initial import of NetBSD tree

1 files changed, 1343 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/usr.sbin/mtrace/mtrace.c b/usr.sbin/mtrace/mtrace.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d7bfe3f1c3a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/usr.sbin/mtrace/mtrace.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1343 @@
+/*	$NetBSD: mtrace.c,v 1.4 1995/10/04 03:47:57 thorpej Exp $	*/
+
+/*
+ * mtrace.c
+ *
+ * This tool traces the branch of a multicast tree from a source to a
+ * receiver for a particular multicast group and gives statistics
+ * about packet rate and loss for each hop along the path.  It can
+ * usually be invoked just as
+ *
+ * 	mtrace source
+ *
+ * to trace the route from that source to the local host for a default
+ * group when only the route is desired and not group-specific packet
+ * counts.  See the usage line for more complex forms.
+ *
+ *
+ * Released 4 Apr 1995.  This program was adapted by Steve Casner
+ * (USC/ISI) from a prototype written by Ajit Thyagarajan (UDel and
+ * Xerox PARC).  It attempts to parallel in command syntax and output
+ * format the unicast traceroute program written by Van Jacobson (LBL)
+ * for the parts where that makes sense.
+ * 
+ * Copyright (c) 1995 by the University of Southern California
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
+ * documentation in source and binary forms for non-commercial purposes
+ * and without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright
+ * notice appear in all copies and that both the copyright notice and
+ * this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that
+ * any documentation, advertising materials, and other materials related
+ * to such distribution and use acknowledge that the software was
+ * developed by the University of Southern California, Information
+ * Sciences Institute.  The name of the University may not be used to
+ * endorse or promote products derived from this software without
+ * specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THE UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA makes no representations about
+ * the suitability of this software for any purpose.  THIS SOFTWARE IS
+ * PROVIDED "AS IS" AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES,
+ * INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+ *
+ * Other copyrights might apply to parts of this software and are so
+ * noted when applicable.
+ *
+ * In particular, parts of the prototype version of this program may
+ * have been derived from mrouted programs sources covered by the
+ * license in the accompanying file named "LICENSE".
+ */
+
+#include <sys/filio.h>
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <netinet/in.h>
+#include <arpa/inet.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <memory.h>
+#include <netdb.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+extern int optind;
+extern char *optarg;
+
+#include "defs.h"
+
+#define DEFAULT_TIMEOUT	3	/* How long to wait before retrying requests */
+#define DEFAULT_RETRIES 3	/* How many times to try */
+#define MAXHOPS UNREACHABLE	/* Don't need more hops than max metric */
+#define UNICAST_TTL 255		/* TTL for unicast response */
+#define MULTICAST_TTL1 64	/* Default TTL for multicast query/response */
+#define MULTICAST_TTL_INC 32	/* TTL increment for increase after timeout */
+#define MULTICAST_TTL_MAX 192	/* Maximum TTL allowed (protect low-BW links */
+
+struct resp_buf {
+    u_long qtime;		/* Time query was issued */
+    u_long rtime;		/* Time response was received */
+    int	len;			/* Number of reports or length of data */
+    struct igmp igmp;		/* IGMP header */
+    union {
+	struct {
+	    struct tr_query q;		/* Query/response header */
+	    struct tr_resp r[MAXHOPS];	/* Per-hop reports */
+	} t;
+	char d[MAX_DVMRP_DATA_LEN];	/* Neighbor data */
+    } u;
+} base, incr[2];
+
+#define qhdr u.t.q
+#define resps u.t.r
+#define ndata u.d
+
+char names[MAXHOPS][40];
+
+int timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT;
+int nqueries = DEFAULT_RETRIES;
+int numeric = FALSE;
+int debug = 0;
+int passive = FALSE;
+int multicast = FALSE;
+
+u_int32_t defgrp;			/* Default group if not specified */
+u_int32_t query_cast;			/* All routers multicast addr */
+u_int32_t resp_cast;			/* Mtrace response multicast addr */
+
+u_int32_t lcl_addr = 0;			/* This host address, in NET order */
+u_int32_t dst_netmask;			/* netmask to go with qdst */
+
+/*
+ * Query/response parameters, all initialized to zero and set later
+ * to default values or from options.
+ */
+u_int32_t qsrc = 0;
+u_int32_t qgrp = 0;
+u_int32_t qdst = 0;
+u_char qno  = 0;
+u_int32_t raddr = 0;
+int    qttl = 0;
+u_char rttl = 0;
+u_int32_t gwy = 0;
+
+vifi_t  numvifs;		/* to keep loader happy */
+				/* (see kern.c) */
+extern void k_join();
+extern void k_leave();
+extern void k_set_ttl();
+extern void exit();
+#ifndef SYSV
+extern long random();
+#endif
+extern int errno;
+
+void
+usage()
+{
+
+    printf("\
+Usage: mtrace [-Mlnps] [-w wait] [-m max_hops] [-q nqueries] [-g gateway]\n\
+              [-t ttl] [-r resp_dest] [-i if_addr] source [receiver] [group]\n");
+	exit(1);
+}
+
+
+char *
+inet_name(addr)
+    u_int32_t  addr;
+{
+    struct hostent *e;
+
+    e = gethostbyaddr((char *)&addr, sizeof(addr), AF_INET);
+
+    return e ? e->h_name : "?";
+}
+
+
+u_int32_t 
+host_addr(name)
+    char   *name;
+{
+    struct hostent *e;
+    struct in_addr ina;
+    int	i, dots = 3;
+    char	buf[40];
+    char	*ip = name;
+    char	*op = buf;
+
+    /*
+     * Undo the BSD-ism `127.1' == `127.0.0.1'.  We change this to
+     * `127.1' == `127.1.0.0'.
