
-#define HMM_BUFFER_SIZE (1024 << 12)
-#define HMM_PATH_MAX    64
-#define NTIMES		256
-
-#define ALIGN(x, a) (((x) + (a - 1)) & (~((a) - 1)))
-
-FIXTURE(hmm)
-{
-	int		fd;
-	unsigned int	page_size;
-	unsigned int	page_shift;
-};
-
-FIXTURE(hmm2)
-{
-	int		fd0;
-	int		fd1;
-	unsigned int	page_size;
-	unsigned int	page_shift;
-};
-
-static int hmm_open(int unit)
-{
-	char pathname[HMM_PATH_MAX];
-	int fd;
-
-	snprintf(pathname, sizeof(pathname), "/dev/hmm_dmirror%d", unit);
-	fd = open(pathname, O_RDWR, 0);
-	if (fd < 0)
-		fprintf(stderr, "could not open hmm dmirror driver (%s)\n",
-			pathname);
-	return fd;
-}
-
-FIXTURE_SETUP(hmm)
-{
-	self->page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
-	self->page_shift = ffs(self->page_size) - 1;
-
-	self->fd = hmm_open(0);
-	ASSERT_GE(self->fd, 0);
-}
-
-FIXTURE_SETUP(hmm2)
-{
-	self->page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
-	self->page_shift = ffs(self->page_size) - 1;
-
-	self->fd0 = hmm_open(0);
-	ASSERT_GE(self->fd0, 0);
-	self->fd1 = hmm_open(1);
-	ASSERT_GE(self->fd1, 0);
-}
-
-FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(hmm)
-{
-	int ret = close(self->fd);
-
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	self->fd = -1;
-}
-
-FIXTURE_TEARDOWN(hmm2)
-{
-	int ret = close(self->fd0);
-
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	self->fd0 = -1;
-
-	ret = close(self->fd1);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	self->fd1 = -1;
-}
-
-static int hmm_dmirror_cmd(int fd,
-			   unsigned long request,
-			   struct hmm_buffer *buffer,
-			   unsigned long npages)
-{
-	struct hmm_dmirror_cmd cmd;
-	int ret;
-
-	/* Simulate a device reading system memory. */
-	cmd.addr = (__u64)buffer->ptr;
-	cmd.ptr = (__u64)buffer->mirror;
-	cmd.npages = npages;
-
-	for (;;) {
-		ret = ioctl(fd, request, &cmd);
-		if (ret == 0)
-			break;
-		if (errno == EINTR)
-			continue;
-		return -errno;
-	}
-	buffer->cpages = cmd.cpages;
-	buffer->faults = cmd.faults;
-
-	return 0;
-}
-
-static void hmm_buffer_free(struct hmm_buffer *buffer)
-{
-	if (buffer == NULL)
-		return;
-
-	if (buffer->ptr)
-		munmap(buffer->ptr, buffer->size);
-	free(buffer->mirror);
-	free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Create a temporary file that will be deleted on close.
- */
-static int hmm_create_file(unsigned long size)
-{
-	char path[HMM_PATH_MAX];
-	int fd;
-
-	strcpy(path, "/tmp");
-	fd = open(path, O_TMPFILE | O_EXCL | O_RDWR, 0600);
-	if (fd >= 0) {
-		int r;
-
-		do {
-			r = ftruncate(fd, size);
-		} while (r == -1 && errno == EINTR);
-		if (!r)
-			return fd;
-		close(fd);
-	}
-	return -1;
-}
-
-/*
- * Return a random unsigned number.
- */
-static unsigned int hmm_random(void)
-{
-	static int fd = -1;
-	unsigned int r;
-
-	if (fd < 0) {
-		fd = open("/dev/urandom", O_RDONLY);
-		if (fd < 0) {
-			fprintf(stderr, "%s:%d failed to open /dev/urandom\n",
-					__FILE__, __LINE__);
-			return ~0U;
-		}
-	}
-	read(fd, &r, sizeof(r));
-	return r;
-}
-
-static void hmm_nanosleep(unsigned int n)
-{
-	struct timespec t;
-
-	t.tv_sec = 0;
-	t.tv_nsec = n;
-	nanosleep(&t, NULL);
-}
-
-/*
- * Simple NULL test of device open/close.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, open_close)
-{
-}
-
-/*
- * Read private anonymous memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_read)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-	int val;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/*
-	 * Initialize buffer in system memory but leave the first two pages
-	 * zero (pte_none and pfn_zero).