+     */
+
+    for (i = sizeof(buf) - 7; i > 0; --i) {
+        if (*ip == '.')
+            --dots;
+        if (*ip == '\0')
+            break;
+        *op++ = *ip++;
+    }
+    for (i = 0; i < dots; ++i) {
+        *op++ = '.';
+	*op++ = '0';
+    }
+    *op = '\0';
+
+    if (inet_aton(buf, &ina) == 0) {
+        if ((e = gethostbyname(name)) == NULL) {
+	    ina.s_addr = 0;
+	    printf("Could not parse %s as host name or address\n", name);
+        } else
+	    memcpy((char *)&ina.s_addr, e->h_addr_list[0], e->h_length);
+    }
+
+    return (ina.s_addr);
+}
+
+
+char *
+proto_type(type)
+    u_char type;
+{
+    static char buf[80];
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case PROTO_DVMRP:
+	return ("DVMRP");
+      case PROTO_MOSPF:
+	return ("MOSPF");
+      case PROTO_PIM:
+	return ("PIM");
+      case PROTO_CBT:
+	return ("CBT");
+      default:
+	(void) sprintf(buf, "Unknown protocol code %d", type);
+	return (buf);
+    }
+}
+
+
+char *
+flag_type(type)
+    u_char type;
+{
+    static char buf[80];
+
+    switch (type) {
+      case TR_NO_ERR:
+	return ("");
+      case TR_WRONG_IF:
+	return ("Wrong interface");
+      case TR_PRUNED:
+	return ("Prune sent upstream");
+      case TR_OPRUNED:
+	return ("Output pruned");
+      case TR_SCOPED:
+	return ("Hit scope boundary");
+      case TR_NO_RTE:
+	return ("No route");
+      case TR_OLD_ROUTER:
+	return ("Next router no mtrace");
+      case TR_NO_FWD:
+	return ("Not forwarding");
+      case TR_NO_SPACE:
+	return ("No space in packet");
+      default:
+	(void) sprintf(buf, "Unknown error code %d", type);
+	return (buf);
+    }
+}    
+
+/*
+ * If destination is on a local net, get the netmask, else set the
+ * netmask to all ones.  There are two side effects: if the local
+ * address was not explicitly set, and if the destination is on a
+ * local net, use that one; in either case, verify that the local
+ * address is valid.
+ */
+
+u_int32_t
+get_netmask(s, dst)
+    int s;
+    u_int32_t dst;
+{
+    char inbuf[8192];
+    struct ifconf ifc;
+    struct ifreq *ifr;
+    int i;
+    u_int32_t if_addr, if_mask;
+    u_int32_t retval = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+    int found = FALSE;
+
+    ifc.ifc_len = sizeof(inbuf);
+    ifc.ifc_buf = inbuf;
+    if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFCONF, (char *)&ifc) < 0) {
+	perror("ioctl (SIOCGIFCONF)");
+	return (retval);
+    }
+
+    for (i = 0; i < ifc.ifc_len; ) {
+	ifr = (struct ifreq *)((char *)ifc.ifc_req + i);
+	i += sizeof(ifr->ifr_name) + ifr->ifr_addr.sa_len;
+	if_addr = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr;
+	if (ioctl(s, SIOCGIFNETMASK, (char *)ifr) >= 0) {
+	    if_mask = ((struct sockaddr_in *)&(ifr->ifr_addr))->sin_addr.s_addr;
+	    if ((dst & if_mask) == (if_addr & if_mask)) {
+		retval = if_mask;
+		if (lcl_addr == 0)
+		    lcl_addr = if_addr;
+	    }
+	}
+	if (lcl_addr == if_addr)
+	    found = TRUE;
+    }
+    if (!found && lcl_addr != 0) {
+	printf("Interface address is not valid\n");
+	exit(1);
+    }
+    return (retval);
+}
+
+
+int
+get_ttl(buf)
+    struct resp_buf *buf;
+{
+    register rno;
+    register struct tr_resp *b;
+    register ttl;
+
+    if (buf && (rno = buf->len) > 0) {
+	b = buf->resps + rno - 1;
+	ttl = b->tr_fttl;
+
+	while (--rno > 0) {
+	    --b;
+	    if (ttl < b->tr_fttl)
+	        ttl = b->tr_fttl;
+	    else
+	        ++ttl;
+	}
+	ttl += MULTICAST_TTL_INC;
+	if (ttl < MULTICAST_TTL1)
+	    ttl = MULTICAST_TTL1;
+	if (ttl > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX)
+	    ttl = MULTICAST_TTL_MAX;
+	return (ttl);
+    } else
+        return(MULTICAST_TTL1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate the difference between two 32-bit NTP timestamps and return
+ * the result in milliseconds.
+ */
+int
+t_diff(a, b)
+    u_long a, b;
+{
+    int d = a - b;
+
+    return ((d * 125) >> 13);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Fixup for incorrect time format in 3.3 mrouted.
+ * This is possible because (JAN_1970 mod 64K) is quite close to 32K,
+ * so correct and incorrect times will be far apart.
+ */
+u_long
+fixtime(time)
+    u_long time;
+{
+    if (abs((int)(time-base.qtime)) > 0x3FFFFFFF)
+        time = ((time & 0xFFFF0000) + (JAN_1970 << 16)) +
+	       ((time & 0xFFFF) << 14) / 15625;
+    return (time);
+}
+
+int
+send_recv(dst, type, code, tries, save)
+    u_int32_t dst;
+    int type, code, tries;
+    struct resp_buf *save;
+{
+    fd_set  fds;
+    struct timeval tq, tr, tv;
+    struct ip *ip;
+    struct igmp *igmp;
+    struct tr_query *query, *rquery;
+    int ipdatalen, iphdrlen, igmpdatalen;
+    u_int32_t local, group;
+    int datalen;
+    int count, recvlen, dummy = 0;
+    int len;
+    int i;
+
+    if (type == IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY) {
+	group = qgrp;
+	datalen = sizeof(struct tr_query);
+    } else {
+	group = htonl(MROUTED_LEVEL);
+	datalen = 0;
+    }
+    if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(dst)))
+        local = lcl_addr;
+    else
+        local = INADDR_ANY;
+
+    /*
+     * If the reply address was not explictly specified, start off
+     * with the unicast address of this host.  Then, if there is no
+     * response after trying half the tries with unicast, switch to
+     * the standard multicast reply address.  If the TTL was also not
+     * specified, set a multicast TTL and if needed increase it for the
+     * last quarter of the tries.
+     */
+    query = (struct tr_query *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN);
+    query->tr_raddr = raddr ? raddr : multicast ? resp_cast : lcl_addr;
+    query->tr_rttl  = rttl ? rttl :
+      IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(query->tr_raddr)) ? get_ttl(save) : UNICAST_TTL;
+
+    for (i = tries ; i > 0; --i) {
+	if (tries == nqueries && raddr == 0) {
+	    if (i == ((nqueries + 1) >> 1)) {
+		query->tr_raddr = resp_cast;
+		if (rttl == 0) query->tr_rttl = get_ttl(save);
+	    }
+	    if (i <= ((nqueries + 3) >> 2) && rttl == 0) {
+		query->tr_rttl += MULTICAST_TTL_INC;
+		if (query->tr_rttl > MULTICAST_TTL_MAX)
+		  query->tr_rttl = MULTICAST_TTL_MAX;
+	    }
+	}
+
+	/*
+	 * Change the qid for each request sent to avoid being confused
+	 * by duplicate responses
+	 */
+	query->tr_qid  = ((u_int32_t)random() >> 8);
+
+	/*
+	 * Set timer to calculate delays, then send query
+	 */
+	gettimeofday(&tq, 0);
+	send_igmp(local, dst, type, code, group, datalen);
+
+	/*
+	 * Wait for response, discarding false alarms
+	 */
+	while (TRUE) {
+	    FD_ZERO(&fds);
+	    FD_SET(igmp_socket, &fds);
+	    gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
+	    tv.tv_sec = tq.tv_sec + timeout - tv.tv_sec;
+	    tv.tv_usec = tq.tv_usec - tv.tv_usec;
+	    if (tv.tv_usec < 0)
+	        tv.tv_usec += 1000000L, --tv.tv_sec;
+	    if (tv.tv_sec < 0)
+	        tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_usec = 0;
+
+	    count = select(igmp_socket + 1, &fds, (fd_set *)0, (fd_set *)0,
+			   &tv);
+
+	    if (count < 0) {
+		if (errno != EINTR)
+		    perror("select");
+		continue;
+	    } else if (count == 0) {
+		printf("* ");
+		fflush(stdout);
+		break;
+	    }
+
+	    gettimeofday(&tr, 0);
+	    recvlen = recvfrom(igmp_socket, recv_buf, RECV_BUF_SIZE,
+			       0, (struct sockaddr *)0, &dummy);
+
+	    if (recvlen <= 0) {
+		if (recvlen && errno != EINTR)
+		    perror("recvfrom");
+		continue;
+	    }
+
+	    if (recvlen < sizeof(struct ip)) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"packet too short (%u bytes) for IP header", recvlen);
+		continue;
+	    }
+	    ip = (struct ip *) recv_buf;
+	    if (ip->ip_p == 0)	/* ignore cache creation requests */
+		continue;
+
+	    iphdrlen = ip->ip_hl << 2;
+	    ipdatalen = ip->ip_len;
+	    if (iphdrlen + ipdatalen != recvlen) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"packet shorter (%u bytes) than hdr+data len (%u+%u)\n",
+			recvlen, iphdrlen, ipdatalen);
+		continue;
+	    }
+
+	    igmp = (struct igmp *) (recv_buf + iphdrlen);
+	    igmpdatalen = ipdatalen - IGMP_MINLEN;
+	    if (igmpdatalen < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr,
+			"IP data field too short (%u bytes) for IGMP from %s\n",
+			ipdatalen, inet_fmt(ip->ip_src.s_addr, s1));
+		continue;
+	    }
+
+	    switch (igmp->igmp_type) {
+
+	      case IGMP_DVMRP:
+		if (igmp->igmp_code != DVMRP_NEIGHBORS2)
+		    continue;
+		if (ip->ip_src.s_addr != dst)
+		    continue;
+		len = igmpdatalen;
+		break;
+
+	      case IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY:  /* For backward compatibility with 3.3 */
+	      case IGMP_MTRACE_REPLY:
+		if (igmpdatalen <= QLEN)
+		    continue;
+		if ((igmpdatalen - QLEN)%RLEN) {
+		    printf("packet with incorrect datalen\n");
+		    continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * Ignore responses that don't match query.