-	 */
-	i = 2 * self->page_size / sizeof(*ptr);
-	for (ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Set buffer permission to read-only. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr, size, PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Populate the CPU page table with a special zero page. */
-	val = *(int *)(buffer->ptr + self->page_size);
-	ASSERT_EQ(val, 0);
-
-	/* Simulate a device reading system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	ptr = buffer->mirror;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2 * self->page_size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], 0);
-	for (; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Read private anonymous memory which has been protected with
- * mprotect() PROT_NONE.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_read_prot)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Initialize mirror buffer so we can verify it isn't written. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = -i;
-
-	/* Protect buffer from reading. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr, size, PROT_NONE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Simulate a device reading system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -EFAULT);
-
-	/* Allow CPU to read the buffer so we can check it. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr, size, PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], -i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Write private anonymous memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_write)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Write private anonymous memory which has been protected with
- * mprotect() PROT_READ.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_write_prot)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Simulate a device reading a zero page of memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer, 1);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, 1);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -EPERM);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], 0);
-
-	/* Now allow writing and see that the zero page is replaced. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr, size, PROT_WRITE | PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Check that a device writing an anonymous private mapping
- * will copy-on-write if a child process inherits the mapping.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_write_child)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	pid_t pid;
-	int child_fd;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize buffer->ptr so we can tell if it is written. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = -i;
-
-	pid = fork();
-	if (pid == -1)
-		ASSERT_EQ(pid, 0);
-	if (pid != 0) {
-		waitpid(pid, &ret, 0);
-		ASSERT_EQ(WIFEXITED(ret), 1);
-
-		/* Check that the parent's buffer did not change. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* Check that we see the parent's values. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], -i);
-
-	/* The child process needs its own mirror to its own mm. */
-	child_fd = hmm_open(0);
-	ASSERT_GE(child_fd, 0);
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(child_fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], -i);
-
-	close(child_fd);
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * Check that a device writing an anonymous shared mapping
- * will not copy-on-write if a child process inherits the mapping.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_write_child_shared)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	pid_t pid;
-	int child_fd;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize buffer->ptr so we can tell if it is written. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = -i;
-
-	pid = fork();
-	if (pid == -1)
-		ASSERT_EQ(pid, 0);
-	if (pid != 0) {
-		waitpid(pid, &ret, 0);
-		ASSERT_EQ(WIFEXITED(ret), 1);
-
-		/* Check that the parent's buffer did change. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], -i);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	/* Check that we see the parent's values. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], -i);
-
-	/* The child process needs its own mirror to its own mm. */
-	child_fd = hmm_open(0);
-	ASSERT_GE(child_fd, 0);
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(child_fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], -i);
-
-	close(child_fd);
-	exit(0);
-}
-
-/*
- * Write private anonymous huge page.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_write_huge)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	void *old_ptr;
-	void *map;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	size = 2 * TWOMEG;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	size = TWOMEG;
-	npages = size >> self->page_shift;
-	map = (void *)ALIGN((uintptr_t)buffer->ptr, size);
-	ret = madvise(map, size, MADV_HUGEPAGE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	old_ptr = buffer->ptr;
-	buffer->ptr = map;
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	buffer->ptr = old_ptr;
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Write huge TLBFS page.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_write_hugetlbfs)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-	long pagesizes[4];
-	int n, idx;
-
-	/* Skip test if we can't allocate a hugetlbfs page. */
-
-	n = gethugepagesizes(pagesizes, 4);
-	if (n <= 0)
-		return;
-	for (idx = 0; --n > 0; ) {
-		if (pagesizes[n] < pagesizes[idx])
-			idx = n;
-	}
-	size = ALIGN(TWOMEG, pagesizes[idx]);
-	npages = size >> self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = get_hugepage_region(size, GHR_STRICT);
-	if (buffer->ptr == NULL) {
-		free(buffer);
-		return;
-	}
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	free_hugepage_region(buffer->ptr);
-	buffer->ptr = NULL;
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Read mmap'ed file memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, file_read)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-	int fd;
-	ssize_t len;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	fd = hmm_create_file(size);
-	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = fd;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	/* Write initial contents of the file. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-	len = pwrite(fd, buffer->mirror, size, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(len, size);
-	memset(buffer->mirror, 0, size);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ,
-			   MAP_SHARED,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Simulate a device reading system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Write mmap'ed file memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, file_write)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-	int fd;
-	ssize_t len;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	fd = hmm_create_file(size);
-	ASSERT_GE(fd, 0);
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = fd;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_SHARED,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize data that the device will write to buffer->ptr. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Simulate a device writing system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_WRITE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device wrote. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	/* Check that the device also wrote the file. */
-	len = pread(fd, buffer->mirror, size, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(len, size);
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Migrate anonymous memory to device private memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, migrate)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Migrate memory to device. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Migrate anonymous memory to device private memory and fault it back to system
- * memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, migrate_fault)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Migrate memory to device. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	/* Fault pages back to system memory and check them. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Try to migrate various memory types to device private memory.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm2, migrate_mixed)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	int *ptr;
-	unsigned char *p;
-	int ret;
-	int val;
-
-	npages = 6;
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	/* Reserve a range of addresses. */
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_NONE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-	p = buffer->ptr;
-
-	/* Migrating a protected area should be an error. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd1, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -EINVAL);
-
-	/* Punch a hole after the first page address. */
-	ret = munmap(buffer->ptr + self->page_size, self->page_size);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* We expect an error if the vma doesn't cover the range. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd1, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, 3);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -EINVAL);
-
-	/* Page 2 will be a read-only zero page. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 2 * self->page_size, self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 2 * self->page_size);
-	val = *ptr + 3;
-	ASSERT_EQ(val, 3);
-
-	/* Page 3 will be read-only. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 3 * self->page_size, self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 3 * self->page_size);
-	*ptr = val;
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 3 * self->page_size, self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Page 4-5 will be read-write. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 4 * self->page_size, 2 * self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 4 * self->page_size);
-	*ptr = val;
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 5 * self->page_size);
-	*ptr = val;
-
-	/* Now try to migrate pages 2-5 to device 1. */
-	buffer->ptr = p + 2 * self->page_size;
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd1, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, 4);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, 4);
-
-	/* Page 5 won't be migrated to device 0 because it's on device 1. */
-	buffer->ptr = p + 5 * self->page_size;
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd0, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, 1);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, -ENOENT);
-	buffer->ptr = p;
-
-	buffer->ptr = p;
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Migrate anonymous memory to device private memory and fault it back to system
- * memory multiple times.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, migrate_multiple)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	unsigned long c;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	for (c = 0; c < NTIMES; c++) {
-		buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-		buffer->fd = -1;
-		buffer->size = size;
-		buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-		buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-				   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-				   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-				   buffer->fd, 0);
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-		/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ptr[i] = i;
-
-		/* Migrate memory to device. */
-		ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer,
-				      npages);
-		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-		ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-
-		/* Check what the device read. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-		/* Fault pages back to system memory and check them. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-		hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Read anonymous memory multiple times.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_read_multiple)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	unsigned long c;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	for (c = 0; c < NTIMES; c++) {
-		buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-		buffer->fd = -1;
-		buffer->size = size;
-		buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-		buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-				   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-				   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-				   buffer->fd, 0);
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-		/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ptr[i] = i + c;
-
-		/* Simulate a device reading system memory. */
-		ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer,
-				      npages);
-		ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-		ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-		ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-		/* Check what the device read. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i + c);
-
-		hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-	}
-}
-
-void *unmap_buffer(void *p)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer = p;
-
-	/* Delay for a bit and then unmap buffer while it is being read. */
-	hmm_nanosleep(hmm_random() % 32000);
-	munmap(buffer->ptr + buffer->size / 2, buffer->size / 2);
-	buffer->ptr = NULL;
-
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-/*
- * Try reading anonymous memory while it is being unmapped.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm, anon_teardown)
-{
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long c;
-	void *ret;
-
-	npages = ALIGN(HMM_BUFFER_SIZE, self->page_size) >> self->page_shift;
-	ASSERT_NE(npages, 0);
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	for (c = 0; c < NTIMES; ++c) {
-		pthread_t thread;
-		struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-		unsigned long i;
-		int *ptr;
-		int rc;
-
-		buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-		buffer->fd = -1;
-		buffer->size = size;
-		buffer->mirror = malloc(size);
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-		buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-				   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-				   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-				   buffer->fd, 0);
-		ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-		/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-		for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-			ptr[i] = i + c;
-
-		rc = pthread_create(&thread, NULL, unmap_buffer, buffer);
-		ASSERT_EQ(rc, 0);
-
-		/* Simulate a device reading system memory. */
-		rc = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer,
-				     npages);
-		if (rc == 0) {
-			ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-			ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-			/* Check what the device read. */
-			for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror;
-			     i < size / sizeof(*ptr);
-			     ++i)
-				ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i + c);
-		}
-
-		pthread_join(thread, &ret);
-		hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-	}
-}
-
-/*
- * Test memory snapshot without faulting in pages accessed by the device.