+		 */
+		rquery = (struct tr_query *)(igmp + 1);
+		if (rquery->tr_qid != query->tr_qid)
+		    continue;
+		if (rquery->tr_src != qsrc)
+		    continue;
+		if (rquery->tr_dst != qdst)
+		    continue;
+		len = (igmpdatalen - QLEN)/RLEN;
+
+		/*
+		 * Ignore trace queries passing through this node when
+		 * mtrace is run on an mrouter that is in the path
+		 * (needed only because IGMP_MTRACE is accepted above
+		 * for backward compatibility with multicast release 3.3).
+		 */
+		if (igmp->igmp_type == IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY) {
+		    struct tr_resp *r = (struct tr_resp *)(rquery+1) + len - 1;
+		    u_int32_t smask;
+
+		    VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
+		    if (len < code && (r->tr_inaddr & smask) != (qsrc & smask)
+			&& r->tr_rmtaddr != 0 && !(r->tr_rflags & 0x80))
+		      continue;
+		}
+
+		/*
+		 * A match, we'll keep this one.
+		 */
+		if (len > code) {
+		    fprintf(stderr,
+			    "Num hops received (%d) exceeds request (%d)\n",
+			    len, code);
+		}
+		rquery->tr_raddr = query->tr_raddr;	/* Insure these are */
+		rquery->tr_rttl = query->tr_rttl;	/* as we sent them */
+		break;
+
+	      default:
+		continue;
+	    }
+
+	    /*
+	     * Most of the sanity checking done at this point.
+	     * Return this packet we have been waiting for.
+	     */
+	    if (save) {
+		save->qtime = ((tq.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
+			      (tq.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
+		save->rtime = ((tr.tv_sec + JAN_1970) << 16) +
+			      (tr.tv_usec << 10) / 15625;
+		save->len = len;
+		bcopy((char *)igmp, (char *)&save->igmp, ipdatalen);
+	    }
+	    return (recvlen);
+	}
+    }
+    return (0);
+}
+
+
+char *
+print_host(addr)
+    u_int32_t addr;
+{
+    char *name;
+
+    if (numeric) {
+	printf("%s", inet_fmt(addr, s1));
+	return ("");
+    }
+    name = inet_name(addr);
+    printf("%s (%s)", name, inet_fmt(addr, s1));
+    return (name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print responses as received (reverse path from dst to src)
+ */
+void
+print_trace(index, buf)
+    int index;
+    struct resp_buf *buf;
+{
+    struct tr_resp *r;
+    char *name;
+    int i;
+
+    i = abs(index);
+    r = buf->resps + i - 1;
+
+    for (; i <= buf->len; ++i, ++r) {
+	if (index > 0) printf("%3d  ", -i);
+	name = print_host(r->tr_outaddr);
+	printf("  %s  thresh^ %d  %d ms  %s\n", proto_type(r->tr_rproto),
+	       r->tr_fttl, t_diff(fixtime(ntohl(r->tr_qarr)), buf->qtime),
+	       flag_type(r->tr_rflags));
+	memcpy(names[i-1], name, sizeof(names[0]) - 1);
+	names[i-1][sizeof(names[0])-1] = '\0';
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * See what kind of router is the next hop
+ */
+void
+what_kind(buf)
+    struct resp_buf *buf;
+{
+    u_int32_t smask;
+    int recvlen;
+    int hops = buf->len;
+    struct tr_resp *r = buf->resps + hops - 1;
+    u_int32_t next = r->tr_rmtaddr;
+
+    recvlen = send_recv(next, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0]);
+    print_host(next);
+    if (recvlen) {
+	u_int32_t version = ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr);
+	u_int32_t *p = (u_int32_t *)incr[0].ndata;
+	u_int32_t *ep = p + (incr[0].len >> 2);
+	printf(" [%s%d.%d] didn't respond\n",
+	       (version == 1) ? "proteon/mrouted " :
+	       ((version & 0xff) == 2) ? "mrouted " :
+	       ((version & 0xff) == 3) ? "mrouted " :
+	       ((version & 0xff) == 4) ? "mrouted " :
+	       ((version & 0xff) == 10) ? "cisco " : "",
+	       version & 0xff, (version >> 8) & 0xff);
+	VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
+	while (p < ep) {
+	    register u_int32_t laddr = *p++;
+	    register int n = ntohl(*p++) & 0xFF;
+	    if ((laddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
+		printf("%3d  ", -(hops+2));
+		print_host(qsrc);
+		printf("\n");
+		break;
+	    }
+	    p += n;
+	}
+	return;
+    }
+    printf(" didn't respond\n");
+}
+
+
+char *
+scale(hop)
+    int *hop;
+{
+    if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000) return (" ms");
+    *hop /= 1000;
+    if (*hop > -1000 && *hop < 10000) return (" s ");
+    return ("s ");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Calculate and print one line of packet loss and packet rate statistics.
+ * Checks for count of all ones from mrouted 2.3 that doesn't have counters.