- */
-TEST_F(hmm2, snapshot)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	int *ptr;
-	unsigned char *p;
-	unsigned char *m;
-	int ret;
-	int val;
-
-	npages = 7;
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(npages);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	/* Reserve a range of addresses. */
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_NONE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-	p = buffer->ptr;
-
-	/* Punch a hole after the first page address. */
-	ret = munmap(buffer->ptr + self->page_size, self->page_size);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Page 2 will be read-only zero page. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 2 * self->page_size, self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 2 * self->page_size);
-	val = *ptr + 3;
-	ASSERT_EQ(val, 3);
-
-	/* Page 3 will be read-only. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 3 * self->page_size, self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 3 * self->page_size);
-	*ptr = val;
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 3 * self->page_size, self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Page 4-6 will be read-write. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr + 4 * self->page_size, 3 * self->page_size,
-				PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ptr = (int *)(buffer->ptr + 4 * self->page_size);
-	*ptr = val;
-
-	/* Page 5 will be migrated to device 0. */
-	buffer->ptr = p + 5 * self->page_size;
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd0, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, 1);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, 1);
-
-	/* Page 6 will be migrated to device 1. */
-	buffer->ptr = p + 6 * self->page_size;
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd1, HMM_DMIRROR_MIGRATE, buffer, 1);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, 1);
-
-	/* Simulate a device snapshotting CPU pagetables. */
-	buffer->ptr = p;
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd0, HMM_DMIRROR_SNAPSHOT, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-
-	/* Check what the device saw. */
-	m = buffer->mirror;
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[0], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_ERROR);
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[1], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_ERROR);
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[2], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_ZERO | HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[3], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[4], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_WRITE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[5], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_DEV_PRIVATE_LOCAL |
-			HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_WRITE);
-	ASSERT_EQ(m[6], HMM_DMIRROR_PROT_NONE);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-/*
- * Test two devices reading the same memory (double mapped).
- */
-TEST_F(hmm2, double_map)
-{
-	struct hmm_buffer *buffer;
-	unsigned long npages;
-	unsigned long size;
-	unsigned long i;
-	int *ptr;
-	int ret;
-
-	npages = 6;
-	size = npages << self->page_shift;
-
-	buffer = malloc(sizeof(*buffer));
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer, NULL);
-
-	buffer->fd = -1;
-	buffer->size = size;
-	buffer->mirror = malloc(npages);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->mirror, NULL);
-
-	/* Reserve a range of addresses. */
-	buffer->ptr = mmap(NULL, size,
-			   PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
-			   MAP_PRIVATE | MAP_ANONYMOUS,
-			   buffer->fd, 0);
-	ASSERT_NE(buffer->ptr, MAP_FAILED);
-
-	/* Initialize buffer in system memory. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->ptr; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ptr[i] = i;
-
-	/* Make region read-only. */
-	ret = mprotect(buffer->ptr, size, PROT_READ);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	/* Simulate device 0 reading system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd0, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	/* Simulate device 1 reading system memory. */
-	ret = hmm_dmirror_cmd(self->fd1, HMM_DMIRROR_READ, buffer, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->cpages, npages);
-	ASSERT_EQ(buffer->faults, 1);
-
-	/* Check what the device read. */
-	for (i = 0, ptr = buffer->mirror; i < size / sizeof(*ptr); ++i)
-		ASSERT_EQ(ptr[i], i);
-
-	/* Punch a hole after the first page address. */
-	ret = munmap(buffer->ptr + self->page_size, self->page_size);
-	ASSERT_EQ(ret, 0);
-
-	hmm_buffer_free(buffer);
-}
-
-TEST_HARNESS_MAIN