+ */
+#define NEITHER 0
+#define INS     1
+#define OUTS    2
+#define BOTH    3
+void
+stat_line(r, s, have_next)
+    struct tr_resp *r, *s;
+    int have_next;
+{
+    register timediff = (fixtime(ntohl(s->tr_qarr)) -
+			 fixtime(ntohl(r->tr_qarr))) >> 16;
+    register v_lost, v_pct;
+    register g_lost, g_pct;
+    register v_out = ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout);
+    register g_out = ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt);
+    register v_pps, g_pps;
+    char v_str[8], g_str[8];
+    register have = NEITHER;
+
+    if (timediff == 0)
+        timediff = 1;
+    v_pps = v_out / timediff;
+    g_pps = g_out / timediff;
+
+    if (v_out || s->tr_vifout != 0xFFFFFFFF)
+        have |= OUTS;
+
+    if (have_next) {
+	--r,  --s;
+	if (s->tr_vifin != 0xFFFFFFFF || r->tr_vifin != 0xFFFFFFFF)
+	  have |= INS;
+    }
+
+    switch (have) {
+      case BOTH:
+	v_lost = v_out - (ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
+	if (v_out)
+	    v_pct = (v_lost * 100 + (v_out >> 1)) / v_out;
+	else
+	    v_pct = 0;
+	if (-100 < v_pct && v_pct < 101 && v_out > 10)
+	    sprintf(v_str, "%3d", v_pct);
+	else
+	    memcpy(v_str, " --", 4);
+
+	g_lost = g_out - (ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
+	if (g_out)
+	    g_pct = (g_lost * 100 + (g_out >> 1))/ g_out;
+	else
+	    g_pct = 0;
+	if (-100 < g_pct && g_pct < 101 && g_out > 10)
+	    sprintf(g_str, "%3d", g_pct);
+	else
+	    memcpy(g_str, " --", 4);
+
+	printf("%6d/%-5d=%s%%%4d pps%6d/%-5d=%s%%%4d pps\n",
+	       v_lost, v_out, v_str, v_pps, g_lost, g_out, g_str, g_pps);
+	if (debug > 2) {
+	    printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", ntohl(s->tr_vifin));
+	    printf("v_out: %ld ", ntohl(s->tr_vifout));
+	    printf("pkts: %ld\n", ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt));
+	    printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
+	    printf("v_out: %ld ", ntohl(r->tr_vifout));
+	    printf("pkts: %ld\n", ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
+	    printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ",ntohl(s->tr_vifin)-ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
+	    printf("v_out: %ld ", ntohl(s->tr_vifout) - ntohl(r->tr_vifout));
+	    printf("pkts: %ld ", ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
+	    printf("time: %d\n", timediff);
+	}
+	break;
+
+      case INS:
+	v_out = (ntohl(s->tr_vifin) - ntohl(r->tr_vifin));
+	g_out = (ntohl(s->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(r->tr_pktcnt));
+	v_pps = v_out / timediff;
+	g_pps = g_out / timediff;
+	/* Fall through */
+
+      case OUTS:
+	printf("       %-5d     %4d pps       %-5d     %4d pps\n",
+	       v_out, v_pps, g_out, g_pps);
+	break;
+
+      case NEITHER:
+	printf("\n");
+	break;
+    }
+}
+
+/*
+ * A fixup to check if any pktcnt has been reset.
+ */
+void
+fixup_stats(base, new)
+    struct resp_buf *base, *new;
+{
+    register rno = base->len;
+    register struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
+    register struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
+
+    while (--rno >= 0)
+        if (ntohl((--n)->tr_pktcnt) < ntohl((--b)->tr_pktcnt))
+            break;
+
+    if (rno < 0)
+        return;
+
+    rno = base->len;
+    b = base->resps + rno;
+    n = new->resps + rno;
+
+    while (--rno >= 0)
+        (--b)->tr_pktcnt = (--n)->tr_pktcnt;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print responses with statistics for forward path (from src to dst)
+ */
+void
+print_stats(base, prev, new)
+    struct resp_buf *base, *prev, *new;
+{
+    int rtt, hop;
+    register char *ms;
+    register u_int32_t smask;
+    register rno = base->len - 1;
+    register struct tr_resp *b = base->resps + rno;
+    register struct tr_resp *p = prev->resps + rno;
+    register struct tr_resp *n = new->resps + rno;
+    register u_long resptime = new->rtime;
+    register u_long qarrtime = fixtime(ntohl(n->tr_qarr));
+    register ttl = n->tr_fttl;
+
+    VAL_TO_MASK(smask, b->tr_smask);
+    printf("  Source        Response Dest");
+    printf("    Packet Statistics For     Only For Traffic\n");
+    printf("%-15s %-15s  All Multicast Traffic     From %s\n",
+	   ((b->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) ? s1 : "   * * *       ",
+	   inet_fmt(base->qhdr.tr_raddr, s2), inet_fmt(qsrc, s1));
+    rtt = t_diff(resptime, new->qtime);
+    ms = scale(&rtt);
+    printf("     |       __/  rtt%5d%s    Lost/Sent = Pct  Rate       To %s\n",
+	   rtt, ms, inet_fmt(qgrp, s2));
+    hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime);
+    ms = scale(&hop);
+    printf("     v      /     hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
+    printf("    ---------------------     --------------------\n");
+    if (debug > 2) {
+	printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", ntohl(n->tr_vifin));
+	printf("v_out: %ld ", ntohl(n->tr_vifout));
+	printf("pkts: %ld\n", ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt));
+	printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", ntohl(b->tr_vifin));
+	printf("v_out: %ld ", ntohl(b->tr_vifout));
+	printf("pkts: %ld\n", ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt));
+	printf("\t\t\t\tv_in: %ld ", ntohl(n->tr_vifin) - ntohl(b->tr_vifin));
+	printf("v_out: %ld ", ntohl(n->tr_vifout) - ntohl(b->tr_vifout));
+	printf("pkts: %ld\n", ntohl(n->tr_pktcnt) - ntohl(b->tr_pktcnt));
+    }
+
+    while (TRUE) {
+	if ((n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr) || (n->tr_inaddr != b->tr_inaddr)) {
+	    printf("Route changed, start again.\n");
+	    exit(1);
+	}
+	if ((n->tr_inaddr != n->tr_outaddr))
+	  printf("%-15s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_inaddr, s1));
+	printf("%-15s %-14s %s\n", inet_fmt(n->tr_outaddr, s1), names[rno],
+		 flag_type(n->tr_rflags));
+
+	if (rno-- < 1) break;
+
+	printf("     |     ^      ttl%5d   ", ttl);
+	if (prev == new)
+	    printf("\n");
+	else
+	    stat_line(p, n, TRUE);
+	resptime = qarrtime;
+	qarrtime = fixtime(ntohl((n-1)->tr_qarr));
+	hop = t_diff(resptime, qarrtime);
+	ms = scale(&hop);
+	printf("     v     |      hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
+	stat_line(b, n, TRUE);
+
+	--b, --p, --n;
+	if (ttl < n->tr_fttl)
+	    ttl = n->tr_fttl;
+	else
+	    ++ttl;
+    }
+	   
+    printf("     |      \\__   ttl%5d   ", ttl);
+    if (prev == new)
+        printf("\n");
+    else
+        stat_line(p, n, FALSE);
+    hop = t_diff(qarrtime, new->qtime);
+    ms = scale(&hop);
+    printf("     v         \\  hop%5d%s", hop, ms);
+    stat_line(b, n, FALSE);
+    printf("%-15s %s\n", inet_fmt(qdst, s1), inet_fmt(lcl_addr, s2));
+    printf("  Receiver      Query Source\n\n");
+}
+
+
+/***************************************************************************
+ *	main
+ ***************************************************************************/
+
+int
+main(argc, argv)
+int argc;
+char *argv[];
+{
+    int udp;
+    struct sockaddr_in addr;
+    int addrlen = sizeof(addr);
+    int recvlen;
+    struct timeval tv;
+    struct resp_buf *prev, *new;
+    struct tr_query *query;
+    struct tr_resp *r;
+    u_int32_t smask;
+    int rno;
+    int hops, tries;
+    int numstats = 1;
+    int waittime;
+    int seed;
+    int ch;
+
+    if (geteuid() != 0) {
+	fprintf(stderr, "mtrace: must be root\n");
+	exit(1);
+    }
+
+    while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "d:g:i:lMm:npq:r:st:w:")) != -1) {
+        switch (ch) {
+	case 'd':			/* Unlisted debug print option */
+	    if (!isdigit(*optarg))
+		usage();
+	    debug = atoi(optarg);
+	    if (debug < 0)
+	         debug = 0;
+	    else if (debug > 3)
+	        debug = 3;
+	    break;
+
+        case 'M':			/* Use multicast for reponse */
+	    multicast = TRUE;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'l':			/* Loop updating stats indefinitely */
+	    numstats = 3153600;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'n':			/* Don't reverse map host addresses */
+	    numeric = TRUE;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'p':			/* Passive listen for traces */
+	    passive = TRUE;
+	    break;
+
+	case 's':			/* Short form, don't wait for stats */
+	    numstats = 0;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'w':			/* Time to wait for packet arrival */
+	    if (!isdigit(*optarg))
+		usage();
+	    timeout = atoi(optarg);
+	    if (timeout < 1)
+	        timeout = 1;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'm':			/* Max number of hops to trace */
+	    if (!isdigit(*optarg))
+		usage();
+	    qno = atoi(optarg);
+	    if (qno > MAXHOPS)
+	        qno = MAXHOPS;
+	    else if (qno < 1)
+	        qno = 0;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'q':			/* Number of query retries */
+	    if (!isdigit(*optarg))
+		usage();
+	    nqueries = atoi(optarg);
+	    if (nqueries < 1)
+	        nqueries = 1;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'g':			/* Last-hop gateway (dest of query) */
+	    if ((gwy = host_addr(optarg)) == 0)
+		usage();
+	    break;
+
+	case 't':			/* TTL for query packet */
+	    if (!isdigit(*optarg))
+		usage();
+	    qttl = atoi(optarg);
+	    if (qttl < 1)
+	        qttl = 1;
+	    rttl = qttl;
+	    break;
+
+	case 'r':			/* Dest for response packet */
+	    if ((raddr = host_addr(optarg)) == 0)
+		usage();
+	    break;
+
+	case 'i':			/* Local interface address */
+	    if ((lcl_addr = host_addr(optarg)) == 0)
+		usage();
+	    break;
+
+	default:
+	    usage();
+	} /* switch */
+    } /* while */
+    argv += optind;
+    argc -= optind;
+
+    switch (argc) {
+    case 3:		/* Path via group */
+	if ((qgrp = host_addr(argv[2])) == 0)
+		usage();
+	/* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 2:		/* dest of path */
+	if ((qdst = host_addr(argv[1])) == 0)
+		usage();
+	/* FALLTHROUGH */
+    case 1:		/* source of path */
+	if ((qsrc = host_addr(argv[0])) == 0 || IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qsrc)))
+	    usage();
+	break;
+
+    default:
+	usage();
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If argc is > 1 and the second argument is a multicast address,
+     * assume that the second argument is actually qgrp and the third
+     * (if any) is qdst; in this case, the third argument is not allowed
+     * to be a multicast address.
+     */
+    if (argc > 1) {
+	if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst))) {
+	    u_int32_t temp = qdst;
+	    qdst = qgrp;
+	    qgrp = temp;
+	    if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qdst)))
+		usage();
+	} else if (qgrp != 0 && !IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(qgrp)))
+	    usage();
+    }
+
+    if (qsrc == 0)
+	usage();
+
+    init_igmp();
+
+    /*
+     * Set useful defaults for as many parameters as possible.
+     */
+
+    defgrp = htonl(0xE0020001);		/* MBone Audio (224.2.0.1) */
+    query_cast = htonl(0xE0000002);	/* All routers multicast addr */
+    resp_cast = htonl(0xE0000120);	/* Mtrace response multicast addr */
+    if (qgrp == 0)
+        qgrp = defgrp;
+
+    /*
+     * Get default local address for multicasts to use in setting defaults.
+     */
+    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
+#if (defined(BSD) && (BSD >= 199103))
+    addr.sin_len = sizeof(addr);
+#endif
+    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = qgrp;
+    addr.sin_port = htons(2000);	/* Any port above 1024 will do */
+
+    if (((udp = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) < 0) ||
+	(connect(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) ||
+	getsockname(udp, (struct sockaddr *) &addr, &addrlen) < 0) {
+	perror("Determining local address");
+	exit(-1);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Default destination for path to be queried is the local host.
+     */
+    if (qdst == 0)
+        qdst = lcl_addr ? lcl_addr : addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
+
+    /*
+     * If the destination is on the local net, the last-hop router can
+     * be found by multicast to the all-routers multicast group.
+     * Otherwise, use the group address that is the subject of the
+     * query since by definition the last hop router will be a member.
+     * Set default TTLs for local remote multicasts.
+     */
+    dst_netmask = get_netmask(udp, qdst);
+    close(udp);
+    if (lcl_addr == 0)
+        lcl_addr = addr.sin_addr.s_addr;
+    if (gwy == 0)
+        if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (lcl_addr & dst_netmask))
+            gwy = query_cast;
+        else
+            gwy = qgrp;
+
+    if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy))) {
+      k_set_loop(1);	/* If I am running on a router, I need to hear this */
+      if (gwy == query_cast)
+          k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : 1);
+      else
+          k_set_ttl(qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1);
+    } else
+      if (send_recv(gwy, IGMP_DVMRP, DVMRP_ASK_NEIGHBORS2, 1, &incr[0]))
+	if (ntohl(incr[0].igmp.igmp_group.s_addr) == 0x0303) {
+	    printf("Don't use -g to address an mrouted 3.3, it might crash\n");
+	    exit(0);
+	}
+
+    printf("Mtrace from %s to %s via group %s\n",
+	   inet_fmt(qsrc, s1), inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3));
+
+    if ((qdst & dst_netmask) == (qsrc & dst_netmask)) {
+	printf("Source & receiver are directly connected, no path to trace\n");
+	exit(0);
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * Make up the IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY query packet to send (some parameters
+     * are set later), including initializing the seed for random
+     * query identifiers.
+     */
+    query = (struct tr_query *)(send_buf + MIN_IP_HEADER_LEN + IGMP_MINLEN);
+    query->tr_src   = qsrc;
+    query->tr_dst   = qdst;
+
+    gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
+    seed = tv.tv_usec ^ lcl_addr;
+    srandom(seed);
+
+    /*
+     * If the response is to be a multicast address, make sure we 
+     * are listening on that multicast address.
+     */
+    if (raddr && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr)))
+        k_join(raddr, lcl_addr);
+    else
+        k_join(resp_cast, lcl_addr);
+
+    /*
+     * Try a query at the requested number of hops or MAXOPS if unspecified.
+     */
+    if (qno == 0) {
+	hops = MAXHOPS;
+	tries = 1;
+	printf("Querying full reverse path... ");
+	fflush(stdout);
+    } else {
+	hops = qno;
+	tries = nqueries;
+	printf("Querying reverse path, maximum %d hops... ", qno);
+	fflush(stdout); 
+    }
+    base.rtime = 0;
+    base.len = 0;
+
+    recvlen = send_recv(gwy, IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY, hops, tries, &base);
+
+    /*
+     * If the initial query was successful, print it.  Otherwise, if
+     * the query max hop count is the default of zero, loop starting
+     * from one until a timeout occurs.
+     */
+    if (recvlen) {
+	printf("\n  0  ");
+	print_host(qdst);
+	printf("\n");
+	print_trace(1, &base);
+	r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
+	if (r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER) {
+	    printf("%3d  ", -(base.len+1));
+	    fflush(stdout);
+	    what_kind(&base);
+	} else {
+	    VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
+	    if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
+		printf("%3d  ", -(base.len+1));
+		print_host(qsrc);
+		printf("\n");
+	    }
+	}
+    } else if (qno == 0) {
+	printf("switching to hop-by-hop:\n  0  ");
+	print_host(qdst);
+	printf("\n");
+
+	for (hops = 1; hops <= MAXHOPS; ++hops) {
+	    printf("%3d  ", -hops);
+	    fflush(stdout);
+
+	    recvlen = send_recv(gwy, IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY, hops, nqueries, &base);
+
+	    if (recvlen == 0) {
+		if (--hops == 0) break;
+		what_kind(&base);
+		break;
+	    }
+	    r = base.resps + base.len - 1;
+	    if (base.len == hops)
+	        print_trace(-hops, &base);
+	    else {
+		hops = base.len;
+		if (r->tr_rflags == TR_OLD_ROUTER) {
+		    what_kind(&base);
+		    break;
+		}
+		if (r->tr_rflags == TR_NO_SPACE) {
+		    printf("No space left in trace packet for further hops\n");
+		    break;	/* XXX could do segmented trace */
+		}
+		printf("Route must have changed...\n\n");
+		print_trace(1, &base);
+	    }
+
+	    VAL_TO_MASK(smask, r->tr_smask);
+	    if ((r->tr_inaddr & smask) == (qsrc & smask)) {
+		printf("%3d  ", -(hops+1));
+		print_host(qsrc);
+		printf("\n");
+		break;
+	    }
+	    if (r->tr_rmtaddr == 0 || (r->tr_rflags & 0x80))
+	        break;
+	}
+    }
+
+    if (base.rtime == 0) {
+	printf("Timed out receiving responses\n");
+	if (IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(gwy)))
+	  if (gwy == query_cast)
+	    printf("Perhaps no local router has a route for source %s\n",
+		   inet_fmt(qsrc, s1));
+	  else
+	    printf("Perhaps receiver %s is not a member of group %s,\n\
+or no router local to it has a route for source %s,\n\
+or multicast at ttl %d doesn't reach its last-hop router for that source\n",
+		   inet_fmt(qdst, s2), inet_fmt(qgrp, s3), inet_fmt(qsrc, s1),
+		   qttl ? qttl : MULTICAST_TTL1);
+	exit(1);
+    }
+
+    printf("Round trip time %d ms\n\n", t_diff(base.rtime, base.qtime));
+
+    /*
+     * Use the saved response which was the longest one received,
+     * and make additional probes after delay to measure loss.
+     */
+    raddr = base.qhdr.tr_raddr;
+    rttl = base.qhdr.tr_rttl;
+    gettimeofday(&tv, 0);
+    waittime = 10 - (((tv.tv_sec + JAN_1970) & 0xFFFF) - (base.qtime >> 16));
+    prev = new = &incr[numstats&1];
+
+    while (numstats--) {
+	if (waittime < 1) printf("\n");
+	else {
+	    printf("Waiting to accumulate statistics... ");
+	    fflush(stdout);
+	    sleep((unsigned)waittime);
+	}
+	rno = base.len;
+	recvlen = send_recv(gwy, IGMP_MTRACE_QUERY, rno, nqueries, new);
+
+	if (recvlen == 0) {
+	    printf("Timed out.\n");
+	    exit(1);
+	}
+
+	if (rno != new->len) {
+	    printf("Trace length doesn't match.\n");
+	    exit(1);
+	}
+
+	printf("Results after %d seconds:\n\n",
+	       (new->qtime - base.qtime) >> 16);
+	fixup_stats(&base, new);
+	print_stats(&base, prev, new);
+	prev = new;
+	new = &incr[numstats&1];
+	waittime = 10;
+    }
+
+    /*
+     * If the response was multicast back, leave the group
+     */
+    if (raddr && IN_MULTICAST(ntohl(raddr))) k_leave(raddr, lcl_addr);
+    else k_leave(resp_cast, lcl_addr);
+
+    return (0);
+}
+
+void
+check_vif_state()
+{
+    log(LOG_WARNING, errno, "sendto");
+}
+
+/*
+ * Log errors and other messages to stderr, according to the severity
+ * of the message and the current debug level.  For errors of severity
+ * LOG_ERR or worse, terminate the program.
+ */
+/*VARARGS3*/
+void
+log(severity, syserr, format, a, b, c, d, e)
+    int severity, syserr;
+    char *format;
+    int a, b, c, d, e;
+{
+    char fmt[100];
+
+    switch (debug) {
+	case 0:
+	    if (severity > LOG_WARNING)
+	        return;
+	case 1:
+	    if (severity > LOG_NOTICE)
+	        return;
+	case 2:
+	    if (severity > LOG_INFO)
+	        return;
+	default:
+	    fmt[0] = '\0';
+	    if (severity == LOG_WARNING) strcat(fmt, "warning - ");
+	    strncat(fmt, format, 80);
+	    fprintf(stderr, fmt, a, b, c, d, e);
+	    if (syserr == 0)
+		fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+	    else if(syserr < sys_nerr)
+		fprintf(stderr, ": %s\n", sys_errlist[syserr]);
+	    else
+		fprintf(stderr, ": errno %d\n", syserr);
+    }
+    if (severity <= LOG_ERR)
+        exit(-1);
+}
+
+/* dummies */
+
+/*VARARGS*/
+void accept_probe() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_group_report() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_neighbors() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_neighbors2() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_neighbor_request() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_neighbor_request2() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_report() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_prune() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_graft() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_g_ack() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void add_table_entry() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_mtrace() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_leave_message() {} /*VARARGS*/
+void accept_membership_query() {} /*VARARGS*/